Zhigang Suo Profile picture
Aug 1, 2023 35 tweets 14 min read Read on X
My wife, Denian, died at home, on Sunday, 30 July 2023.

She was diagnosed with glioblastoma in March 2018.

The last five years have been fulfilling. She saw births of two more grandchildren. She attended wedding of our second son. She pointed to me pretty spots on our walks. Image
Denian (庄得年) was born in Lanzhou, on 8 March 1962. Both of her parents graduated from college. She had two younger brothers.

This photo was taken in 1976, when the family lived in Jiayuguan. Image
1976! Mao died. The Cultural Revolution ended.

When the College Entrance Exam resumed, in 1977, she entered Lanzhou University at the age of 15, majored in English Literature. Image
So grateful to Denian’s college classmate, Helen Liu, for this account of their college years.

A fashionable young girl in a purple dress! Image
Upon graduation, in 1982, Denian was assigned a job to teach English at Xian Jiaotong University. She was 19.

I’m grateful to Professor Xiaomei Ma for this account. They were classmates at Lanzhou University, and colleagues at Xian Jiaotong University. Image
I was born in 1963, and entered Xian Jiaotong University in 1981.

Towards end of my college years, I was doing well, placed the fist in the provincial calculus competition, and the second in the provincial English competition.

My photo on record at college. Image
In 1985, I was admitted as a graduate student without examination.

A special English exam was set up. If I failed the exam, I would have to take English class. If I passed the exam, I would not take English class.

Denian would be the teacher!

She proctored and graded the exam!
Denian and I first met at the exam.

She was pretty and petite. She spoke impeccable Mandarin.

“I knew who you were,” she told me later. “The world seemed too small to contain you.”

I must have tried to do something to attract her attention. Image
I passed the exam!

“I wanted to fail you and make you take my class,” she later said, “but you did well. Your short essay was excellent.”

Many of my friends took her class. Image
Our first date took place on 25 January 1986, in the park near the university. Image
Denian started to keep diary on 2 April 1986.

“He said he loved me more than I loved him. How can he know my heart! My love is hidden in my heart. His love is in his mouth. I don’t mean to say that he’s lying. A boy is different from a girl.” Image
That difference persisted for all these decades. I would say, “I love you,” wait, and repeat. She would say, “I love you, too,” often after I asked, “Do you love me?”

When she initiated, “I love you,” I would pretend to be surprised and say, “What do you want?” We would laugh.
Soon after we started dating, I received a fellowship from Harvard University to be a graduate student.

The US-China relation has always been as temperamental as that of young lovers. We decided to marry.

I went to meet her parents.

We got marriage license on 10 June 1986.
Image
Image
My parents felt that we had rushed, but they gave in. They hosted our wedding, in August 1986, in their hometown, Shanghai.

Soon after I left for America by myself.

My parents would later love Denian like their own daughter. Image
Denian and I were separated for 11 months after wedding. She went back to Xian Jiaotong University to teach. I went to Harvard to study.

We called each other. We mailed letters and photos. There was no Internet. Long distance phone calls were expensive.
Image
Image
The separation of newly-wed was gruesome. Harder still was the uncertainty: we didn’t have a clear path for her to come to America.

My Harvard fellowship didn’t support spouse.

Salary in China was low, ~$ 15 per month for her.
Image
Image
Our American Dream became concrete. The Pursuit of Happiness meant finding a way for Denian to come to America.

She got admitted by Harvard Graduate School of Education, with a partial fellowship.

A fellow student, Jianqiang Hu, raised money and wrote a letter of invitation. Image
Denian took a train from Xian to Shanghai, and then flied to Boston.

The United Airlines would lose all her luggage. All Zhigang’s earlier photos were lost. Her diary survived. Was it in her carryon?

With her brothers and my cousin
Shanghai, July 1987 Image
Denian was admitted to Harvard Graduate School of Education. The admission came with partial financial support, but coming up with addition funding was hard. She was also soon pregnant with Daniel. She decided not to go to the school.

Boston Common
October 1987 Image
Denian would regret her decision not to enter Harvard Graduate School of Education. We could have borrowed money.

In 2006, Daniel was admitted to MIT and Harvard. He chose Harvard.

Denian felt redeemed. Image
Remembering Denian, by Yinxi Huang Image
Remembering Denian, by Yinxi Huang
Image
Image
Before Denian arrived in America, I learned to drive and bought a used Ford Granada for $ 1500, which was about two months of my stipend.

I drove to Logan Airport to dazzle her. She was duly impressed.

The car would give us much trouble and did not survive the winter of Boston.
Image
Image
Daniel was born in Brigham and Women’s Hospital, on 19 April 1988. It was Patriots Day, which coincided with Boston Marathon. By then the Ford Granada was gone, and we went to the hospital by subway. It was crowded on that day.

Denian would buy all our subsequent cars. Image
Denian’s Mom offered to come to help, but the US consulate denied her visa!

My graduate student stipend was insufficient to pay for the bill. When Daniel was three month old, Denian decided to send him to Day Care. She became a secretary at Harvard Mathematics Department. Image
I defended my PhD thesis in April 1989. My thesis advisor, John Hutchinson, immediately had me appointed as a postdoc, and introduced me to people with faculty positions. Image
I was offered an assistant professor position at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne, and at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

“Go to California,” John Hutchinson said. “Learn from Tony Evans and his colleagues.”

My job at UCSB started on 1 July 1989. Image
Our 11-month separation in the two nations of capricious relation traumatized Denian. For years she would have recurring nightmares that we never got together again.

When her mom’s visa application was denied, she would not consider sending Daniel to China. Image
On the shelf of our joint study I rediscover a shared diary between Denian and me. Only about 30 pages were filled.

