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Jun 18, 2023 8 tweets 4 min read Read on X
The forgotten story of #Tamil's perished in the construction of 415km Siam(Thailand)–Burma Railway. During World War-II, Japan captured Thailand, to go forward into Burma, they built a railway using POW & indentured labor incl Malaysian plantation Tamil. Overall >1 Lakh died 1/4 Image
On 14th Dec 1941 Japan took control of Siam(Thailand), wanting to capture Burma and parts of India. To help move their Army, they started a 415km railway. Construction began in 15 Sep 1942 in Burma, involving >2.5lakh poor labor from Burma, Thailand and Malaysian Tamil's 2/4 Image
Japanese used somewhere between 40000 to 90000 poor plantation Tamils, luring them with the false promise of high wages. But the disease and tough work environment killed 16000 to 40000 Tamil's. The story and the blood of Coolie Tamils between 1850 to 1950 is forgotten 3/4 Image
This project is an engineering marvel built in the deep jungles of Thailand and Burma. It was completed in 25 Oct 1943. This 415km long railway line with >600 bridges, some are built across large rivers. The complex railway line built within the record time of 15 months 4/4 Image
Recently, I had an informal conversation in a podcast about the story of Tamil Coolies who migrated out of Tamil nadu from 1828 to 1950. Part-3 is out, listen in 0.8X speed, i did not realized, I was talking faster. open.spotify.com/episode/37Jd0I…
Interview of Arumugam Kandasamy who survived the Railway project. I hope more record these interesting stories/historical record before they disappear
This video shows relatives of perished Tamils making a trip to the site after 70+yrs to remember loved ones
In the railway project, ~60000 White prisoners of war were involved by the Japanese in that ~12000 perished. Also ~2.5+ lakh indentured labor incl the >50000 Tamil labor also involved. In that ~90000 died. Railway museum in Thailand is dedicated to White POW but labour ignored ImageImage

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More from @TNGeography

Oct 1, 2025
Tamil Nadu boasts many interesting physical geographical features within its 1,30,058 sqkm surface area. This thread🧵 list few of them
1. Let's start with Podhigai hills, forms the core of Tamil's history, it is home to five headed mountain peak called Ainthalai Podhigai 1/n Image
2. Theri Kaadu, an red sand dune desert like feature. spread across Thoothukudi, Nellai, and Kanyakumari districts. British planted many Cashew & Palm trees to stop the movement of Theri sands 2/n
Varanavasi Badlands (near Fossil Museum) in Ariyalur dt, the sedimentary rock formation that has largest collection of marine fossils in India that belong to Cretaceous period (6.5Cr yrs before). It is a wonder above and below the ground 3/n
Read 59 tweets
Sep 23, 2025
In the Navaratri session, many in northern India are fasting with Sabudana(Javvarisi/Sago) diet, Sago consumption peaks in India. Salem district in Tamil Nadu is called Sabudana/Sago capital of India, 80% of Sago comes from here 1/4
📷- Sago factory, Salem
Sabudana/Sago is used as a stable food in China for millennia, where it is made from Sago plants. But in India, Sago's are made from Tapioca(cassava). Tapioca was introduced to India(Kerala) during 1860's as a famine food, Sago is introduced to India in the early 20th century 2/4 Image
The first Sago factory in India started in Salem in the early 1940's. Tapioca from Kerala is brought to Salem to make Sabudana. In the early 2000's, TN govt financially funded the industry as a sago cluster. Now, it is grown into a bigger industry with high-tech machines 3/4 Image
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Read 4 tweets
Aug 24, 2025
Kyrgyzstan govt called-off the rescue operation to rescue 47yr old Russian female mountaineer Natalia Nagovitsyna. She broke her leg on 12 Aug & got stuck at 7150m height during her Snow Leopard Expedition to Jengish Chokusu peak (7439m) in the Tian Shan range of Kyrgyzstan🧵1/5 Image
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Snow leopard award is given to a mountaineer who climbed all five 7000+m peaks of former Soviet Union. Three peaks are in Pamir range & two are in Tian-Shan range. Natalia lost her husband Sergei on 2021 at 7000m height while climbing Khan Tengri peak 2/5 Image
In this month, Natalia was climbing Victory peak(Jengish Chokusu) in Kyrgyzstan with two other, at 7150m while trying to save her teammate she broke her leg. It is difficult to carry someone in this peak due to tough 3km final trek. Her teammate came down to get rescue team 3/5 Image
Read 8 tweets
Aug 16, 2025
Everyone should know about the basic details of their state budget. In this thread, I am going to compare the budget of southern states(2024-25 & 2025-26).
Good budget will have zero revenue deficit, that is money required to just run the govt should be less than the revenue 1/7 Image
Total budget & paying back the existing debt, last yr (2024-25) numbers are in bracket, (in lakh Cr)
State-Total budget-Debt paid
1. TN- 4.86L Cr(4.4 L Cr)-0.47 L Cr(0.41)
2.KA- 4.09(3.66)- 0.26(0.25)
3.AP- 3.22(2.7)- 0.24(0.25)
4.TG-3 (2.6)-0.2(0.18)
5. Kl-3.1(2.8)-1.1 (1.1) 2/7 Image
Now, lets talk about revenue expenditure, it is the money spent to just run the govt incl paying back existing commitment like welfare..etc
State-Revenue Expenditure(in lakh Cr)
1. TN-3.73L Cr(3.4 L Cr in 2024-45)
2. KA- 3.12(2.84)
3. AP-2.5(2.2)
4. TG-2.3 (2)
5. KL-1.8(1.6) 3/7 Image
Read 11 tweets
Jul 31, 2025
Cauvery has a basin area of 81155 sqkm, in that 66% of the catchment (1.32 Cr acres) is occupied by farmlands, 41 lakh acre(20%) occupied by forests that holds 23% of India's Tiger & Elephant population, 9 lakh acres of built-up area. Tiruppur dt has the native grasslands 1/3 Image
Cauvery basin has only 16636 sqkm of forest, but they are one of the most eco-diverse forest in the world with many endemic species. They hold 8 national parks, UNESCO bio-sphere reserve, 24 wildlife sanctuaries, 6 Tiger reserves, 8 Bird Sanctuaries, Ramsar sites, Mangroves 2/3 Image
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Cauvery basin has an dams (excluding lakes) with capacity of 320 TMC. Cauvery is a multi monsoon river, where portion of the basin receive SWM, other portion receive NEM monsoon, so the existing storage help to utilize 100% of her average flow. Cauvery is a eco-diverse river 3/3 Image
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Read 4 tweets
Jun 8, 2025
Tamil's live as a refugee's across the World, ignored by the system. One such community live in the Katchal island of Nicobar Islands in the Andaman & Nicobar. As per Shastri-Srimavo pact, families of Sri Lankan Indian Tamils were resettled in the Rubber plantation of Katchal 1/4
When Govt. of India resettle the Tamil's in Katchal, they didnot de-notify the tribal areas, their region were under the ANPAT act(Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956), it meant, they neither can own these lands nor can start a business 2/4 Image
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The management of Rubber Board in Katchal was transferred to local A&N UT admin in the 1980's, it was shut down in 2000's, most Tamil's lost the important livelihood. They donot own anything, except the estate given dilapidated hut. ANPAT law, restrict their livelihood 3/4 Image
Read 8 tweets

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