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Jun 1, 2023 30 tweets 11 min read Read on X
Special & continuous #Thread

Buddha and Bodhisattva with Janeu debunking left hand theory that #Buddhism is not #Hindutva

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This 9th-century plaque depicts the Buddha asking the earth to witness his enlightenment

#Archaeology #Janeu
1/n https://imgur.io/WvoYjYS?r
Khasarpaṇa Avalokiteśvara,
circa early 11th century, found spot: Mahākalī, Vikrampur, Dhaka district. National Museum of Bangladesh, Dhaka

2/
#Archaeology #Hindutva #Janeu https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0046.008/--faceless-gazes-silent-texts-images-of-devotees-and-practices?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Buddha (Enlightenment)
circa 6th century, Sarnath, buff sandstone,
Donor.
senior monk Vandhugupta,
ASI Site Museum, Sarnath

#Archaeology #Hindutva #Janeu
3/
Image
Earth goddess (left), Aparājitā (right), with monastic donor, Vandhugupta (middle left), Lower part of the stele
Buddha Śākyamuni, chlorite schist, Gaya district (Kurkihar), circa mid-9th century.
Image:
#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu

4/ lacma.org

Image
Vimalaprabha on the lower register, detail of figure 10, the Buddha Śākyamuni stele, chlorite schist, Gaya district (Kurkihar), circa mid-9th century, 31 ¾ x 18 ¼ x 9 inches. LACMA, M 73.4.11. Image: www.lacma.org
Buddha Śākyamuni,
probably Kurkihar,
circa mid-9th century
Courtesy of Asian Art Museum of San Francisco

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
5/ Image
Tārā,
Nālandā,
circa 10th century,
Indian Museum
#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu

6/ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0046.008/--faceless-gazes-silent-texts-images-of-devotees-and-practices?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Mārīcī
Nālandā,
circa late 10th century,
Indian Museum

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
7/ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0046.008/--faceless-gazes-silent-texts-images-of-devotees-and-practices?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Buddha in bhumīṣparśa mudrā, Hasra Kol,
Bihar,
circa 10th century,
Patna Museum

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
8/ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0046.008/--faceless-gazes-silent-texts-images-of-devotees-and-practices?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Avalokiteśvara with Tārā, Bhṛkuṭī, and Hayagrīva,
Nālandā,
circa late 10th century,
ASI Nālandā Site Museum

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व
#Janeu
9/ Image
Buddha in bhumīṣparśa mudrā, Vikrampur, Dhaka district,
circa 11th century
National Museum of Bangladesh, Dhaka

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
10/ Image
Khasarpaṇa from Mahākālī
house of Babu Bhuban Chandra Mitra in Nahapara,
image: N.K. Bhattasali, Iconography of Buddhist and Brahmanical sculptures in the Dacca Museum (1929), plate VII-a

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
11/ Image
Buddha sculpture from Antichak, India, ca. 11th–12th centuries. Bronze, h. 6.5 cm. Archaeological Survey of India Office, Patna, India

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
13/
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0050.013/--time-and-time-again-finding-perspective-for-bodhgaya-buddha?rgn=main;view=fulltext  Buddha sculpture, found at Fatehpur. Bronze, h. 27.8 cm. Formerly in the Bodh Gaya Site Museum (91), stolen in 1981. Photo: American Institute of Indian Studies, Gurgaon
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0050.013/--time-and-time-again-finding-perspective-for-bodhgaya-buddha?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Sealing with Enshrined Buddha figure and ye dharmā verse (also called dharmā-relic verse or Buddhist formula), Bodhgayā, ca. 11th century. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH Image courtesy Artstor

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
14/ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0050.013/--time-and-time-again-finding-perspective-for-bodhgaya-buddha?rgn=main;view=fulltext
The Buddha triumphing over Mara
850–950
India; probably Kurkihar, Bihar
Basalt
The Avery Brundage Collection


