"Viruses such as SARS, HIV, herpes and measles use integrins as co-receptors for entry into the host cells, which may enhance virus infectivity and broaden the cell types or host's susceptibility to co-infection."
NB: THIS IS A THEORY PAPER
https://t.co/NLrLH2GP3Vfrontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
Why is this still "THEORY"?
Fact: There remain unknown facts concerning SARS-CoV use of ACE2 cellular entry because other cell entry mechanisms beyond ACE2 are often strongly evident.
https://t.co/EvL6a1pWml…mistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb…
Fact-2020: Early in the pandemic, it was known the S protein from SARS-CoV-2003 and SARS-CoV-2019 bind to the extracellular domain of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) to infect epithelial cells.
https://t.co/H7ztamgLmcccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Assumption-2020: What we could not explain was how the secondary phase, where infected epithelium cells actively replicate SARS to infect other non-epithelium cells where the expression of ACE2 was low or undetectable causing multi-system organ damage.
The Big Dilemma; while multi-system damage is obvious and SARS RNA can be detected in the endothelia of those tissues, we cannot conclude that RNA detection reflects actually viral replication in these tissues.
https://t.co/z2Vu89B6Vsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
This SARS secondary infection behaviour goes against the "textbook" of Persistent classification of viral infections where host-cell interaction is defined as Latent, Chronic or Slow Infection.
Why is the "detected mRNA debate" important?
The "textbook" suggests the amount of SARS-neutralizing blood antibodies (bAB) measured plays a significant role between viral persistent infectivity and the success of virus clearance.
https://t.co/8l2ZocAd03frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
Why is "SARS-neutralizing bAB" important?
Most patients will produce neutralizing bABs and thus RNA titres correlate with infectivity in those patients, BUT some patients WILL NOT produce neutralizing bABs and thus do not correlate with persistence! jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
Why is a negative test for SARS bABs important?
Many of the current studies on #LongCOVID rely on flawed SARS bABs test to determine if a patient suffers from viral persistence, which means these studies are flawed.
The only accurate means to detect SARS viral persistence is to conduct biopsies or autopsies, both of which are expensive and invasive.
The scientific debates over the lack of evidence of "persistence", "active persistence" or "mRNA detection" are stressing the point we can't collect evidence and minimizing that any SARS infection can lead to #LongCOVID regardless of immunity or severity of infection.
Despite extensive research on SARS' ability to trigger multiple pathological phenomena in infected patients, like deregulated coagulation, hyper inflammation and autoimmune diseases, the viral co-infection factors & secondary cellular entry mechanisms involved are still unknown.
@NoHealthNoFun Recent studies have detected persistent SARS in the tonsils. It's possible tonsil persistence could be detected as long as the liver is infected, we don't know. The tonsils (lymphoid system) are also often the first choice for biopsies in HIV patients. nature.com/articles/s4159…
FACT: We know Integrins serve as cell adhesion receptors for numerous molecular groups as an important role in signalling processes during infection & inflammation as well as in immunity, cell adhesion, cell migration, angiogenesis and carcinogenesis.
https://t.co/q1508rxPbrnature.com/articles/s4139…
Integrins serve as entry receptors for many viruses; coxsackie adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus, adenovirus, human papillomavirus-16, Hantaviruses (Sin Nombre virus), rotaviruses, echovirus-1, and others.
There we are mass debating persistence while integrins are known to use co-receptors for entry into the various cell types to enhance SARS viral infectivity.
There we are mass debating persistence while integrins enhance every persistent ChickenPox infection we have previously minimized which is amplifying the destruction of the immune system allowing more co-infections.
There we are mass debating persistence while integrins go without being tested to detect viral persistence!
There we are mass debating persistence because SARS-neutralizing antibodies cant be detected because acquired lymphocytopenia caused by SARS persistence has utterly wiped out the immune system and all antibodies!
There we are mass debating @fitterhappierAJ who warned us of the #Leonardi_Effect - because it's an inconvenient truth for existing research using cheap and flawed bAB detection as means to determine T Cell depletion instead of actual CD4/CD8 tests.
