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1. He was the person who abolished the Caliphate in 1924. This system was in motion since the time of Sayyidunā Abū Bakr As-Siddīq raḍiyallāhu ‘anhu. After abolishing the Caliphate, he forced the Caliph and his family into exile.
2. The official religion of the Ottoman Empire was Islām. Ataturk removed Islām as the official religion and replaced the laws with Western ones, based on the Italian and Swiss systems.
3. Ataturk banned the position and influence of the Shaykh-ul-Islām.
4. He removed the Islāmic inheritance distribution system.
5. He forbade Nikāḥ done according to Islāmic principles and the ‘Iddah period for women before being able to remarry.
6. He criminalized wearing the ḥijāb.
7. Before Ataturk, oaths in government offices were sworn in the name of Allāh. He changed this, and made government officials swear oaths in the name of Turkey and himself.
8. The regime of Ataturk forbade circumcision for boys. This ban was lifted.
9. Ataturk prohibited the use of Arabic during Jumu’ah and ‘Īd.
10. The Shahādah was removed from military flags.
11. He stopped the Imāms from advising and encouraging soldiers.
12. Lecture halls were shut down so that people would not learn about Islām.
13. The Masājid were decorated with Islāmic calligraphy of the names of Allāh Ta’ālā, Rasūlullāh ﷺ and the ṣaḥābah raḍiyallāhu ‘anhum. All of this was removed except from within the Hagia Sophia. This is because the plates were too huge to be taken out via the main entrance.
14. Historical places that had engravings or carvings of the Noble Qur’ān were destroyed.
15. Ataturk removed the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, which resembles the Arabic alphabet, and put the Latin alphabet in its place.
16. Lessons of the Noble Qur’ān were banned. No-one was allowed to recite the Noble Qur’ān in Arabic. ‘Ulamā fled to the mountains, farms, and other deserted areas to teach the Noble Qur’ān.
17. Ataturk changed the Adhān to Turkish. For 18 years, the Adhān was called out in Turkish. Instead of the word ‘Allāh,’ the word ‘Tanri’ was used.
18. It was forbidden to sell or distribute books on Islām.
19. He turned the Hagia Sophia Masjid into a Museum, earning the curses of Sultān Muḥammad Al-Fātiḥ raḥimahullāh. Ṣalāh in it was prohibited until recently, when it was re-opened as a Masjid, Alḥamdulillāh.
20. Ataturk turned the Masājid into stables and sties. Some Masājid were turned into pubs, casinos, and hotels for the military.
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