#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
15/ collections.asianart.org/collection/the…
Image
Buddha with 7 hooded serpents and a janeu

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
16/ Image
Avalokiteśvara
Sri Lanka,
6th–7th century
Excavated from Khuan Saranrom, Phunphin district, Surat Thani province, southern Thailand, in 1961
National Museum, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
17/ Image
Avalokiteśvara ?
Southern India, ca. 6th century
Recovered from Krishna River delta, Andhra Pradesh,
Victoria and Albert Museum, London

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
18/ When this finely cast bronze icon of the bodhi-sattva Avalokiteśvara (cat. 6) was excavated in peninsular Thailand in 1961, comparisons were quickly drawn with the famous bronze bodhi-sattva torso recovered in the Krishna River delta, Andhra Pradesh (cat. 7), which is assigned to the Pallava period (ca. 6th century). Both have a slender torso with broad shoulders and a multistranded sacred cord ( yajñopavīta) drawn across the left shoulder. In each case, one pro-jecting hand displays the gesture of exposition  https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Lost_Kingdoms_Hindu...
Prajñāpāramitā, Goddess of Wisdom
Sri Lanka, probably Polonnaruwa,
ca. late 8th–9th century
Reportedly found in southern Thailand
Victoria and Albert Museum, London


#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
19/ resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metp…
Prajñāpāramitā, whose name means “perfection of knowledge,” was an important cult divinity in Mahāyāna Buddhism during the late first mil-lennium. She is the personification of the text of the same name, which is largely a compilation of dialogues on the nature of Buddhist wisdom, incantations, and charms (dhāranī ). She proba-bly emerged from monasteries in southern India as a Buddhist counterpart to the Brahmanical Laksmī, also a wisdom goddess. Here, Prajñā-pāramitā is seated in a meditation posture, with face alert and hands engaged in an Esoteric Buddhist gesture associated with higher...
The earliest Pyu images of the Buddha in Myanmar, and among the earliest ones in Southeast Asia as a whole, appear on the great silver reliquary that was the centerpiece of the Khin Ba relic chamber


#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #Janeu
20/ resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metp…
this exceptionally important sacred object reveals an eclectic mixture of Indian features for which there is no known Indian model: it combines the concept of a Buddhist tree shrine with a cylindrical relic container and reveals artistic affinities with both Gupta and Andhra Pradesh traditions of Buddhist art. The reliquary was made from a thin sheet of silver about two millimeters thick, hammered in the repoussé method over a matrix of hard wood. It never had a bottom and was not made to be self- supporting but rather formed a sheath over a wood casket and cover of the same dimensions and ...
Buddha Seated under the Bodhi Tree
Thailand (Buriram province, probably Prakhon Chai)
7th–9th century

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व
21/ sizable number of Mon-style plaques of the seventh to ninth century, rich in iconographic variation, have survived from Thailand. These portable, mold-made, terracotta votive plaques must have been commonly available at major Buddhist pilgrimage sites and important religious centers. Their widespread availability and easy portability helped to disseminate Buddhist doctrine, styles, and iconography throughout South and Southeast Asia, as well as the Far East  https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38523
Buddha Meditating Under the Bodhi Tree,
ca. 900 C.E. Granite, 69 1/2 x 31 1/2 x 18 1/2 in., 2357 lb. (176.5 x 80 x 47 cm, 1069.13kg). Creative Commons
Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #janeu
22/ This image of Shakyamuni depicts him meditating. Above him are the heart-shape leaves of the bodhi tree, a reference to the site where he gained enlightenment, at Bodh Gaya in northern India. This sculpture is made of granite, typically used by carvers in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. By the time it was made, there were few Buddhists in South India, and monasteries in the area relied on patronage from Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Foreign influence is evident in the flame on the Buddha’s cranial bump (ushnisha), a trait not typically found on Indian Buddhas.  https://www.brooklynmus...
This Buddha’s sculpture found inside the Suryanarayan and Papanaseswara temples, Buddha can be seen seated under the Bodhi tree in Dhyanamudra (contemplating meditation), with an attendant’s sculpture carved above, below and on his left side.
10 th century
#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व #janeu
22/
https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/may/16/how-experts-see-buddhist-sculptures-in-alampur-2453998.amp
This is probably the oldest proof of #Buddha wearing #Janeu
~1st century ce
National Museum Delhi

