Mike Hoerger, PhD MSCR MBA Profile picture
Sep 9, 2023 4 tweets 3 min read Read on X
PMC C0VID-19 Tracker, Sep 6, 2023

U.S. #wastewater levels are higher than during 70% of the pandemic:
🔹1.95% (1 in 51) are infectious
🔹Nearly 1 million C0VID cases per day
🔹Causing >40,000 #LongCovid cases per day

Let's look at these wildly divergent forecasts for the next 4 weeks.

Real-time Model: If you assume Biobot is reporting accurate real-time wastewater data each week, follow the red line. This says we have peaked on our late summer wave. That would be great news in terms of less morbidity and mortality. The problem is that real-time reports have been prone to error lately, more often than not underestimating wastewater levels, and then corrected later.

Alt Model 1 (Turtle): The turtle model moves slow, like a turtle. It assumes the most recent week's data from Biobot are useless and ignores them. By ignoring the most recent data, it will be slow to detect a quick change in transmission, like a peak. It basically expects "more of the same" for a little longer. See green line.

Alt Model 2 (Cheetah): The cheetah model moves fast, like a cheetah. It assumes that if last week's Biobot wastewater data underreported levels by X% that this week's current real-time data are also underreporting by that same percent. Last week's real-time data were corrected upward by 15%, which makes a huge difference in forecasting whether we're leveling off or on a steep incline. The cheetah model has us getting up to 1.4 million cases/day, so this is a good model for a worst-case scenario. See yellow line.

Composite Model: This is the average of the three models. It's what we use in the red box for estimating cases 4 weeks from now. It's a good estimate if trying to cite a point estimate to coworkers (e.g., "The U.S. will see about 1 million new cases/day the next several weeks). However, from a forecasting perspective, it's less useful because the underlying models are so divergent. See black line.

Big-Picture Framing
The current state of the pandemic is extremely bad. Expect approximately 1 million new U.S. cases per day the next several weeks. Less if we're lucky, and more if we're not. As a psychologist, I would characterize denial about the current C0VID wave to peak in the next couple weeks. Most people believe "the pandemic is over" and we're "after C0VID." Expect further gaslighting for now.

#MaskUp #VaxUp #Ventilate #HEPA #CorsiRosenthalBox #remotework

1/
PMC 6-month view of wastewater levels, case estimates, and near-term forecast.   CURRENT ESTIMATES FOR September 6, 2023 Wastewater Levels (copies/mL) 641 New Daily Cases 933,000 % of Population Infectious 1.95% (1 in 51 people) New Daily Long C0VID Cases  47,000 to 187,000   4-WEEK FORECAST FOR October 4, 2023 Wastewater Levels (copies/mL) 716 (12% higher) New Daily Cases 1,042,000 % of Population Infectious 2.18% (1 in 46 people) New Daily Long C0VID Cases  52,000 to 208,000
Let's zoom out from the 6-month view to the full pandemic.

Given current levels and forecasts, we're in a wave of transmission similar to the winter of 2020-21 or Delta. 🔥🔥

178 million infections & >8 million #LongCovid cases in 2023 thus far.

2/ There is more COVID-19 transmission today        than during 70% of the pandemic.  CURRENT ESTIMATES FOR September 6, 2023 Wastewater Levels (copies/mL) 641 New Daily Cases 933,000 % of Population Infectious 1.95% (1 in 51 people) New Daily Long COVID Cases  47,000 to 187,000   WEEKLY ESTIMATES FOR September 6, 2023 New Weekly Cases 6,500,000 New Weekly Long COVID Cases  327,000 to 1,306,000   2023 CUMULATIVE ESTIMATES AS OF September 6, 2023 Total 2023 Cases To Date 178,600,000 Total 2023 Long COVID Cases To Date  8,930,000 to 35,720,000
With about 2% of the U.S. population actively infectious with C0VID, school and in-person work remain extremely risky.

Offer remote activities. #MaskUp. #VaxUp again when allowed. Read up on and improve indoor air quality. Avoid indoor dining. #RapidTest frequently.

3/ Number of People,	Chances Anyone is Infectious 1	2.0% 2	3.9% 3	5.7% 4	7.6% 5	9.4% 6	11.2% 7	12.9% 8	14.6% 9	16.3% 10	17.9% 15	25.6% 20	32.6% 25	38.9% 30	44.6% 35	49.8% 40	54.5% 50	62.7% 75	77.2% 100	86.1% 150	94.8% 200	98.1% 300	99.7% 400	>99.9% 500	>99.9% 25	38.9% 30	44.6% 35	49.8% 40	54.5% 50	62.7% 75	77.2% 100	86.1% 150	94.8% 200	98.1% 300	99.7% 400	>99.9% 500	>99.9%
Here's the full PMC C0VID-19 Dashboard for Sep 6, 2023.

