Tamil Nadu boasts many interesting physical geographical features within its 1,30,058 sqkm surface area. This thread🧵 list few of them
1. Let's start with Podhigai hills, forms the core of Tamil's history, it is home to five headed mountain peak called Ainthalai Podhigai 1/n 2. Theri Kaadu, an red sand dune desert like feature. spread across Thoothukudi, Nellai, and Kanyakumari districts. British planted many Cashew & Palm trees to stop the movement of Theri sands 2/n

In the Navaratri session, many in northern India are fasting with Sabudana(Javvarisi/Sago) diet, Sago consumption peaks in India. Salem district in Tamil Nadu is called Sabudana/Sago capital of India, 80% of Sago comes from here 1/4
📷- Sago factory, Salem
Sabudana/Sago is used as a stable food in China for millennia, where it is made from Sago plants. But in India, Sago's are made from Tapioca(cassava). Tapioca was introduced to India(Kerala) during 1860's as a famine food, Sago is introduced to India in the early 20th century 2/4

Kyrgyzstan govt called-off the rescue operation to rescue 47yr old Russian female mountaineer Natalia Nagovitsyna. She broke her leg on 12 Aug & got stuck at 7150m height during her Snow Leopard Expedition to Jengish Chokusu peak (7439m) in the Tian Shan range of Kyrgyzstan🧵1/5
Snow leopard award is given to a mountaineer who climbed all five 7000+m peaks of former Soviet Union. Three peaks are in Pamir range & two are in Tian-Shan range. Natalia lost her husband Sergei on 2021 at 7000m height while climbing Khan Tengri peak 2/5

Everyone should know about the basic details of their state budget. In this thread, I am going to compare the budget of southern states(2024-25 & 2025-26).
Good budget will have zero revenue deficit, that is money required to just run the govt should be less than the revenue 1/7 Total budget & paying back the existing debt, last yr (2024-25) numbers are in bracket, (in lakh Cr)
State-Total budget-Debt paid
1. TN- 4.86L Cr(4.4 L Cr)-0.47 L Cr(0.41)
2.KA- 4.09(3.66)- 0.26(0.25)
3.AP- 3.22(2.7)- 0.24(0.25)
4.TG-3 (2.6)-0.2(0.18)
5. Kl-3.1(2.8)-1.1 (1.1) 2/7

Cauvery has a basin area of 81155 sqkm, in that 66% of the catchment (1.32 Cr acres) is occupied by farmlands, 41 lakh acre(20%) occupied by forests that holds 23% of India's Tiger & Elephant population, 9 lakh acres of built-up area. Tiruppur dt has the native grasslands 1/3 Cauvery basin has only 16636 sqkm of forest, but they are one of the most eco-diverse forest in the world with many endemic species. They hold 8 national parks, UNESCO bio-sphere reserve, 24 wildlife sanctuaries, 6 Tiger reserves, 8 Bird Sanctuaries, Ramsar sites, Mangroves 2/3

Tamil's live as a refugee's across the World, ignored by the system. One such community live in the Katchal island of Nicobar Islands in the Andaman & Nicobar. As per Shastri-Srimavo pact, families of Sri Lankan Indian Tamils were resettled in the Rubber plantation of Katchal 1/4 When Govt. of India resettle the Tamil's in Katchal, they didnot de-notify the tribal areas, their region were under the ANPAT act(Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956), it meant, they neither can own these lands nor can start a business 2/4

I had visited few DRDO labs, have many friends there. Out of 50+ DRDO labs, 35+ are useless. GTRE is considered worst lab in DRDO. If you want country to be self-sufficient in cutting-edge defense system, please dismantle DRDO, it is next to impossible to change its culture 1/n

https://twitter.com/UpdatesChennai/status/1926984034577510826

Many things in DRDO flawed, It has bad HR policy, work culture, promotion, career path, project management, foundational defense technology intiative, collaboration, capability building,..etc. DRDO is a deeply problematic organisation, which failed india due to many reasons 2/n

Since, many are discussing abt Indus(Sindhu) river, this thread 🧵help you to understand the Indus river basin.
Indus is the river of high altitude, it has an basin area of 11,65,500 sqkm(India, Pak, Afghan, China) with ~6200 TMC water available. it originate at Tibet(China) 1/n
Indus river is bounded by the Himalayas on the east, by the Karakoram & Haramosh ranges on the north, by the Sulaiman & Kirthar range on the west. India has 3,21,289 sqkm of Indus basin(Incl PoK), 2,38,877 sqkm in the Indian Administrated region with ~2600 TMC water available 2/n

Tamil's across Myanmar celebrated Thaipusam, they have varied facial features due to assimilation. Tamil's form the lowest strata of Myanmar society. After Sri Lankan hill country Tamil were given SL Citizenship. Myanmar has the most number of stateless Tamils in the world 1/4 Myanmar is estimated to have 15 to 30 lakh indians, in that Tamils form the Majority. Myanmar is home to 4th largest Tamil community in the world after India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia. They are also the poorest Tamils, voiceless community without proper health and education 2/4

Reliance industries bought 5286 acre SEZ land for 2200Cr Rs.41.6 L per acre). The land parcel located next to Navi Mumbai airport & JNPT port.

