Although the Byzantine Empire was the stalwart defender of Orthodox Christianity, its emperors nonetheless strongly believed in prophecies and superstitions.
The most famous of these was the AIMA (or BLOOD in Greek) prophecy.
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In a nutshell, the prophecy stated that the first letter of the emperors' names in the Komnenian Dynasty should formulate the word «αίμα» (blood).
Indeed, the first three emperors of the dynasty were Alexios I, Ioannis II and Manuel I.
Their names formed the word «AIM»
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Manuel I was a trong-willed and superstitious emperor.
Though the 4th child of Ioannis II, he rose to the throne eventually and saw the hand of fate everywhere.
Indicatively, he once delayed the Battle of Sirmium in 1167 against the Mayars ... upon an astrologer's omen.
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Manuel would go to great lengths to fulfil this prophecy.
He just needed one more letter - "A".
Initially, he betrothed his daughter from his first marriage, Maria Komnene, to the future King of Hungary, Béla III, and forced the latter to be baptized as Alexios.
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Subsequently, he baptized the son from his second marriage (with Maria of Antioch) as Alexios and crowned him co-emperor (though a 2-year old infant) in 1171.
Alexios II did eventually succeed his father as a minor in 1180 and, at at face value, consummated the prophecy.
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But there was a plot twist ...
Alexios II was overthrown by his uncle, Andronikos I, in 1183.
The reign of Andronikos, whose name started with "A", proved a catastrophe for the empire and ended with his own murder.
Οι Χωραμμίτες αποτελούν ένα άκρως ενδιαφέρον, πλην όμως βραχύβιο και άγνωστο, κεφάλαιο της ιστορίας του Βυζαντίου.
Η ιστορία τους αρχίζει κατά τη βασιλεία του Αυτοκράτορα Θεόφιλου - της επονομαζόμενης Φρυγικής Δυναστείας ή Δυναστείας του Αμορίου.
Οι Χωραμμίτες (Khorram-Dīnân ή "οι της Χαρούμενης Θρησκείας" στα Περσικά) αποτελούσαν μια αίρεση του Σιιτικού Ισλάμ με τις ρίζες της στο ζωροαστρικό κίνημα του Mazdak.
Η αίρεση αυτή αναπτύχθηκε στο Ιρανικό Αζερμπαϊτζάν (η Ατροπατηνή Μηδία της Αρχαιότητας) κατά τον 9ο αιώνα.
Οι Χωραμμίτες εξεγέρθηκαν κατά του Χαλιφάτου των Αββασιδών αλλά ηττήθηκαν κατά κράτος από τον Χαλίφη al-Muʿtaṣim το 838 μ.Χ.
Ως εκ τούτου, οι εναπομείναντες 14.000 άνδρες κατέφυγαν στο Βυζάντιο ως ικέτες.
Και ο Αυτοκράτωρ Θεόφιλος υπεδέχθη τους βετεράνους αυτούς εγκαρδίως.
The centuries-old Arab-Byzantine conflict gave birth, among others, in two epics - the Digenis Akritas (Greek) and Sirat al-Amīra Dhāt al-Himma (Arabic) - that narrate the exploits of cross-faith and cross-race warriors.
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The most well-known figure of these cross-faith and -race heroes amongst Byzantinists is (Vasileios) Digenis Akritas.
As his two names indicate, he is a mixed-race (Διγενής) frontier warrior (Ακριτας) in the service of the Byzantine (Christian) Emperor.
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His father is an Arab, an emir of Syria (Mousour), and his mother a Greek, a daughter of a theme strategos (Andronikos Doukas).
During one of the annual raids (razzia) in Anatolia, the emir kidnaps the lady.
Then the lady's five brothers campaign in Syria to rescue her.
Leo the Mathematician or Philosopher (Λέων ὁ Μαθηματικός ή Φιλόσοφος) was a distinguished Greek/Armenian scholar who associated himself with the Macedonian Renaissance (Μακεδονική Αναγέννηση).
Hope on for a travel back in time!
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Leo was a cousin of John Grammaticus (Ιωάννης Ζ΄ Γραμματικός) - the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 837 and 843 AD.
The patriarch originated from the Armenian noble house of the Muratsan (or Maratswots) and this explains Leo's partly Armenian ancestry.
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Leo as a youngster was invited by the patriarch in Constantinople for studies.
Oddly enough, he opted for a secular curriculum in the "Γραικών γράμματα" ("letters of the Greeks"): Poetry, Rhetoric, Philosophy etc.
However, he never completed his studies in the "City".