Please share here and across other platforms if you found any of the above Tweets helpful. I'd love to hear how you're using the data and if it's helped you with any "wins" on #pandemic safety.

Thank you 🙏

4/
Overall PMC C0VID Dashboard. A series of tables and figures summarized in each of the preceding Tweets (text and alt text).

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More from @michael_hoerger

Jul 29
PMC COVID Dashboard, July 28, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵1/12

PMC estimates 400,000 new daily infections. 1 in 118 people actively infectious.

Weekly stats:
🔹2.8 million infections (>40x reported cases)
🔹>140,000 resulting #LongCOVID cases
🔹>1,000 resulting excess deaths Heat map Very High: Louisiana, Guam High: Hawai'i, Florida
PMC COVID Dashboard, July 28, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵2/12

Please excuse any typos and delays. Any time Mimal's boot turns deep red, we're doing local outreach in addition to dashboard work, etc.

If you don't know Mimal yet, you won't be able to unsee them.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMALDeep red boot = Louisiana
Minnesota (M), Iowa (I), Missouri (M), Arkansas (A), Louisiana (L) = Mimal  Louisiana is the boot.   Sometimes depicted with Kentucky fried chicken on a Tennessee pan.
PMC COVID Dashboard, July 28, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵3/12

It's HOT COVID SUMMER in the Deep South. No geographic/political prejudices, see next.

Covid is burning through Guam, Louisiana, Florida, and Texas (underestimate due to sites down). Louisiana: 1 in 32, Very High (CDC)
Texas: 1 in 98, Moderate (underestimate, CDC)
Guam: 1 in 25, Very High (CDC)
Florida: 1 in 59, High (CDC)
Read 12 tweets
Jul 25
U.S. CDC numbers just released. Good news (for those not in Louisiana). "Only" a 5% national increase.

2025 has closely tracked with summer 2023 transmission. A 12-13% increase would have been expected based on those numbers. That said... Up: Midwest, Northeast Down: West, South
real-time data have been prone to retroactive corrections. This is frustrating, of course, because it leaves people making decisions based on data that are only of good quality when 2 weeks old.

If we saw a 12% increase this week, I'd say look at 2023 for a glimpse...
at the future. Instead, I would consider these plausible scenarios:
🔹Wave still similar to 2023
🔹Later wave with schools more implicated
🔹Something temporarily much better

Of course, temporarily better often means...
Read 6 tweets
Jul 21
1. PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 21, 2025 (U.S.)

COVlD is surging in 7 states, according to the CDC.
🔹Hawai'i (Very High)
🔹California (High)
🔹Nevada (High)
🔹Texas (High)
🔹Louisiana (High)
🔹Florida (High)
🔹South Carolina (High) Heat map, summarized in post
2. PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 21, 2025 (U.S.)

Western surge:
🔹California: 1 in 63 actively infectious, much higher in LA & Bay areas
🔹Hawai'i: 1 in 35 actively infectious
🔹Nevada: 1 in 63 actively infectious

These are wastewater derived estimates, not from individual tests CA map with stat summarized in post
NV  map with stat summarized in post
HI  map with stat summarized in post
3. PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 21, 2025 (U.S.)

Southern surge:

🔹Texas: 1 in 56
🔹Louisiana (New Orleans): 1 in 65
🔹Florida: 1 in 66
🔹South Carolina: 1 in 71

Again, wastewater estimates (wise indicator), not individual testing (low-quality data). SC map and stat noted in post
LA map and stat noted in post
FL map and stat noted in post
TX map and stat noted in post
Read 12 tweets
Jul 15
1) PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 14, 2025 (U.S.) 🧵

We estimate 1 in 148 Americans are actively infectious. This equates to 2.3 million infections/week, expected to result in >100,000 new #LongCOVID conditions & >800 deaths.

A room of 100 people is a coin toss of an exposure. Figure shows each wave of the pandemic.   Tables: Current Levels for Jul 14, 2025	 % of the Population Infectious	 0.7% (1 in 148)	 New Daily Infections	 324000	 New Weekly Infections	 2268000	 Resulting Weekly Long COVID Cases	 113,000 to 454,000	 Resulting Weekly Excess Deaths	 800 to 1,300	 	 Monthly Forecast	 Average % of the Population Infectious	 1.3% (1 in 80)	 Average New Daily Infections	 598766.6667	 New Infections During the Next Month	 17963000	 Resulting Monthly Long COVID Cases	 898,000 to 3,593,000	 Resulting Monthly Excess Deaths	 6,400 to 10,700	 	 Running Totals	 Infection...
2) PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 14, 2025 (U.S.) 🧵

Transmission (red) is closely tracking the path of 2 years ago (yellow). However, the incoming data are spotty. >20% of CDC states have limited/no data, & Biobot hasn't reported in weeks.

