Thread by @DavidCranmerUn1

Edward C. Holmes - Wikipedia

Before moving to Sydney in 2012, Holmes held academic appointments at various universities in the UK and USA including:

1990–1991 University of California, Davis, postdoctoral researcher supervised by Charles H. Langley. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_C.…

Chuck Langley is Distinguished Professor of Genetics at UC Davis. Langley's PhD is from UT Austin in 1971, after which he was a postdoc at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He spent 17 years at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences campus in

Research Triangle Park, N.C., before moving to Davis in 1989.

The Global Virome Project (GVP) is an American-led international collaborative research initiative based at the One Health Institute at the University of California, Davis. The project was co-launched by

EcoHealth Alliance president Peter Daszak, Nathan Wolfe and Edward Rubin of Metabiota, and former Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention director George F. Gao.

Edward C. Holmes research has been funded by the Royal Society, the UK Biotechnology and Biological

Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Rhodes Trust, Wellcome Trust, United States National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), Australian Research Council, and Australian National Health

and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).

Holmes co-authored the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and the early descriptions of the disease, working with Zhang Yongzhen from Fudan University to share the first sequencing data from the virus.

According to Time,

Zhang was the "saving grace" of the COVID-19 pandemic. Zhang's team's success in discovering and publishing the virus's genome allowed scientists to quickly design COVID-19 tests, fight the pandemic, and begin developing COVID-19 vaccines.

Alongside Edward C. Holmes, Zhang was

awarded the 2021 General Symbiont prize as an exemplar in the practice of data sharing at the Research Parasite Awards.

The Research Symbiont Awards, inspired by the Research Parasite Award, was founded by J. Brian Byrd, a physician-scientist at the University of Michigan.

The Research Parasite Award is an honor given annually at the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing to recognize scientists who study previously-published data in ways not anticipated by the researchers who first generated it.

The idea was first suggested on Twitter by

Iowa State University researcher Iddo Friedberg shortly after the editorial was published, and was then brought to life by Casey Greene, a pharmacologist at the University of Pennsylvania.

The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) is an annual multidisciplinary scientific

meeting co-founded in 1996 by Dr. Teri Klein, Dr. Lawrence Hunter and Sharon Surles.

Teri E. Klein is an American professor of Biomedical Data Science and Medicine (and of Genetics, by courtesy) at Stanford University.

Klein is a co-founder and is a Principal Investigator for

PharmGKB, Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), The Pharmacogenomic Clinical Annotation Tool (PharmCAT), and Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen).

The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) is an initiative developed by the National Human Genome Research

Institute (NHGRI).

NHGRI began as the Office of Human Genome Research in The Office of the Director in 1988. This Office transitioned to the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR), in 1989 to carry out the role of the NIH in the International Human Genome

Project (HGP). The HGP was developed in collaboration with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and began in 1990 to sequence the human genome.

•May 4, 2007 – The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), have teamed

with Group Health Cooperative in Seattle and Henry Ford Health System in Detroit to launch the Multiplex Initiative, a study to investigate the interest level of healthy, young adults in receiving genetic testing for eight common conditions.
•May 28, 2008 – Francis S. Collins

steps down as director of the institute after serving for fifteen of the nineteen years of its operation.

Group Health Cooperative, formerly known as Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, later more commonly known as Group Health, was an American nonprofit healthcare

organization based in Seattle, Washington. It was acquired by Kaiser Permanente in 2017 and now serves as the Kaiser Washington region.

Kaiser Permanente is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945 by

industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield.

The history of Kaiser Permanente dates to 1933 and a tiny hospital in the town of Desert Center, California.

In the early 1930s, Dr. Sidney R. Garfield, who had just graduated from University of Southern California,

went to visit a former classmate with a practice in Indio. The practice was thriving to capacity, while Garfield was nearly without business in Depression-era Los Angeles. Garfield's friend explained that he was the closest doctor (50 miles) to 5,000 men digging the

Colorado River Aqueduct under direction of Six Companies, Inc.