Denian was struggling to find a job. I was struggling to be an academic. She and I were struggling to make a home together.

I wish I were a better person.

Image
Image
Image
Photos captured moments of happiness. Diaries recorded frustrations of a young woman.

They were both real.

She gave up a faculty position to come to America to be with me. She gave up graduate study to care for Daniel. In Santa Barbara she had a hard time to find a job. Image
After her happy entry of 5 December 1990, my entry of 5 January 1991 recoded her car accident. She was seriously hurt. The new Toyota Corolla was totaled.

Why did she leave home alone in the early morning of 28 December 1990?

She had a data entry job at the university library. Image
My diary entry went on to recount “family recessions.” Each coincided with a big change in our life.

Making a home together.
Having a child.
Starting an academic job.

Big changes are daunting, particularly in a new country.
Image
Image
The spouse of a foreign student is in an even tougher spot.

Denian’s classmates would tell me that she was top of her class, the all-important class that started in 1977!

Friends would tell me that Denian gave up her dream to make a happy home.

Was she happy? Image
The diary showed that she was unhappy in our early years in Santa Barbara.

I received a job offer from Brown University. UCSB countered. We decided to stay and buy a house.

But a prerequisite to buy a house was that she found a job.

My entry dated 15 July 1991 Image

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More from @zhigangsuo

Jan 8, 2023
#thermofact
What does the Boltzmann constant mean?

1/ Temperature has many units, among which are Kelvin and Joule. The two units covert as

1 Kelvin = 1.380649 × 10^−23 Joule

This conversion factor is called the Boltzmann constant, k.

It is analogous to

1 inch = 2.54 cm
2/ It looks silly to name an unsightly conversion factor after three great names: Joule, Kelvin, and Boltzmann.

All units are silly, but they are necessary evils.

Let's learn about the two units of temperature, Kelvin and Joule.
3/ Entropy of an isolated system is defined as the logarithm of the number of quantum states of the isolated system:

S = log Ω

For a thermal system, which transfers energy with surroundings, entropy is a function of energy, S(U).

Temperature T is defined by

1/T = dS(U)/dU
Read 8 tweets
Dec 29, 2022
Kittel and Kroemer began with a 3.5 page Introduction.

“Our approach to thermal physics differs from the tradition followed in beginning physics courses. Therefore we provide this introduction to set out what we are going to do on the chapters that follow.” Image
From Preface: “We develop methods (not original, but not easily accessible elsewhere)… We wrote the book in the first place because we were delighted by the clarity of the ‘new’ methods as compared to those we were taught when we were students ourselves.”
What are these “new methods”?

The word “entropy” was coined by Clausius, in 1865, using an equation dS = (1/T)dU and a lot of words.

This definition subordinates entropy to energy and temperature.

Students to this day are told that entropy characterizes energy.

Misleading!
Read 59 tweets
Dec 4, 2022
Lately we have heard numerous incidents that travelers are harassed by federal agents for hours at the U.S. border.

The horror stories make many of us feel so uncomfortable that we stop ALL international travels.

Stop border harassments!

The practice is too rampant.

UNCIVIL!
My last international travel was in January 2020, just before pandemic. I have not been subject to border harassment.

But a student in my group was interrogated about my research.

My group works on the mechanical behavior of polymers. Our work is remote from national security.
A colleague at Harvard, an exceptionally distinguished scientist, is not of Chinese descent.

He loves to work with people. He has many international collaborators, including Chinese collaborators.

He was interrogated at the border for hours.
Read 9 tweets
Jun 14, 2022
I have spent countless hours with this little book. It contains three pioneering papers in discovering thermodynamics:

Carnot (1824)
Clapeyron (1835)
Clausius (1850)

Seek enlightenment when i was young.
Relive in darkness as I get old. Image
Carnot (1824) marks the beginning of the discovery of entropy.

Two hundred years of entropy will soon upon us.

When Carnot wrote his pamphlet, Europe was at the mighty height of the Industrial Revolution, powered by engine, steel, and coal.

He was 28.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L…
Steam engines transformed the world in the Industrial Revolution, just as the Internet does today.

In the initial paragraphs of the pamphlet, Carnot conveyed the craze for steam engines. Image
Read 21 tweets
Jun 9, 2022
#thermofact
Thermodynamics of phase transition

1/10 This thread focuses on a simple case, which illustrates the thermodynamic method.

Make a system of one species of molecules.
Neglect change in volume.

Thus, the system has a single independent variable: energy.
2/10 Consider a system of H2O molecules and two phases, ice and water. Change in volume is small, and is neglected in this model.

Water is a phase, which can be in many states. The same is true for ice.

Water and ice can equilibrate in mixtures.
3/10 Let u be the average energy per molecule, and s be the average entropy per molecule.

Draw a u-s plane.

On the u-s plane, each pure state corresponds to a point, and all pure states correspond to a set of points.
Read 11 tweets
Jun 8, 2022
“Gelfand visited today,” Denian said, “and big professors all acted like students in front of him.”

It was in the late 1980s, when Denian worked as a secretary at Harvard Mathematics Department.

Much I know about linear algebra comes from this 185-page book.

A brilliant book. Image
"Does the name Gelfand mean anything to you," I asked Denian today.

"He was a Russian Mathematician," she said.

"How do you know?"

"He visited Harvard Math Department."

"Do you remember anything about the visit?"

"No."

I read my tweet to her.

"That's accurate!" she said.
"I was good at math when I was a child," Denian says.

Her parents went colleges. Her father taught math at college, and her mother taught physics at high school. Her two bothers went to college for math and engineering. Her father suggested that she major in English. So she did.
Read 4 tweets

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