The #Righteous during World War Two
Egyptan Dr. Mohammed Helmy saved a Jewish family in Berlin from death in the Holocaust 1/n Mohamed Helmy was an Egyptian doctor who lived in Berlin and hid several Jews during the Holocaust. He was honoured by Israel's Yad Vashem
2/n Holocaust memorial as "Righteous Among the Nations" – the highest honor given to a non-Jew for risking great personal dangers to rescue Jews from the Nazis' gas chambers.
Helmy was born in 1901 in Khartoum, in what was then Egypt and is now Sudan, to an Egyptian father and a
3/n German mother. He came to Berlin in 1922 to study medicine and worked as a urologist until 1938, when Germany banned him from the public health system because he was not considered Aryan, said Martina Voigt, the German historian, who conducted research on Helmy.
4/n When the Nazis began deporting Jews, he hid 21-year-old Anna Boros, a family friend, at a cabin on the outskirts of the city, and provided her relatives with medical care. After Boros' relatives admitted to Nazi interrogators that he was hiding her, he arranged for her
5/n to hide at an acquaintance's house before authorities could inspect the cabin. The four family members survived the war and immigrated to the U.S. Letters expressing their gratitude to their rescuer were uncovered in the Berlin archives, and were submitted to Yad Vashem
6/n After the war, Helmy picked up his work as a physician again and married Emmi. The couple had been unable to marry during the Nazi era because of the race laws in place. Helmy stayed in West Berlin where he worked as a doctor until his death in 1982.
7/7 Mohamed Helmy and his wife Emmi Helmy (right) in Berlin during a visit of Anna Boros (second from left) and her daughter Carla in 1969.
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1/n Richard Stern enlisted in the German Army as a teenager and was awarded the prestigious Iron Cross for his distinguished service during World War I.
Later, Hitler would send the Hanseatic Cross to Stern for his war merit not realizing Stern was a Jew.
2/n Starting in 1927, Stern looked after his sister Martha and became the legal guardian of her son Rudolf.
On April 1, 1933 the day Nazis launched the boycott of Jewish owned businesses, there is a famous image taken of Stern in front of his Cologne bedding store.
3/n He is wearing his Iron Cross next to the Nazi guard there to prevent Germans from entering.
Stern arrived in the United States as the age of 40 in 1939. He lived in Queens and worked as a bus boy. On October 13, 1942, still not a citizen and at the age of 43 he enlisted in
1/2
“You’ve known for a long time that my greatest wish is to be a journalist, and later on, a famous writer. We’ll have to wait and see if these grand illusions (or delusions!) will ever come true, but till now I’ve had no lack of topics.
2/2
In any case, after the war I’d like to publish a book called The Secret Annex. It remains to be seen whether I’ll succeed, but my diary can serve as the basis.”
Anne Frank
Diary, 11 May 1944
3/ Anne's wish came true on 25 June 1947 when her book was published:
“The Secret Annex. Diary letters from 14 June 1942 - 1 August 1944”.
3,000 copies were printed for the first edition.
“I... saw our books fly into the twitching flames and heard the corny little tirade of the wily little liar. Funeral weather hung over the town. It was disgusting."
Erich Kästner about the book burning on Berlin's Opernplatz on May 10, 1933
2/n on May 10, 1933, university students burned over 25,000 volumes of “un-German” books, presaging an era of state censorship & control of culture. On the evening of May 10, in most university towns, right-wing students marched in
3/n torchlight parades “against the un-German spirit.”
The scripted rituals called for high Nazi officials, professors, university rectors, and university student leaders to address the participants and spectators.
At the meeting places, students threw the pillaged & “unwanted”
OTD, May 9, 1945, Theresienstadt was liberated
"For us the victory had come too late, much too late" 1/n When liberation came to Thereisenstadt, many hardly noticed. One moment the SS guards were there, and then they disappeared. “Our prison guards left us without a stir”,
2/n wrote Käthe Stark, “of which we were completely unaware.” Only a few days later, when the Red Army troops arrived, did the inmates really feel that they had been liberated. Yet for many survivors liberation was too much to bear. In an interview, one of the pioneers of
3/n recording Holocaust testimony, in 1946, Nechama Epstein-Kozlowski, a Polish Jew who had endured a succession of ghettos and camps, explained how liberation did not mean the end of her grief:
‘I didn’t have anybody, all alone. All night I lay and cried, “What will I do now?
February 18, 1943 1/n Hans Scholl and his sister Sophie (born 9 May 1921) , the leaders of the German youth group Weisse Rose (White Rose), are arrested by the Gestapo for opposing the Nazi regime.
2/n The White Rose was composed of university (mostly medical) students who spoke out against Adolf Hitler and his regime. The founder, Hans Scholl, was a former member of Hitler Youth who grew disenchanted with Nazi ideology once its real aims became evident.
3/n As a student at the University of Munich in 1940-41, he met two Catholic men of letters who redirected his life. Turning from medicine to religion, philosophy, and arts, Scholl gathered around him like-minded friends who also despised the Nazis, and the White Rose was born.
Carl Lutz - The Swiss man who saved tens of thousands of Jews 1/n Carl Lutz (30 Mar 1895 – 12 Feb 1975) was a Swiss diplomat who served as Vice-Consul in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of the war. He is credited with saving over 62,000 Jews in a large rescue operation
2/n Lutz arrived in Budapest in January 1942 as Swiss vice-consul, and was put in charge of representing the Unites States, Great Britain, and other countries that had cut off ties with Hungary.
Weeks after the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, they began deporting Jews to
3/n Extermination Camps.
Lutz tried to persuade the Hungarians to stop the deportations. Lutz issued four group certificates of aliya, each for 1,000 persons. It was Lutz who issued these because, as Swiss Consul, he represented British interests in Hungary, including issues