Six Companies Inc. was composed of:
1) Henry J. Kaiser Co. of Oakland, California and Bechtel Corporation of San Francisco (as Bechtel-Kaiser): 30%
2) MacDonald and Kahn of Los Angeles, California: 20%

3) Utah Construction Company of Ogden, Utah: 20%
4) Morrison-Knudsen of Boise, Idaho: 10%,
5) Pacific Bridge Company of Portland, Oregon: 10%
6) J.F. Shea Co of Portland, Oregon: 10%

Leadership was split between the companies with officers:
•W.H. Wattis of Utah

Construction Company (President)
•W.A. Bechtel of Bechtel-Kaiser (First Vice President)
•E.O. Wattis of Utah Construction Company (2nd Vice President)
•Charles A Shea of J.F. Shea Co (Secretary)
•Felix Kahn of MacDonald and Kahn (Treasurer)

•K.K. Bechtel of Bechtel-Kaiser (Assistant Secretary-Treasurer)

In 1900, the Wattis Brothers (Edmund, William and Warren) again attempted to be partners in contracting. They founded the Utah Construction Company along with David Eccles and Thomas D. Dee.

David Eccles met

Ellen Stoddard, the daughter of his partner, John Stoddard. Under the practice of polygamy at the time, David married Ellen, and they made their home in Logan, Utah where he built a lavish yellow brick mansion for his new bride using lumber imported from his corporation in

Oregon. (The home is on West Center Street.) Marriner Stoddard Eccles and George S. Eccles are children of this marriage.

Eccles-Browning Affiliated Banks.
withstood several bank runs during the Great Depression and, as a leading banker, Eccles became involved with the

creation of the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

During his tenure as Secretary of Commerce, Roy Chapin was unsuccessful in persuading Henry Ford to provide financial help to avoid the collapse of the Union Guardian Trust Company of

Detroit. Ford's refusal to aid the bank in averting a financial failure led to the Michigan Bank Holiday, an event that began a series of state bank holidays and ultimately to the passage of Roosevelt administration's Emergency Banking Act of 1933.

Roy Chapin headed the

consortium of businessmen and engineers that founded the Hudson Motor Car Company in 1908. The company was named for Detroit merchant Joseph L. Hudson, who provided the majority of capital for the operation's start-up.

Edsel Ford became secretary of Ford in 1915, and married

Eleanor Lowthian Clay (1896–1976), the niece of department store owner Joseph L. Hudson, on November 1, 1916.

On Edsel's death, his father briefly reassumed the presidency of Ford, then Edsel's son, Henry Ford II, became president of the company on September 21, 1945.

Edsel Ford was one of the most significant art benefactors in Detroit history. As president of the Detroit Arts Commission, he commissioned the famous Diego Rivera Detroit Industry Murals in the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA)

Edsel Ford helped finance exploratory expeditions,

including the historic flight of Admiral Richard Byrd over the North Pole in 1926. Byrd, in his Antarctic expeditions, also financed by Edsel, named the Edsel Ford Range of mountains after him. Other Antarctic homages include Ford Massif, Ford Nunataks, and Ford Peak.

Edsel and Eleanor Ford's summer estate was Skylands in Seal Harbor on Mount Desert Island in Maine.

In 1892, William Adams Brown was married to Helen Gilman Noyes (1867–1942), a daughter of Daniel Rogers Noyes and Helen Abia (née Gilman) Noyes. The family lived at

49 East 80th Street in New York City and had a summer home on Seal Island on Mount Desert Island in Maine where they befriended many prominent people, including Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard, Seth Low, president of Columbia and later Mayor of New York, and

John D. Rockefeller Jr.

His father was a merchant banker and partner in Brown Bros. & Co., an investment bank founded by his grandfather and grand-uncles, including George Brown and Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet

George Brown joined his father in the family business,

Alex. Brown & Sons, which became one of the leading investment banks in the U.S. in the nineteenth century. His father had started the business in 1800 importing Irish linen and exporting cotton and tobacco back to Britain and was also instrumental in the Second Bank of the

United States. As his elder brother, a Liberal Member of Parliament, had founded the banking house of Brown, Shipley & Co., George succeeded his father as head of Alex. Brown & Sons upon his death in 1834.

After spending time in Europe, Montagu Norman joined Martins Bank, where

his father was a partner, in 1892, Brown, Shipley & Co., where his maternal grandfather was a partner, in 1894, and Brown Bros. & Co. of New York, in 1895. He became a partner in Brown Shipley in 1900 before leaving for South Africa, and retired from them in 1915.

Norman knowingly authorized the transfer of Czech gold from Czechoslovakia's No. 2 account with the Bank for International Settlements to the No. 17 account, which Norman was aware was managed by the German Reichsbank. Within ten days the money had been transferred to other

accounts. In the fall of 1939, two months after the outbreak of World War II, Norman again supported transfers of Czech gold to Hitler's Germany.