Could be MUCH worse or slightly better. Graph of year over year transmission. The current year (red) is tracking the path of two years ago (yellow) extremely closely. Two years ago, the peak was around September 1, at about 1 million daily estimated infections, and significantly higher than the Delta wave (blue).
3) PMC COVlD Dashboard, July 14, 2025 (U.S.) 🧵

Our model formalizes the mathematical assumptions in those predictions. If transmission follows what we know in terms of how waves grow or slow generally and historical patterns, this is what we'd expect.

The spottiness of the current real-time data reduce precision substantially. Retroactive corrections can make the forecast jump around from better to worse from one week to the next. Expect the worst. Hope for the best.Graph shows national transmission expected to increase the next several weeks.
Read 11 tweets
Jul 2
🌍Want to track COVID transmission accurately worldwide?

This PMC thread walks you through leading dashboards with information more up to date than WHO & EU directories.

🧵 1/ World map, countries with high-quality up-to-date surveillance systems shown in blue.
The Pandemic Mitigation Collaborative (PMC) Dashboard provides weekly COVID updates for the U.S., using wastewater surveillance derived case estimation models and analytic forecasting.

We have added a list of international dashboards:
🧵 2/
pmc19.com/data/index.php…Australia: NSW Health Australia Department of Health, Western Australia Austria: Federal Government of Austria City of Vienna - Regional Coron-A Consortium Austria Czech Republic: State Health Institute Czech Republic Belgium: Belgian Institute for Health Canada: Government of Canada Andrew Young's Canada Visualization C19 Resources Canada * World Health Network (WHN) Canada **
Denmark: Statens Serum Institut Denmark Europe (multi-national): EU Wastewater Observatory Finland: National Institute for Health and Welfare Finland WHN Finland ** France: French Republic Data Airborne Risk Reduction Association (ARRA) France Zan Armstrong's France Visualization COVID Weather App France (Android, IOS, or Web) Thomas Delattre's France Visualization Germany: Infection Radar Germany Bay-VOC Bavaria Region Berlin Waterworks WHN Germany **
Hong Kong: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Hungary: National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy of Hungary India: Pune Knowledge Cluster of India Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre of India Ireland: Health Protection Surveillance Centre Ireland Japan: Japan Institute for Health Security Latvia: Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment Latvia Lithuania: National Public Health Centre of Luthuania Luxembourg: Microbs Luxembourg Netherlands: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Netherlands WHN Netherlands ** New Zealand: New Zealand Institute for...
Slovenia: National Institute of Public Health Slovenia Spain: Government of Catalonia - Regional South Africa: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of South Africa South Korea: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency Sweden: Pathogens Sweden Switzerland: Swiss Confederation Federal Office of Public Health ETH Zurich Switzerland WISE Dashboard U.K.: Public Health Scotland Buckinghamshire Disability Service (BuDS) U.K.  *See the numbers 1-21 along the lower left. Click on 3-6 for national and regional data. ** Click on the dropdown menu. May need to try a different web browser.
Our international directory includes official government dashboards & those developed by citizen scientists.

We exclude countries that have stopped reporting in the past 2-12 months even if on EU or WHO lists. We also exclude low-quality data from opt-in testing programs.
🧵 3/
Read 43 tweets
Jun 24
PMC COVlD Dashboard, Jun 23, 2025 (U.S.)

🔥Biggest uptick since Jan
🔥1 in 167 actively infectious
🔥>2 million weekly infections
🔥700-1,200 resulting excess deaths from weekly infections

Track transmission closer to home w/our new state & international resources 👇

🧵1/6
PMC COVlD Dashboard, Jun 23, 2025 (U.S.)

🔹With >90% probability, we have entered the 11th COVlD wave.
🔹In a room of 50 people, there is already a 1 in 4 chance of an exposure.
🔹We expect nearly 15 million infections in the next month, and rising.

🧵2/6Current Levels for Jun 23, 2025	 % of the Population Infectious	 0.6% (1 in 167)	 New Daily Infections	 287000	 New Weekly Infections	 2009000	 Resulting Weekly Long COVID Cases	 100,000 to 402,000	 Resulting Weekly Excess Deaths	 700 to 1,200	 	 Monthly Forecast	 Average % of the Population Infectious	 1.0% (1 in 97)	 Average New Daily Infections	 493300	 New Infections During the Next Month	 14799000	 Resulting Monthly Long COVID Cases	 740,000 to 2,960,000	 Resulting Monthly Excess Deaths	 5,300 to 8,800	 	 Running Totals	 Infections Nationwide in 2025	 74869000	 Average Number of Infect...
PMC COVlD Dashboard, Jun 23, 2025 (U.S.)

We continue to expect transmission to break 500,000 daily infections in the U.S. around July 9th.

This is the same prediction as last week, as the forecast was dead on. Yet, there is considerably uncertainty around this timing.

🧵3/6Longitudinal transmission, past 12 months and 1-month forecast
Read 6 tweets

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