The #Righteous during World War Two
Egyptan Dr. Mohammed Helmy saved a Jewish family in Berlin from death in the Holocaust 1/n Mohamed Helmy was an Egyptian doctor who lived in Berlin and hid several Jews during the Holocaust. He was honoured by Israel's Yad Vashem
2/n Holocaust memorial as "Righteous Among the Nations" – the highest honor given to a non-Jew for risking great personal dangers to rescue Jews from the Nazis' gas chambers.
Helmy was born in 1901 in Khartoum, in what was then Egypt and is now Sudan, to an Egyptian father and a
3/n German mother. He came to Berlin in 1922 to study medicine and worked as a urologist until 1938, when Germany banned him from the public health system because he was not considered Aryan, said Martina Voigt, the German historian, who conducted research on Helmy.
4/n When the Nazis began deporting Jews, he hid 21-year-old Anna Boros, a family friend, at a cabin on the outskirts of the city, and provided her relatives with medical care. After Boros' relatives admitted to Nazi interrogators that he was hiding her, he arranged for her
5/n to hide at an acquaintance's house before authorities could inspect the cabin. The four family members survived the war and immigrated to the U.S. Letters expressing their gratitude to their rescuer were uncovered in the Berlin archives, and were submitted to Yad Vashem
6/n After the war, Helmy picked up his work as a physician again and married Emmi. The couple had been unable to marry during the Nazi era because of the race laws in place. Helmy stayed in West Berlin where he worked as a doctor until his death in 1982.
7/7 Mohamed Helmy and his wife Emmi Helmy (right) in Berlin during a visit of Anna Boros (second from left) and her daughter Carla in 1969.
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#OTD Camp Vught - the children's transports 1/n On 6 June 1943, the first transport of children to Sobibór departed from Camp Vught in The Netherlands.
1300 children were sent to the gas chambers.
2/n In Camp Vught the children had already had a hard time. Children over the age of four were placed in separate barracks and rarely saw their parents, if at all. This was very hard for the children. Some children became rowdy, others very ill. Various contagious diseases were
3/n prevalent in the barracks.
At the beginning of June there were rumors that all children had to leave the camp. Indeed, on 5 June 1943, the management of camp Vught announced that almost 1300 Jewish children had to leave the camp.
1/n On February 20, 1943, David Olère was arrested by French police, during a round up and placed in Drancy internment camp. On March 2, 1943, he was one of 1,000 Jews deported from Drancy to Auschwitz. From this transport, Olère was one of 119 people selected for work; the rest
2/n were gassed shortly after arrival. He was registered as prisoner 106144 and assigned to the Sonderkommando at Birkenau, the unit of prisoners forced to empty gas chambers and burn the bodies, firstly working in Bunker 2, later in Crematorium III.
In addition to these duties,
3/n he was also forced to work as an illustrator, writing and decorating letters for the SS.
Olère remained at Auschwitz until January 19, 1945, when he was taken on the evacuation death march, eventually reaching Mauthausen concentration camp, then the Melk and Ebensee subcamps
1/n The Auschwitz Album is the only surviving visual evidence of the process leading to the mass murder at Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is a unique document, donated to Yad Vashem by Lilly Jacob-Zelmanovic Meier.
The date of this transport's arrival was the morning of May 26, 1944.
2/n Taken either by Ernst Hofmann or by Bernhard Walter, two SS men whose task was to take ID photos & fingerprints of the inmates (not of Jews who were sent directly to the gas chambers). The photos show the arrival of Hungarian Jews from Carpatho-Ruthenia. Many of them came
4/n from the Berehovo Ghetto, which was a collecting point from several small towns. Early summer 1944 was the apex of the deportation of Hungarian Jewry. For this purpose a special rail line was extended from the railway station outside the camp to a ramp inside Auschwitz
The Village Idiot 1/n Anton Sukhinski lived on the edge of society in the town of Zborow, Poland; no friends, no family; his home a rundown shack.
The townspeople called him “the village idiot”.
When the Nazis came, they immediately killed 1000 Jewish men, and herded the
2/n remaining Jews into a ghetto.
Amidst this chaos was the Zeiger family, just a mom and dad with two little boys, and two orphans they were attempting to save. They turned to their former neighbors for help, but could not find one willing soul.
3/n That is until they found Anton. Although physically a very small man, he gladly dug a pit large enough to hold the family of six beneath his shack. The Zeigers would live there with only the light of a small kerosene lamp for nine months.
The Day in Jewish History the Jewish Community of Crete was Lost at Sea
🧵1/n
At dawn on May 20, 1944, the Jews of Crete were arrested by the German army of occupation. Most of them lived in the Jewish quarter, in the Old Town of Chania, and were taken to the prisons of Agia.
2/n They were held there in inhumane conditions, as described by their (non-Jewish/Christian) friends who tried to contact them. Many had nothing to wear other than the clothes they were in at the time of their arrest.
3/n From Agyia they were transported to Heraklion by trucks. They were then forced to board the Nazi-flagged commandeered ship Tanais, which also contained local resistance fighters and Italian prisoners of war.
1/n Richard Stern enlisted in the German Army as a teenager and was awarded the prestigious Iron Cross for his distinguished service during World War I.
Later, Hitler would send the Hanseatic Cross to Stern for his war merit not realizing Stern was a Jew.
2/n Starting in 1927, Stern looked after his sister Martha and became the legal guardian of her son Rudolf.
On April 1, 1933 the day Nazis launched the boycott of Jewish owned businesses, there is a famous image taken of Stern in front of his Cologne bedding store.
3/n He is wearing his Iron Cross next to the Nazi guard there to prevent Germans from entering.
Stern arrived in the United States as the age of 40 in 1939. He lived in Queens and worked as a bus boy. On October 13, 1942, still not a citizen and at the age of 43 he enlisted in