#Archaeology #Hindutva
23/
Image
Image
#Buddha statue wearing #janeu
Sanchi Stupa

#Archaeology #Hindutva #हिंदुत्व
24/ https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buddha_statue_at_sanchi_stupa.jpg
Avalokiteshvara Padmapani
Nagarjunakonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
DATES 3rd-6th century

23/
#Archaeology #Hindutva #janeu Avalokiteshvara has features that would come to be associated with this Bodhisattva, most notably the presence of a small figure of a meditating Buddha (usually identified as the Buddha Amitabha) on the front of his crown. It was carved on the back of a much earlier architectural element with a large lotus on it, probably dating to the second or third century C.E.  https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/109069
9th century Tara.
Indonesia
Can you spot the #janeu ?
asianart.com/exhibitions/aa…
Image
Padmapani, the Lotus Bearer, is the most important of all bodhisattvas. Embodying compassion, he is the presiding deity of the present kalpa (eon).
Brooklyn Museum
Nepal
DATES 12th-13th century

24/
#Archaeology #Hindutva #janeu https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3867
25/
Seated Tara, 9th century with #janeu
#Archaeology https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/154419 Black schist, 30 1/4 x 15 3/4 x 7 3/4 in., 181 lb. (76.8 x 40 x 19.7 cm, 82.1kg). Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Dr. Bertram H. Schaffner, 1995.136. Creative Commons-BY (Photo
26/
Mother Maya Devi wears a 'Janeu' while an attendant cradles Shishu Buddha in this sculpture from Bihar, 9th Century ce.


Image
27/
Isrumuniya lovers
4th -6th Century.A-D. Gupta style carving represent Dutugemunu's son Saliya wearing a #Janeu and the special class (Sadol Kula) maiden Asokamala whom he loved, in Anurâdhapura Museum, Temple d'Isurumuniya.- Sri Lanka.

#Archaeology https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Isrumuniya_lovers_4-6_.cent._A-D_in_Anuradhapura_Museum_%281%29.jpg

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More from @GemsOfINDOLOGY

Dec 6
1️⃣ The Taj Mahal was built using measurements from 3300 BCE.

Same unit. Same system. 5000 years apart.

Your history textbooks never mentioned this. Why? 🧵 Half clay Harappan brick slab engraved with "1.763 cm" beside the white marble Taj Mahal facade, split composition highlighting same measurement unit across 5,000 years
@narendramodi @PMOIndia @mygovindia @sanjeevsanyal @IndicMeenakshi 2️⃣ The Harappan civilization used the angula—a finger-width of exactly 1.763 cm.

That same unit designed the Taj Mahal in 1648 CE.

5000 years. Zero breaks. Uninterrupted architectural DNA. 🏛️ Hand pressing a weathered clay brick beside a translucent ruler marking 1.766 cm, highlighting a finger-width measurement used in ancient construction
3️⃣ Harappan bricks: 28×14×7 cm. Perfect 4:2:1 ratio.

Or in their terms: 16×8×4 angulas.

This wasn't art. It was engineering. Strength through geometry across every city—Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Lothal. Rectangular fired clay brick with worn edges on a clear display stand, showcasing an ancient Harappan 4:2:1 proportion (approx. 28×14×7 cm).
Isometric drawing of brick wall sections with staggered Harappan-style 4:2:1 ratio bricks, dimensions marked and a single brick shown separately.
Read 11 tweets
Dec 5
🧵 The Bhagavata Purana tells a wild story about Ajamila—a Brahmin who spent 88 years sinning, then accidentally hacked moksha at his deathbed.

