The #Righteous during World War Two
Egyptan Dr. Mohammed Helmy saved a Jewish family in Berlin from death in the Holocaust 1/n Mohamed Helmy was an Egyptian doctor who lived in Berlin and hid several Jews during the Holocaust. He was honoured by Israel's Yad Vashem
2/n Holocaust memorial as "Righteous Among the Nations" – the highest honor given to a non-Jew for risking great personal dangers to rescue Jews from the Nazis' gas chambers.
Helmy was born in 1901 in Khartoum, in what was then Egypt and is now Sudan, to an Egyptian father and a
3/n German mother. He came to Berlin in 1922 to study medicine and worked as a urologist until 1938, when Germany banned him from the public health system because he was not considered Aryan, said Martina Voigt, the German historian, who conducted research on Helmy.
4/n When the Nazis began deporting Jews, he hid 21-year-old Anna Boros, a family friend, at a cabin on the outskirts of the city, and provided her relatives with medical care. After Boros' relatives admitted to Nazi interrogators that he was hiding her, he arranged for her
5/n to hide at an acquaintance's house before authorities could inspect the cabin. The four family members survived the war and immigrated to the U.S. Letters expressing their gratitude to their rescuer were uncovered in the Berlin archives, and were submitted to Yad Vashem
6/n After the war, Helmy picked up his work as a physician again and married Emmi. The couple had been unable to marry during the Nazi era because of the race laws in place. Helmy stayed in West Berlin where he worked as a doctor until his death in 1982.
7/7 Mohamed Helmy and his wife Emmi Helmy (right) in Berlin during a visit of Anna Boros (second from left) and her daughter Carla in 1969.
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The Diary of Miriam Korber 1/n Miriam Korber lived with her family in Bukovina, a province of Romania. During World War II, her family was deported to Transnistria by the Romanian government, which was allied with Nazi Germany and had similar anti-Jewish policies.
2/n The conditions under which the deportees traveled were harsh. Miriam’s grandparents were also forced to leave, but they were only able to make part of the journey. Due to their advanced age, they were left behind in Mogilev along with many other elderly Jews.
3/n Miriam was very close to her grandparents and wrote about them with sorrow on February 16th, 1942.
“Our grandparents died. They reached the end of their lives one after the other in Mogilev.
Miriam Korber together with her sister, Sisi, and their mother Miriam Bercovici.
Eric Schwab, photographing the unspeakable
🧵 1/n
As the Allies liberated German death camps, a Jewish photographer followed course in search for his mother
2/n One-time fashion photographer and having escaped as a prisoner from a train bound for Germany, later joining the Resistance, Eric Schwab was one of the first photographers to work for AFP after it was refounded in August 1944 in a liberated Paris.
3/n As a war correspondent, he follows the Allied troops as they advance, becoming a witness to the horrors discovered as the forces progressively liberate the German death camps.
A painful quest to find his mother drives him.
Liberation? France
🧵 1/n
The occupation of France in 1940 led to the establishment of Nazi repression structures on French territory. From 1941 and faced with the failure of traditional forms of repression and in particular the shooting of hostages, a regular flow of deportees
2/n from France was sent to the concentration camps of the Third Reich.
The total figure until 1945 of the population deported from repression from France is today estimated at 86,827 people.
This form of deportation mainly affects Jews. More than 75,000 Jews were transported in
3/n this way until August 1944, most of them awaited certain death in the gas chambers. They then join the common lot of the deportees, in the concentration camps promised to a slow elimination by the work. By 1945, only 3% will stiil be alive.
Inge Auerbacher's doll 1/n When she was two years old, her grandmother gifted her with a very popular blonde-haired, blue-eyed Aryan doll that she named Marlene.
2/n Inge was the only child of Berthold and Regina Auerbacher. The Auerbachers were religious Jews who lived in Kippenheim, a village in southwest Germany near the Black Forest. Inge's father was a textile merchant.
3/n 1933-39: On November 10, 1938, violent rioters threw stones at the house where Inge lived and broke all the windows. On the same day, police arrested her father and grandfather. Inge, her mother and her grandmother were able to hide in a shed until it was quiet.
1/n Following their seizure of power, the National Socialists drove Jewish students out of the public schools. The measures to affect this were introduced via the “Statute to combat the overcrowding of German Schools and Universities” promulgated on April 25, 1933. Under this law
2/n the number of children of “non-Aryan” descent attending a school was capped at 5 percent. In the case of new enrollments, the percentage allowed was reduced to just 1.5 percent. At first, primary schools were excluded. Following the November Pogroms, it was completely
3/n forbidden for Jewish students to attend public schools. On 15 November 1938, the Nazi state Ministry for Science & Education issued an order stating that "...it is unacceptable to expect that any German teacher provide instruction to Jewish schoolchildren. It should also be
GENA TURGEL
🧵 1/n
was marched into an Auschwitz gas chamber...
and walked out alive.
Later, she tended Anne Frank at Bergen-Belsen.
She even got married there...
Photo: Gena Turgel, 'The Bride of Belsen'
2/n Gena Turgel (née Goldfinger 1923-2018) was 16 when the Nazis bombed her town of Kraków, Poland, in September 1939. Two years later, she, her mother and 4 of her 9 siblings moved to the ghetto, with only a sack of potatoes, flour and a few personal belongings. One brother was
3/n shot by the SS in the ghetto; another was never seen again. A sister and her husband were shot after being caught trying to smuggle food. In the winter of 1944, Gena and her surviving family members were moved from Plaszov to Auschwitz-Birkenau.