The land next to main road in my village in Virudhunagar dt is worth 50+L per acre

Feeling proud, My village = Navi Mumbai Airport 1/3 The land transaction has complex web of ownership. The NMIIA owns the NMSEZ land, 74% of NMIIA owned by DIPL, 26% by CIDCO. DIPL is owned by UIHPL. Which is 32% owned by Jai corp (Anand jain), 35% by SKIL, 33% by Mukesh Ambani group. Now DIPL sold its stake in NMIIA to RIL 2/3

China unveiled its cutting-edge J-36 jet. As per my experience, with the present setup, India can never manufacture a 6th gen jet. We have chaotic, bureaucratic aircraft design, development, and Manufacturing ecosystem. With ADA doing the project management role 1/4 Most of the design work carried by 30+ DRDO labs, NAL.etc. Different DRDO lab follow long procedure to even communicate between one-another. Highly paper oriented bureaucratic visionless system. These design are manufactured by HAL, BEL.etc. DRDO-ADA-HAL-BEL a nightmare combo 2/4

Many wondered, why i am posting against CITU and Communist. My interest in Geography started when I was reading about the Coolie system, migration of Tamil labour across the world, and their struggle. It is a fearful, bloodiest and forgotten episode in Tamil history. 🧵 1/n

https://twitter.com/TNGeography/status/1668284142445019139

19th century was the darkest period in TN history. Cursed by nature with the worst famine (1877) that killed 1/4th of the state, left scars across community. The state was also going through many internal conflict, and wars (1759 to 1850), without any caring leadership 2/n

If I were to be Samsung, if the option is between shifting the factory or accepting CITU. I will choose shifting the factory. People have no idea, what is the actual consequences of allowing CITU inside the production line. It is better to save the Brand name than factory 🧵 1/n If a company allow CITU, they will loose the control over their production line, for high tech electronics company, it is like committing suicide. You can't control quality, u cant change the low quality employee. Political party (CITU is full of poltics) will dictate it 2/n

The pillars of Madurai Madana Gopala Swamy Temple displayed at the Philadelphia museum of Art. In 1912, during her trip to Madurai, Adeline Pepper Gibson bought the pillars, transported to USA, it was gifted to Philadelphia museum on 1919, displayed there as temple hall 1/3 Many heritage structures of Madurai incl the fort walls, orchids..etc were demolished by British. Many temples were in ruins. The pillars of the front mandapam was sold to Adeline Gibson, now displayed in the world famous Philadelphia museums. Adeline died at young age 2/3

Extending BMRCL upto Hosur is now a hot topic, hearing lot of angry voices. In 1973, TN govt setup Hosur SIPCOT due to proximity to Blre. Post 1991, Hosur saw decline. From 1998, KA started building, its largest Bommasandra industrial cluster using existing Hosur ecosystem 1/6

Hosur never competed with Bengaluru, it complimented it. Tamil Nadu/Hosur went through severe electricity crisis during 2009-13, political crisis btw 2014-17. During this time KA overtook TN in industrial investment. Built it's largest industrial ecosystem around Bangalore 2/6

TN is No.1 in destroying beaches with waste. With illegal shop, irresponsible people, & failed govt.
Marina beach is gone, then we lost Besant Nagar beach, Ariyamaan beach is also down with waste. It is sad to see once clean Mahabalipuram beach is also occupied by illegal shop. Most of these shops are controlled by local goons, these shop owners pay their rent to them. Regulating these shops by local bodies will fetch more revenue to them will help to keep it clean, but deprive mafia's their money. Shops went till beach water, getting worse in last 5yrs

My post on Vijayawada flood is misinterpreted by many. This post elaborate it.
Let us start with Vijayawada drainage basin. It is part of Krishna & Budameru basin part of Kolleru lake. Budameru basin has ~900sqkm of catchment basin till Vijayawada city with hills and lakes. 1/n





Vijayawada is not new to flood, In last 100 yrs, city went through 17+ floods driven by both Krishna & Budameru rivers. In 2005, Budameru created heavy flood in the northern part of the city, since it flows through the heart of the city. AP govt decided to divert the water 2/n

All these floods are not due to Krishna river but because of small Budameru vagu, it has ~900 sqkm catchment till Vijayawada. After 2005 flood, AP govt diverted part of the river into Krishna by connecting it with 37500 cusec Polavaram canal, still it overflowed the canal 1/2

https://twitter.com/KiranWeatherman/status/1830479161615351986

Due to heavy rainfall Budameru saw >60000 cusec, overflowing both the diversion canal & it's natural river course. It's natural path is illegally occupied, it can't even carry 10000 cusec flood. So water overflowed from the canal and the river, flooding the Vijayawada 2/2

Nagarathar migrated to Pandya Nadu, initially they settled in 9 villages, where they were granted 9 shiva temples. This 9 temples used as a primary classification of the community. Members within the each temple group are called Pangali's, they cannot marry within that group 1/10 Illayathangudi (இளையாத்தங்குடி) is the first Nagarathar settled village in Pandya nadu. It has the Kailasanathar Nithyakalyani Amman Temple and Kalanivasal Nagarathar Perumal Koil with two temple tanks 2/10

Many pilgrims visit Madurai on the way to Rameshwaram, Kanyakumari trip but most just visit Meenakshi Amman temple, donot stay overnight in the city. Madurai has many temples to offer with less restriction than Meenakshi temple. We can divide them into 7 circuits. This 🧵 1/20

Let us start with City Temple Circuit
Shri Koodal Azhagar Temple 2/20

As per the latest Water body database (it need correction), Telangana has the most number of large water bodies. They classify their Cheruvu as Tank, we say it as lake. TS spent more in their water resources in last 10yrs than TN spent in last 50+yrs. TS renovated many tank/lakes

https://twitter.com/dstock_insights/status/1655952416834224133

WRIS report put Tamil Nadu as a State with most number of large water body. Just Water body database put Telangana as the state with most number of large water bodies. The later is bit more accurate than the former