Yes, accidentally.

Let me explain. 🪷 Image
1/ Ajamila started pure. Born into a respectable Brahmin family, mastered the Vedas, lived virtuously with his devoted wife.

Textbook dharma. Perfect resume.

Then one day in the forest, he saw something that broke him. 👀 Image
2/ A beautiful, intoxicated courtesan Intimate with a low-caste man. Right there.

Ajamila's carefully constructed virtue collapsed in minutes.

Lust won. Dharma lost. 💔 Image
Read 9 tweets
Dec 2
🧵 Delhi chokes every winter. Politicians blame farmers. Farmers blame weather. Weather experts blame geography.

Nobody blames the real culprit: traffic mismanagement.

Here's the math they don't want you to see:

₹60,000 Cr lost annually. 37 deaths daily. 16 cigarettes worth of air per day.

The fix? ₹13,900 Cr. Payback? 11 months.

Every number below is sourced from IIT Kanpur, WHO, EPCA, CSE. Every solution has worked elsewhere. Every excuse has expired.

@BJP4India controls both centre and state. @gupta_rekha has 4 years left.

Let's see if data trumps inertia 👇 Bookmark and RT.Image
1) The damage — Quantified

- AQI 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝟒𝟓𝟎–𝟓𝟓𝟎 during winter months (safar data)
- WHO: every 10 µg/m³ rise in pm2.5 increases mortality by 6–8%
- Delhi averages 𝟏𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟎 µ𝐠/𝐦³ 𝐩𝐦𝟐.𝟓 — ~10× the safe limit
- A𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐧: ₹𝟔𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎–₹𝟔𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐫 (moefcc + teri)
- P𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲: 13,752 deaths/year (gbd dataset)
- Exposure equivalent: 𝟏𝟔–𝟏𝟖 𝐜𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐬/𝐝𝐚𝐲

Sources of pm2.5 (IIT kanpur source apportionment):

- Vehicles: 𝟒𝟏%
- Road dust: 𝟐𝟏.𝟓%
- Industry: 18%
- Construction: 8%
- Waste burning: 6%
- Stubble burning: 𝟓.𝟓%
- Firecrackers: <1%

Here's the problem:

Everyone cites these percentages. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 vehicles contribute 41%. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 road dust is 21.5%. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 construction spikes PM by 8%.

The real question isn't WHAT pollutes.

It's WHY Delhi's vehicles pollute 3–4× more than vehicles in Mumbai, Bangalore, or Singapore.

WHY does road dust account for 21.5% here but <5% in Tokyo?

WHY does construction create such massive spikes?

The answer: 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞.

This thread dissects the failure points—and presents engineered fixes with ROI under 12 months.Image
𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐂 𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 (𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐎𝐈, 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

Vehicles aren't the problem.

How Delhi moves them is.

2) No-Parking-on-Crossings Enforcement

𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐱: ₹𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫 | 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭: ₹𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫 | 𝐑𝐎𝐈: <𝟗𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬

Delhi has 𝟏,𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬.

Blocked junctions slash throughput by 𝟑𝟎–𝟒𝟎% (CPWD traffic flow model).

Every car stuck at a choked crossing = idling engine.
Idle emissions at intersections = 𝟏𝟐–𝟏𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐌𝟐.𝟓.