On 2 November 1933, Norman married Priscilla Cecilia Maria Reyntiens, London councillor and granddaughter of Montagu Bertie,

7th Earl of Abingdon.

Her father Major Robert Reyntiens was Aide de Camp to King Leopold II of Belgium, whilst her mother Lady Alice Josephine Bertie was the daughter of the 7th Earl of Abingdon.

The Commission for Relief in Belgium’s task was to obtain foodstuffs from abroad

and ship them into Belgium, where CRB monitors supervised distribution by members of the Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation (CNSA), the Belgian organization headed by Émile Francqui.

In 1896, Émile Francqui became the Belgian consul in Imperial China and stayed there

until 1902. In China he met the future American president Herbert Hoover during negotiations concerning the granting of the Hankow-Canton railroad concession in China in 1901.

Francqui returned to Belgium in 1902, and began a financial career. He became the managing director of

the Banque d'Outremer, and managing director of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK). Ten years after his return to Belgium, he became Director of the Société Générale de Belgique, and in 1932 became its Governor.

In April 1924, Émile Francqui participated in the creation

of the Dawes Plan to find a solution for the collection of the German reparations debt following World War I.

The Dawes committee, which urged into action by Britain and the United States, consisted of ten informal expert representatives, two each from Belgium (Baron

Maurice Houtart, Emile Francqui), France (Jean Parmentier, Edgard Allix), Britain (Sir Josiah C. Stamp, Sir Robert M. Kindersley), Italy (Alberto Pirelli, Federico Flora), and the United States (Dawes and Owen D. Young, who were appointed by Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).

In 1928, German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann called for a final plan to be established, and the Young Plan was enacted in 1929.

Amongst other provisions, the Young Plan called for an international bank of settlements to handle the reparations transfers. The resulting

Bank for International Settlements was duly established at the Hague Conference in January 1930.

Sometime in 1930 a drain approaching the proportions of a run began on the large banks in Detroit. In a period of about two and one-half years prior to February 11, 1933, about

$250,000,000 was withdrawn from the First National Bank of Detroit, and large sums were also withdrawn from the Union Guardian Trust Company and the Guardian National Bank of Commerce. In order to meet these withdrawals, the First National Bank was compelled to liquidate

practically all of its liquid and unpledged assets, and the Union Guardian Trust Company was compelled to borrow from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) and from the Ford interests. Mr. Edsel Ford was Chairman of the Board of the Union Guardian Group.

The RFC was an

independent agency of the US Federal Government, and fully owned and operated by the government. The idea was suggested by Eugene Meyer of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, recommended by President Herbert Hoover, and established by Congress in 1932.

The first RFC

president was the former US Vice President Charles Dawes.

Dawes helped support the first Anglo-French Loan to the Entente powers of $500 million. Dawes's support was important because the House of Morgan needed public support from a non-Morgan banker. The Morgan banker

Thomas W. Lamont said that Dawes's support would "make a position for him in the banking world such as he otherwise could never hope to make".

After Dawes completed his term as vice president, he served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally as the

Court of St. James's) from 1929 to 1931. Overall, Dawes was an effective ambassador, as George V's son, the future Edward VIII, later confirmed in his memoirs.

After Congress began impeachment proceedings against Andrew Mellon, President Hoover shifted Mellon to the position of

United States ambassador to the United Kingdom replacing Dawes. Mellon returned to private life after Hoover's defeat in the 1932 presidential election by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Robert Worth Bingham (November 8, 1871 – December 18, 1937) was a politician, judge, newspaper

publisher and the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1933 to 1937.

On 7 November 1933 the Saudi-American Treaty was signed by Bingham on behalf of the United States and Hafiz Wahba on behalf of Saudi Arabia. Bingham was succeeded by Joseph P. Kennedy.

In May 1959 Wahba was named one of two representatives of the Saudi government as directors of the Arabian American Oil Company. The other one was Abdullah Tariki.

On 31 January 1944, the company name was changed from California-Arabian Standard Oil Co. to Arabian

American Oil Co. (or ARAMCO).

1948, Standard Oil of New Jersey (later known as Exxon) purchased 30% and Socony Vacuum (later Mobil) purchased 10% of the company, with SoCal and Texaco retaining 30% each. The newcomers were also shareholders in the Iraq Petroleum Co. and had to

get the restrictions of the Red Line Agreement lifted in order to be free to enter into this arrangement.