Zhao DaShuai 东北进修🇨🇳 Profile picture
Jul 30, 2023 10 tweets 4 min read Read on X
🚨Reforms to China's PLA🚨
Last week, the official PLA media put out a news:

The Sea Eagle Regiment of the PLA Navy Aviation, has been transferred to the Air force.

Kicking off the much needed process of standardization in the Chinese military.

Why is this significant?
1/🧵 Image
Maturity of a branch of the military, is measured by how standardized it is

Standardization means certain degree of generalization of functions.

SO, the existence of land based naval aviation brigades, go against that idea, by having overlaps with the functions of the air force Image
This reform process, will transfer all the land based naval aviation units to the air force, standardizing training and equipment.

China's naval aviation were formed around its bombers. Image
During the Cold War, our navy were weak.
To protect our shores, naval aviation used bombers in anti-ship roles.

Missile Boat, airplane and submarine formed the basis of naval deterrence.

To protect the bombers, land based fighter units were transferred from the air force. Image
This outdated organization structure survived the 2016 reform, because it's more nuanced

Flying over land and over sea are 2 very different experience. Over land, you have many things to reference and orientate yourself.

long period of flying over water can cause disorientation Image
Where the pilot mix up the sky and water.

From the basic flying to tactics, naval aviation requires some degrees of differentiation.

HOWEVER, this division of labor caused a serious problem:
The bulk of the air force, weren't trained rigorously to conduct naval operations Image
The 2016 reform, pushed the air force to train with anti-ship missiles, and to integrate their system of systems with the navy's.

So this reform isn't about taking aviation away from the navy, it's giving the navy an entire air force through joint operations Image
Land based naval aviation will continue to exist, in the form of special aircrafts, like the Y-9Q anti-submarine aircraft Image
But the bulk of the naval aviation will be based around the air wings of the aircraft carriers.

Built around the J-35 and J-15B, J-15D J-15BS.
Image
Image
Modernization means standardization and generalization
Which creates multifunctional training and equipment.

Without land based aviation, the J-15B will mature into multirole fighter

With the air force trained in anti-ship role, the navy can push farther out into the open ocean Image

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More from @zhao_dashuai

Sep 14
With the introduction of the diesel-electric hybrid tank by China; The ZTZ-100, we now can have sci-fi systems like:
♦️Electromagnetic armor (EFA)
♦️Electrothermal Chemical Gun (ETC gun)

Detailed thread on the future of land/armored warfare developed by China.
🧵 Image
The Type-100 family is made up of serval platforms, including the ZTZ-100 tank and the ZBD-100 fire support vehicle and they are only the start.

There will also be a 50 ton class heavy main battle tank with 125mm electrothermal chemical(ETC) gun with electromagnetic armor (EFA) Image
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We will also have a long range fire support vehicle with vertical launch systems (VLS), capable of storing 20+ long range (10km+) heavy anti-tank missiles.

They together create a network of systems on land, capable of first detection, first shot and first kill.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 7
A thread detailing the speed, range and trajectory of China's anti-ship hypersonic missiles.

Our potential enemies have no way of intercepting these missiles, so it's only fair to let them know, how their billion dollar ship will be destroyed.
🧵 Image
YJ-17 Ship launched hypersonic glide vehicle. (HGV launched from vertical launch systems)

Range: over 1000km.
Warhead: 300kg
Cruise speed: Mach 5-8.
Terminal speed: Mach 8+

Launch trajectory; Boosted to 50km altitude, glide in the upper atmosphere, then dive down at Mach 8+. Image
Image
YJ-19 submarine launched Scramjet hypersonic missile.

Range: over 600km.
Warhead: 160kg.
Cruise speed: Mach 5-6.
Terminal speed: Mach 6+

Launch trajectory; Boosted to 20km, cruise at a flat trajectory at 20km, then dive down from above at Mach 6+. Image
Image
Read 6 tweets
Aug 30
How China's 4th gen tank exemplifies the differences in force design between China and the US?🧵1/8

The US military has global projection needs, their weapons are not specialized to do certain tasks in certain regions against certain enemies. It's a case of jack of all trade.

Meanwhile, China's ZTZ-201 light MBT is specifically designed to fight in Taiwan and the Himalayas.Image
Taiwan's useful terrain is very flat, dotted with cities and towns that are less than 2km apart.

Hence engagement even for armored/mechanized forces will be that 2km dash over farmlands then into cities.
Short engagements between tanks, if it ever happens, will be from covered position shooting at each other.

This means drones and sensor networks are more important than pure mass in armor. Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 12
Comprehensive minute-by-minute illustrative thread, on how the Chinese aircraft carrier Fujian conducts cyclical attack operation.
🧵1/15

The optimal air wing composition:
⏺️24x J-35(green & red), divided into 2 attack waves of 12 each.
⏺️24x J-15T (blue & purple), divided into 2 attack waves of 12 each.
⏺️4x J-15D electronic warfare fighter (orange).
⏺️4x J-600 AEW&C (light blue).
⏺️~10 helicopters (black) for anti-submarine, search and rescue missions.Image
Cyclical operations are the most common attack mode of aircraft carriers, they divide the carrier airwing into attack waves and launch them with intervals in between.

This allows sustained operation for a long periods of time. Image
🔹Wave 1 (green J-35 stealth fighters) takes 12 minutes to launch 12x J-35, + 2 min to launch 1x KJ-600 (light blue) + 1 min to launch 2x J-15D EW fighter (orange).
= 15 minutes.

**Catapults can launch aircraft with 30 second intervals.Image
Read 15 tweets
Jul 5
A comprehensive thread about Chinese aircraft carrier operations.

How do we compare to the US aircraft carrier operations?

For the PLA navy, there are 2 main types of carrier attacks:
🔹Full-deck strike (Full deck sortie).
🔹Cyclical operation.
1/11🧵 Image
Full-deck strike is when we launch all fighters in a single strike package.

Cyclical operation is when we divide the fighters into attack waves, and launch them sequentially.

Full-deck strike is used when you want overwhelming firepower delivered in the initial phase of combat.
However, full-deck strike cannot be sustained for long, since all the fighters would need to land in a short span of time, which puts immense pressure on the deck crew to rearm and refuel.
Read 11 tweets
Jun 28
The most important characteristics to 6th generation fighter is stealth.

6th gen stealth means, All-Aspect Stealth (stealthy from all directions) and Broadband (multi-spectrum) stealth.

What is it, how does it work?
1/8🧵 Image
5th gen stealth is achieved by aligning control surfaces to as fewer directions as possible, this edge alignment ensures radar signals are reflected back towards specific directions.

This is a simplified explanation without going into specular reflections or creeping waves etc. Image
Image
HOWEVER, the problem with 5th gen stealth is that they are detectable by low frequency radars with long wavelengths.

Resonant scattering is when radar waves interact with a target in a way that causes them to be scattered strongly, often at specific frequencies, due to the target's size and shape resonating with the radar's wavelength.
Read 8 tweets

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