Intervention:

- AI-enabled camera network with ANPR
- Auto-challan ₹2,000 base penalty
- Tow enforcement on 500+ red-flagged intersections

Expected outcomes:

- 𝟏𝟑–𝟏𝟖% 𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐝𝐥𝐞-𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
- City-wide fuel savings: ~₹𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫/𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫

One blocked junction cascades into 12 surrounding roads. Clear the junction, clear the corridor.
Read 21 tweets
Nov 30
1/9
Welcome to Jalore Fort, Rajasthan: the “Golden Fort” that literally glows at sunset yet remains invisible to 99.9 % of Indian tourists. Built to laugh at invaders, now dying of Instagram indifference. Classic. 🏜️✨
#SonarKila #GemsofASI
State protected monument number S-RJ-223,224Ancient hill fort ruins and white temple complex nestled in green valleys and rocky hills under a misty sky.
@UNESCO @narendramodi @PMOIndia @gssjodhpur @ASIGoI @MinOfCultureGoI 2/9
10th-century Paramaras: “Let’s park a fortress on a lone volcanic plug no army can climb.”
Result: Never fully conquered. Alauddin tried in 1311, lost 40,000 men, still had to bribe the gatekeeper. Peak medieval flex. Image
3/9
Songara Chauhans take over, rename it Swarnagiri (“Hill of Gold”). Because when your walls shine like Fort Knox, subtlety is overrated. Meanwhile Delhi historians call it “a local disturbance”. Sure Jan.
Read 9 tweets
Nov 29
1️⃣ 🧵 While everyone obsesses over Hampi, let me tell you about Rayadurgam Fort.

16th century. 2,727 feet elevation. Anantapur district.

A fortress that survived Vijayanagara's collapse, Muslim invasions, Nayaka power plays, and Tipu Sultan's expansion now may not survive few more decades thanks to bureaucracy 😑

Yet most Indians have never heard of it. Here's why that's a problem. 🏰

#GemsofASI MNI#20 #Archaeology @AndraPradeshCM @asicircleImage
2️⃣ Built by Junga Nayaka under Vijayanagara rule, but the site's earlier story is messier.

Local Balija chiefs—the Rayadurgam Palegars—held this hill. Called "turbulent" by imperial records. The emperor sent officers to drive them out.

Once conquered? Renamed to "Bhupatirayakonda" (King's Hill).

Erasing rivals through nomenclature. Colonial Tale as old as time. #VijayanagaEmpire #IndianHistory #ForgottenFortsImage
3️⃣ The architecture isn't just impressive—it's brutal military logic in stone:

Multiple concentric walls. Nearly impregnable granite. 830m elevation advantage.

Four caves beneath the slope with stone doors carved with Siddha symbols.

Part of a network with Penugonda, Gutti, Madakasira.

This was Rayalaseema's defensive spine. 🗿
#AndhraHistory #VijayanagaraImage
Image
Image
Image
Read 11 tweets
Nov 26
1️⃣ These brick ruins are what remains of Karnasubarna—ancient capital of King Sasanka's Gauda Kingdom (circa 600-625 CE). Once a thriving Buddhist center with the grand Rakta Mrittika Mahavihar, as documented by Hiuen Tsang himself. 🏛️

Now? Barely anyone knows it existed.

ASI protected monument number 3692. Can you see the protection? #GemsofASILow brick ruins and stepped foundations spread across a grassy plain under an overcast sky, suggesting an ancient site in a rural landscape.
2️⃣ Hiuen Tsang described Rakta Mrittika Mahavihar as having 'red brick walls' with over 1,000 monks studying here in the 7th century. A major Buddhist learning center in Eastern India, predating Nalanda's peak fame.

Yet most history books skip straight to Nalanda.

No signboards explaining the mahavihar's significance. No interpretive panels. Nothing.Excavated red-brick monastery foundations with stepped terraces set in a grassy plain, palm trees and village buildings on the horizon.
3️⃣ King Sasanka ruled from Karnasubarna, controlling vast territories across Bengal and parts of Odisha. His kingdom was a political and religious hub—Hindu-Buddhist confluence, trade networks, administrative sophistication.

Colonial historians painted him as 'obscure.' Our own institutions continue that tradition by ignoring his capital.Brick foundations and circular stone bases of ancient palace ruins set on grassy grounds with a blue informational sign and distant trees.
Read 14 tweets

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