The huge "hedge fund short" 101
Many have published a chart that say "hedge funds have the largest speculative short futures position in history". The data is accurate. It also needs interpretation.
Here's my chart it's a few weeks old but illustrates my point
The hedge fund short is someone else's long. That long is institutional investors. It's very big. But that is not the important story. This unlike the ES charts which looked the same and were a choose your fighter Long Only Simps vs Hedge funds (which I got completely wrong)
Respect Long only Simps 🫡
Hedge funds short ES covered like mad. I was wrong.
But fixed income futures positions are quite different. While the long side of the positions are indeed levering up by long only asset managers the short side which is getting so much doomism is more complex
H/T @leadlagreport for this example
Why do hedge funds short bond futures
Speculation IS a real thing!
BUT also to hedge out interest rate risk on something they are long in the derivatives or cash market like:
Corporate and High Yield Bonds, Physical Treasury Bonds, Mortgage Bonds, Muni's, Converts, EM debt etc
For example let's say long only institutions bid up futures to lever up a bet. A hedge fund can buy the correspond US Treasury to that futures contract and take out a spread between the futures and cash markets. It's an arbitrage between the cost of leverage in the futures
Markets and the actual cost of leverage the hedge fund is able to achieve in their funding of the UST long position.
Now. It's possible that the hedge fund is purely speculative or it's possible that they own the bond and are using repo to finance the long and are short the
Futures. Let's go to the data. As this "historic" futures short has been built. Levered long positions have grown by half a Trillion dollars. Either that should be added to the long position of real money
Or should be subtracted from the short position of hedge funds who are doing the cash and carry arbitrage. I won't show all my data but just say that this is a complex topic and the signal in Fixed Income is pretty weak regarding TFF rates data the doomers are posting
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The Internet boom and bust - a story part 3. Like all things there are similarities to today and differences.
My own experience during 1995-2002 year by year with highlights.
In this Part I will finish up with the 1998 panic easing and then get into specific 1999-2000 stuff
As mentioned in Part 2 and the added thread on the Asian debt crisis of 1997 the after effect of that unwind had a major impact on markets and policymakers thought 1998.
But at a personal level things were absolutely nuts. I survived my own losses due to the crisis
And acquitted myself adequately in front of Sandy and Jamie (thanks to Artie Hyde and Alan Marks backing) and kept my job as head of global equity derivatives trading and structured products. But the Smith Barney merger had yet to close
The Internet boom and bust - a story part 2. Like all things there are similarities to today and differences.
My own experience during 1995-2002 year by year with highlights.
In this part I'll start building up both the tech highlights but focus more on the markets
This time periods was also highly tumultuous for Salomon brothers, financial market participants, policymaker actions, and geopolitics. Like today central bankers, made many mistakes and bailed out various players, and world changing geopolitical developments occurred. Unlike
Today, the deficit went to a surplus and the national debt and the debt of the sovereign developed market was small.
But before I jump into all that I want to mention a often ignored simultaneous happening during the 90's and a funny story of how nonsense can occur during
The Internet boom and bust - a story part 1. Like all things there are similarities to today and differences.
My own experience during 1995-2002 year by year with highlights.
Before I jump in I was NOT an investor during this time. I worked on the sell side.
As a sell side employee I had significant trading restrictions that prevented me from speculating and mostly even for "trading" my own account and like today I am pretty risk adverse so I favor passive investing.
That said I had a pretty unique seat that offered me a great
View into all retail, high net worth, institutional, hedge fund and corporate equity flows.
In 1995 I was 31 and had recently been made managing director at a very young age. I had begun amassing a fair amount of personal wealth from salary and bonus and NOT amassing any
The impact of completely correcting the UST duration holdings of the Fed 101🧵
Despite the warnings and hyperventilation of the usual suspects, correcting the Fed's balance sheet is just not that big a deal.
Today the balance sheet has a monetary policy impact which I have
Written about extensively. The impact is that the Fed owns a larger proportion of long dated treasuries in its portfolio than the portfolio of all Treasury's issued and outstanding. In other words the Fed "protects" the private sector from taking on duration risk.
What is the scale of the issue. Currently the US Treasury has issued roughly 30tn of bills, notes, tips, and bonds to two cohorts. 1. the private sector who owns roughly 26TN and the Fed which at the moment owns 4.38TN
However the 30BN of treasuryies issued has a wieghted
Us naive Americans dont think about currency returns as part of our portfolios as we have the biggest and for decades best place to invest in equities.
Every other global investor cares about currency returns at basic level for their investing
The basic idea for investors or all nationalities should be simple and obvious to all. But we Americans just haven't had to care. Maybe we still don't but at least we should be aware. This 101 will explain what is obvious to all non Americans and then show how it works
The goal of all investors is simple. We want to maximize the risk adjusted return of our investments in the currency we expect to spend in the future.
As Americans we want to maximize our USD returns
If we are Japanese we want to maximize our Yen returns
Money creation and credit creation in the private sector 101 part 2.
Role of Repo.
In the prior thread I outline credit creation which can happen without banks and money creation which requires banks.
I also hinted at bank reserves role as being one of grease to the
system and NOT necessary for bank money creation but necessary for interbank deposit shifts. I also didn't discuss base money creation from the Fed and won't be dealing with that in this thread either.
Here I will discuss the specific role of Repo in today's financial system
The big takeaway is it is one of many important and necessary means of credit creation AND it has no role in money creation unless a bank is a party to the transaction.
That will take some weedy mechanics to prove. But before we do that let's talk about the entire economy