Andy Constan Profile picture
Jul 30, 2023 9 tweets 3 min read Read on X
The huge "hedge fund short" 101
Many have published a chart that say "hedge funds have the largest speculative short futures position in history". The data is accurate. It also needs interpretation.
Here's my chart it's a few weeks old but illustrates my point Image
The hedge fund short is someone else's long. That long is institutional investors. It's very big. But that is not the important story. This unlike the ES charts which looked the same and were a choose your fighter Long Only Simps vs Hedge funds (which I got completely wrong) Image
Respect Long only Simps 🫡
Hedge funds short ES covered like mad. I was wrong. Image
But fixed income futures positions are quite different. While the long side of the positions are indeed levering up by long only asset managers the short side which is getting so much doomism is more complex
H/T @leadlagreport for this example Image
Why do hedge funds short bond futures
Speculation IS a real thing!

BUT also to hedge out interest rate risk on something they are long in the derivatives or cash market like:
Corporate and High Yield Bonds, Physical Treasury Bonds, Mortgage Bonds, Muni's, Converts, EM debt etc
For example let's say long only institutions bid up futures to lever up a bet. A hedge fund can buy the correspond US Treasury to that futures contract and take out a spread between the futures and cash markets. It's an arbitrage between the cost of leverage in the futures
Markets and the actual cost of leverage the hedge fund is able to achieve in their funding of the UST long position.

Now. It's possible that the hedge fund is purely speculative or it's possible that they own the bond and are using repo to finance the long and are short the
Futures. Let's go to the data. As this "historic" futures short has been built. Levered long positions have grown by half a Trillion dollars. Either that should be added to the long position of real money Image
Or should be subtracted from the short position of hedge funds who are doing the cash and carry arbitrage. I won't show all my data but just say that this is a complex topic and the signal in Fixed Income is pretty weak regarding TFF rates data the doomers are posting

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More from @dampedspring

May 4
A thought.

One of the classic arguments against market timing trading vs buy and hold is taxes. I totally get that but also it further exposes the basic problem most investors seem to have. That constantly merge long term long only passive beta with alpha
I am entirely consistent that almost everyone has no ability to beat the market and shouldn't even try. That means that everyone should own a well constructed low cost diversified long only portfolio of assets and add to that through time as they save and go about their lives.
However if for some likely overconfident reason you believe you can time markets as well and that "alpha" provides you a satisfactory after tax risk adjusted return then have at it. Yes you will pay taxes if you have alpha. Presumably you pay taxes on your wages? Alpha
Read 8 tweets
Apr 26
A tale of two models 101

On Thursday one of these two Fed Nowcast models is going to be wrong. Of course the Wall Street Sheep Consensus straddles both. Why are these models so different? Image
Image
The NYFRM (and St. Louis fed fwiw) have a 2.5% Q1 GDP Nowcast and Atlanta has a -40bp Nowcast

We won't go through all the math but DSData and @DanielSimonyi and I have been working through the problem and these are our rough findings. The difference is based on the models.
Both models use the same data as it is released including hard and soft data. Atlanta is bottoms up and NY is top down.

Atlanta takes each piece of data as it's released and adds it up. NY starts with some sort of momentum driven spot GDP and adjusts that number based on the
Read 9 tweets
Apr 26
Terming out the debt 101.

Lots of folks think that choosing to NOT term out the debt is a bet by the treasury on interest rates. In other words keep financing in bills until long term interest rates decline and THEN issue longer term.

I totally get that idea but want to look
at the numbers a bit.

The first thing one has to ask is what is the end game of the Treasury debt composition if the current composition is undesired and is being held for market timing reasons

The second thing one has to consider is whether the "waiting" has a cost as if
waiting is free then why not wait?
The last thing is what is the benefit if the treasury times the market correctly?

As a caveat this is way more complex than what my napkin math will describe and the timing can backfire or end up being more beneficial depending on how the
Read 12 tweets
Apr 18
Hypothetically Trump fires Powell scenario

Completely off the cuff here I have to say I see two things as possible.

Trump wants to lower interest rates to achieve his political goals

Trump has such a massive ego that he believes he could do a better job than the Fed in
Achieving the Fed's dual mandate and firing Powell and replacing him with a puppet would allow Trump to manage policy better for America and its future.

I think the latter case is a legitimate possibility. He may really think this. Maybe he can manage monetary policy better
But the next president may not be as well equipped as Trump. I mean is anyone as awesome as our glorious leader? Well when he dies and leaves office 10 or 20 years from now the next guy will be in charge of monetary policy by precedent.
Read 11 tweets
Mar 2
Post QT end - reserves evolutions thoughts 101. The idea the Fed has for the future of bank reserves in an "ample" regime is reserves are correlated to GDP. The basic idea I guess is because reserves are the medium of exchange between private sector banks when customers
of different banks transact with each other(for private sector investment and consumption activity)or the federal reserve (for tax payments, repo, and debt market transactions including primary issuance), Each of these transactions represent a movement of reserves between banks
or between banks and the Fed. "indexing" "ample" to the GDP suggests the size of the transactions increase proportionate to the GDP and perhaps the frequency of the transactions is somehow linked to GDP (probably by the growth in economic "population"). anyhow thats the Fed's
Read 22 tweets
Feb 22
Pipe Dream 101 - Mar A Lago Accord version

The Xverse is awash with nonsense regarding a grand bargain called the Mar A Lago Accord. While I accept that anything is possible with the right set of sticks and carrots I cannot imagine such a deal occuring. Nonetheless I will
analyze it here in this thread.

What problem is the MALA solving? The basic idea is that the Trump Administration wants to rebalance global trade to favor domestic production. This is a totally reasonable goal. Let's describe the tactics to achieve that goal outlined in MALA
As the U.S. is a country that has relatively expensive costs of production vs the ROW it imports much more of its goods consumption than it exports. To shift the balance of trade toward U.S. production foreign production needs to become more expensive for consumers the easiest
Read 25 tweets

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