Zhao DaShuai 东北进修🇨🇳 Profile picture
Sep 2, 2023 13 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Enrolment rates in primary(elementary) schools in China have risen to its highest levels in decades.

Some year 1 classes reportedly has 60 students PER class, with only ~10 students from only child families.

A thread on the demographics, labor force and birthrates of China
1/🧵
If you look at any of China's issues, be it stretched social resources, causing intense and often meaningless competition, to employers not respecting their employees.

It all stems from our large population, when you have an abundance of something, that thing is treasured less
24% of Chinese work in agriculture, actual figure of permeant farmers is around 250 million.

In the US, that number is only 1.6% of their population.

These 250 million Chinese are doing the amount of work that could be done by ~30 million with proper mechanization/automation Image
That's inefficiency in labor force usage.

These farmers do not consume much, so they add very little to the economic activity of China outside of growing food, which can be done much more efficiently.

They are also mostly made up of the aging group of population of 50+ year old
Which means a sizable chunk of the drop in labor force in the coming years, are concentrated in the farming population.

This will have very little impact to the overall productivity of China, since they don't work in high end manufacturing or services.

Nor do they consume much. Image
What about the cost to the healthcare system?

Having a large population of elderly boosts the medical sector, from high end medical machines to medicine research to age care.

A large portion of any country's GDP stems from government investment , it's just a matter of how many
...layers of private sector it circulated through before reaching you.

With China moving up the economic value chain, manufacturing will be the tasks of robots and automation
Hence the expansion of the service sector and consumption are the key.

Wage in services should rise with increased productivity through automation, since you're not competing with cheaper countries on cost.
This is why I LOVE, some young Chinese who decides not to have children, and express it as some form of rebellion (especially in the comment section on Weibo)

Think about it, these people are looking at the prospect of having no descendants to leave their wealth
So, they'll spend and live in the moment, these type of childless people will become the best spenders, when they realize everything they earn will be left for the banks.

They are the type of human resources that China needs right now. Image
So no matter which way you look at it, be it the rise in retired population, to some young people deciding not to have children.

They all contribute to the positive trend of more consumption and more resources for fewer people.

700 million to 1 billion Chinese is just right.
As social resources becomes more plentiful, then people will naturally have more children.

Once population growth has plateaued, logically speaking it should rise and dip cyclically.

Humanity just haven't lived long enough in the industrial age to see the full cycle. Image
The next sustainable explosion of human population, can only be supported as humanity becomes a spacefaring species.

Millions of Space habitats like O'Neill cylinders, when placed around the orbit of the Sun can provided multiple times the living space we have on Earth Image

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More from @zhao_dashuai

Sep 14
With the introduction of the diesel-electric hybrid tank by China; The ZTZ-100, we now can have sci-fi systems like:
♦️Electromagnetic armor (EFA)
♦️Electrothermal Chemical Gun (ETC gun)

Detailed thread on the future of land/armored warfare developed by China.
🧵 Image
The Type-100 family is made up of serval platforms, including the ZTZ-100 tank and the ZBD-100 fire support vehicle and they are only the start.

There will also be a 50 ton class heavy main battle tank with 125mm electrothermal chemical(ETC) gun with electromagnetic armor (EFA) Image
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We will also have a long range fire support vehicle with vertical launch systems (VLS), capable of storing 20+ long range (10km+) heavy anti-tank missiles.

They together create a network of systems on land, capable of first detection, first shot and first kill.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 7
A thread detailing the speed, range and trajectory of China's anti-ship hypersonic missiles.

Our potential enemies have no way of intercepting these missiles, so it's only fair to let them know, how their billion dollar ship will be destroyed.
🧵 Image
YJ-17 Ship launched hypersonic glide vehicle. (HGV launched from vertical launch systems)

Range: over 1000km.
Warhead: 300kg
Cruise speed: Mach 5-8.
Terminal speed: Mach 8+

Launch trajectory; Boosted to 50km altitude, glide in the upper atmosphere, then dive down at Mach 8+. Image
Image
YJ-19 submarine launched Scramjet hypersonic missile.

Range: over 600km.
Warhead: 160kg.
Cruise speed: Mach 5-6.
Terminal speed: Mach 6+

Launch trajectory; Boosted to 20km, cruise at a flat trajectory at 20km, then dive down from above at Mach 6+. Image
Image
Read 6 tweets
Aug 30
How China's 4th gen tank exemplifies the differences in force design between China and the US?🧵1/8

The US military has global projection needs, their weapons are not specialized to do certain tasks in certain regions against certain enemies. It's a case of jack of all trade.

Meanwhile, China's ZTZ-201 light MBT is specifically designed to fight in Taiwan and the Himalayas.Image
Taiwan's useful terrain is very flat, dotted with cities and towns that are less than 2km apart.

Hence engagement even for armored/mechanized forces will be that 2km dash over farmlands then into cities.
Short engagements between tanks, if it ever happens, will be from covered position shooting at each other.

This means drones and sensor networks are more important than pure mass in armor. Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 12
Comprehensive minute-by-minute illustrative thread, on how the Chinese aircraft carrier Fujian conducts cyclical attack operation.
🧵1/15

The optimal air wing composition:
⏺️24x J-35(green & red), divided into 2 attack waves of 12 each.
⏺️24x J-15T (blue & purple), divided into 2 attack waves of 12 each.
⏺️4x J-15D electronic warfare fighter (orange).
⏺️4x J-600 AEW&C (light blue).
⏺️~10 helicopters (black) for anti-submarine, search and rescue missions.Image
Cyclical operations are the most common attack mode of aircraft carriers, they divide the carrier airwing into attack waves and launch them with intervals in between.

This allows sustained operation for a long periods of time. Image
🔹Wave 1 (green J-35 stealth fighters) takes 12 minutes to launch 12x J-35, + 2 min to launch 1x KJ-600 (light blue) + 1 min to launch 2x J-15D EW fighter (orange).
= 15 minutes.

**Catapults can launch aircraft with 30 second intervals.Image
Read 15 tweets
Jul 5
A comprehensive thread about Chinese aircraft carrier operations.

How do we compare to the US aircraft carrier operations?

For the PLA navy, there are 2 main types of carrier attacks:
🔹Full-deck strike (Full deck sortie).
🔹Cyclical operation.
1/11🧵 Image
Full-deck strike is when we launch all fighters in a single strike package.

Cyclical operation is when we divide the fighters into attack waves, and launch them sequentially.

Full-deck strike is used when you want overwhelming firepower delivered in the initial phase of combat.
However, full-deck strike cannot be sustained for long, since all the fighters would need to land in a short span of time, which puts immense pressure on the deck crew to rearm and refuel.
Read 11 tweets
Jun 28
The most important characteristics to 6th generation fighter is stealth.

6th gen stealth means, All-Aspect Stealth (stealthy from all directions) and Broadband (multi-spectrum) stealth.

What is it, how does it work?
1/8🧵 Image
5th gen stealth is achieved by aligning control surfaces to as fewer directions as possible, this edge alignment ensures radar signals are reflected back towards specific directions.

This is a simplified explanation without going into specular reflections or creeping waves etc. Image
Image
HOWEVER, the problem with 5th gen stealth is that they are detectable by low frequency radars with long wavelengths.

Resonant scattering is when radar waves interact with a target in a way that causes them to be scattered strongly, often at specific frequencies, due to the target's size and shape resonating with the radar's wavelength.
Read 8 tweets

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