The #Righteous during World War Two
Egyptan Dr. Mohammed Helmy saved a Jewish family in Berlin from death in the Holocaust 1/n Mohamed Helmy was an Egyptian doctor who lived in Berlin and hid several Jews during the Holocaust. He was honoured by Israel's Yad Vashem
2/n Holocaust memorial as "Righteous Among the Nations" – the highest honor given to a non-Jew for risking great personal dangers to rescue Jews from the Nazis' gas chambers.
Helmy was born in 1901 in Khartoum, in what was then Egypt and is now Sudan, to an Egyptian father and a
3/n German mother. He came to Berlin in 1922 to study medicine and worked as a urologist until 1938, when Germany banned him from the public health system because he was not considered Aryan, said Martina Voigt, the German historian, who conducted research on Helmy.
4/n When the Nazis began deporting Jews, he hid 21-year-old Anna Boros, a family friend, at a cabin on the outskirts of the city, and provided her relatives with medical care. After Boros' relatives admitted to Nazi interrogators that he was hiding her, he arranged for her
5/n to hide at an acquaintance's house before authorities could inspect the cabin. The four family members survived the war and immigrated to the U.S. Letters expressing their gratitude to their rescuer were uncovered in the Berlin archives, and were submitted to Yad Vashem
6/n After the war, Helmy picked up his work as a physician again and married Emmi. The couple had been unable to marry during the Nazi era because of the race laws in place. Helmy stayed in West Berlin where he worked as a doctor until his death in 1982.
7/7 Mohamed Helmy and his wife Emmi Helmy (right) in Berlin during a visit of Anna Boros (second from left) and her daughter Carla in 1969.
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@AuschwitzMuseum 1/n The second mass deportation that left Westerbork for Auschwitz-Birkenau departed on July 16, 1942. Historian Houwink ten Cate claims that the transport was compiled in a hurry, because a transport from France had not departed as planned and Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler
@AuschwitzMuseum 2/n was about to visit the extermination camp on July 17 and 18.
The deportation list list reveals that at least 586 men, women and children were deported from Westerbork to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Whole families were on the transport.
@AuschwitzMuseum 3/n The youngest deportee, Alida Baruch, had just turned six months when she was shipped away. The oldest deportee was born in 1879, which is distinctly above the average age of deportees. Like with the one before, also with this transport many German Jews were deported.
Oswald Bosko, policeman from Vienna.
When the Krakow ghetto was dissolved in 1943, he saved small Jewish children from murder. He hid them in sacks & carried them out of the ghetto. The Nazis found out in 1944 & murdered him. Bosko is named "Righteous Among the Nations" 1/n 🧵
2/n Bouska (called in some sources Bosko) was a police sergeant in a high-ranking position in the unit assigned to the Krakow ghetto. By the time of his deployment he was a fervent Nazi, but when he saw the treatment of the Jews, he was soon disenchanted and became known for his
3/n fair treatment of Jews, and for turning a blind eye when food was smuggled in from outside the ghetto. He even allowed the escape of some Jews who were to be deported. One of Bouska’s friends was Julius Madritsch (recognized as Righteous Among the Nations), manager of a
The story of the Apeldoornsche Bosch 1/n Jewish psychiatric institution 'The Apeldoornsche Bosch' has gone down in history as a location where a terrible war drama took place. On January 22, 2023 it was 80 years since the institution was evacuated by the Germans in World War II.
2/n More than 1300 Jews were taken to Auschwitz, where they were murdered. The Apeldoornsche Bosch was a Jewish psychiatric institution, located on the Zutphensestreet in Apeldoorn from 1909 to 1943. At first it seemed that the Nazis would leave Apeldoornsche Bosch alone.
3/n That is why the institution in Apeldoorn was also called 'Jews' heaven'. On Wednesday, January 20, 1943, the Ordedienst of Camp Westerbork appeared. A freight train with 40 wagons was prepared at Apeldoorn station. Half of the staff fled that night and went into hiding.
Stefania Podgórska grew up in a Catholic farming family. She began working in a store owned by the Jewish couple Lea and Izaak Diamant in Przemyśl in 1938.
2/n In 1939 the Wehrmacht occupied parts of Przemyśl, taking over the whole city in June 1941. Lea and Izaak Diamant were persecuted and had to move into the ghetto with their three sons in 1942. Stefania Podgórska defied a ban to take food
Stefania with her sister Helena, 1943
3/n to her former employers in the ghetto, until they were deported in 1943.
Stefania Podgórska found a hiding place for Maksymilian, one of the Diamants’ sons, in the attic of a vacant house. She and her seven-year-old sister Helena moved
1/n On October 7, 1944, prisoners assigned to Crematorium IV at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center rebel after learning that they were going to be killed.
For months, young Jewish women, like Ester Wajcblum, Ala Gärtner, & Regina Safirsztain, had been smuggling small amounts
2/n of gunpowder from the Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke, a munitions factory within the Auschwitz complex, to men and women in the camp’s resistance movement, like Róza Robota, a young Jewish woman who worked in the clothing detail at Birkenau. Under constant guard, the women in
3/n the factory took small amounts of the gunpowder, wrapped it in bits of cloth or paper, hid it on their bodies, and then passed it along the smuggling chain. Once she received the gunpowder, Róza Robota then passed it to her co-conspirators in the Sonderkommando, the special
Miep Gies (Februari 15, 1909 – Januari 11, 2010) 1/n Miep was born in 1909, in Vienna. During World War One, when she was very young, she didn’t have enough food and as a result, Miep often became ill.
In 1920 a Dutch family offered to look after her and help her get better.
2/n Miep’s parents thought that this was the best thing for her and that Holland would be a safe place for her to be.
When she was older, Miep started working for a Jewish man called Otto Frank.
Otto had moved to Holland from Germany in the 1930s with
3/n his wife Edith and daughters Margot and Anne. Germany had become dangerous for Jews and Otto thought Holland would be safer.
Jewish people across Europe were being treated unfairly and were losing many of their rights.
Otto Frank, Miep, her husband Jan and their son Paul.