@fitterhappierAJ There we are mass debating if #AirborneAIDS is the right level of fearporn to get political leaders to act and implement Public Health measures.
You can end the debates.
Wear N95 grade respirator with eye protection for your own health and safety.
@winthrop317 They are right. SARS chronic infection doesn’t fit the textbook.
The problem with being “textbook right”, is those “non-textbook” non-viable viral proteins can lead to prions and are therefore causing more long term damage.
Prion diseases are incurable.
@winthrop317 Thank you so much for the great question!
@fitterhappierAJ There we are mass disabling society.
SARS doesn’t need to kill you to prevent you from living.
#CovidIsntOver
#ZeroCOVID
#WearN95
@winthrop317 This thread; has more information on the ACE2 receptors affinity as initial infection where secondary receptors #spiroplasma can facilitate non-epithelium cellular entry leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to prion formation.
@winthrop317 @silkabelli While “prebiotic” and “probiotic” play a fundamental role in general health and especially recovery from SARS, those should be recommended by your physician in combination with other supplements and medicine based on your individual blood work results.
@winthrop317 @silkabelli Everyone is different.
There’s no single one solution for you.
The only universal nutrition advice I could offer anyone recovering from an infection is to avoid alcohol like the plague.
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Why is a SARS persistence test & SARS viral load test, so critical?
We understand there can be "asymptomatic acute infection", right?
There's also "asymptomatic chronic infection".
HIV infection, Stage 2 (aka asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency) is where HIV is reproducing and patients are infectious, but patients may not have symptoms or suffer opportunistic co-infections. HIV patients adhering to ART medicine can remain clinically latent.
How many studies use Control Groups with tissue comparisons to "pre-pandemic controls" because persistently SARS-infected asymptomatic patients aren't yet complaining about symptoms?
SARS hijacks a cell’s "host translational factory" without disturbing the cellular function. There’s no “textbook” infinite viral reproduction until cellular inflammation leads to cellular death.
#HijackedChickenCoop
#BoxOfNails
https://t.co/mMPOCeTgqzjournals.asm.org/doi/full/10.11…
How other viruses Hijack The Chicken coop:
Typically a viral infection such as influenza will enter the chicken coop, enter the nucleus and hijack everything!
When Influenza hijacks the chicken cook, chickens stop producing eggs and ONLY make influenza virion copies nonstop. Until the chicken coop bursts (releasing the virus) or the police (immune system) notice the chicken coop stopped making eggs.
“Studies looking at immune dysregulation, which occurs when the body can’t control an immune response, in individuals with #LongCOVID have found T-cell alterations, including exhausted T cells and reduced CD4+ central memory cells” - Pfizer pfizer.com/news/articles/…
The Challenges of Understanding Long COVID From Definition to Treatment
Pfizer are investing significantly into research projects seek to understand and define #LongCOVID #PASC #PCC
I havé immense respect when scientific research states, this is our current state of the unknown.
What’s misleading about assumptions of SARS/HIV death data especially when dealing with immunodeficiency is that Opportunistic Infections (OIs) leading to sepsis rarely results in death. We have the medical advancement to prevent death, just not a cure.
Sepsis is another name for life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysfunctional host immunity response to an infection - also known as - cytokine storm. In a situation of lymphocyte impairment from full blown AIDS or #LongCovid there’s dysregulation of immune response.
It’s a HYPER-inflammation response with a viscous cycle of lymphocyte impairment and immunosuppression. The bacterial OIs is not destroying multiple systems and organs, the patient’s own immune system is destroying everything.
Mitochondrial dysfunctions cause telomere attrition, while telomere damage leads to the reprogramming of mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which have important implications in aging and diseases. #BoxOfNails #BagOfBeans #Spiroplasma #AirborneAIDS
Mitochondrial & telomere are mostly studied independently. However, SARS Let'er R.I.P. has made clear that there are intimate links between mitochondria, telomeres, and telomerase subunits. There's an erratic looping mechanism when one of these goes wrong. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_surv…
We know senescent cells contribute to body dysfunction (ageing). We know telomere shortening is a recognized cause of cellular senescence. Several conditions associated with normal ageing are precipitated by accelerated telomere dysfunction. #BagOfBeans ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…