Brian Feroldi (🧠,📈) Profile picture
Sep 10 12 tweets 4 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
Revenue and Income are NOT the same things.

Costs and Expenses are NOT the same things.

Net Income and Free Cash Flow are NOT the same things.

Confused? Here's a 2-minute breakdown: Costs vs expenses
Sales and revenue mean the same things.

Both are the money that comes in from customer payments.

They both refer to the “top line” of the income statement. Image
Orders and sales are NOT the same things.

Orders are when a customer places a request for the future delivery of a product or service.

Orders become sales when the product is actually shipped, or the service is performed. Image
Costs are different from expenses.

Costs are money spent on making a product or delivering a service (hence "cost of goods sold")

Expenses are money spent on developing, selling, accounting for, and managing the product or service. Costs vs expenses
Costs and expenses both become expenditures when money is actually sent to the vendors to pay the bills Expenditures
Profits, earnings, and net income all mean the same thing.

They are the “bottom line” of the income statement

They all represent what is left over after all of the costs & expenses are subtracted from the revenue Profit earning net income
Net income and free cash flow are NOT the same things!

Net income measures profitability on the income statement using accrual accounting.

Free cash flow measures cash flow that is available to shareholders on the cash flow statement using cash accounting. Net income vs cash flow
Accrual accounting and cash accounting are not the same things

Accrual accounting: revenue or expenses are recorded when they occur, not when payment is received or made

Cash accounting: transactions are recorded only when money goes in or out of an account Accrual vs cash accounting
Accounting is a great business skill to master, but it can be confusing.

Want to level up your skills?

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Image
Summary:

1: Revenue & Sales = Same
2: Costs = Making Product/Service
3: Expenses = Running the business
4: Profits, Earnings, Net Income = Same
5: Net Income = Accrual Accounting
6: Free Cash Flow = Cash Accounting
7: Accrual Accounting = 💳 ⌛️
8: Cash Accounting = 💵 ↔️
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More from @BrianFeroldi

Sep 6
How to analyze a Balance Sheet in less than 2 minutes: Image
The balance sheet is one of the three major financial statements.

It shows a company’s:
▪️Assets: What it owns
▪️Liabilities: What it owes
▪️Shareholders Equity: It's net worth

At a fixed point in time Balance Sheet
That “at a point in time” part is key!

A balance sheet is a SNAPSHOT of a company’s net worth.

It is measured at the end of a quarter/year. Image
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Sep 3
How to analyze a:

▪️Balance Sheet
▪️Income Statement
▪️Cash Flow Statement

In less than 5 minutes: Image
Every company has 3 financial statements.

Each answers a unique question:

1. Balance Sheet: What’s your net worth?

2. Income Statement: Are you profitable?

3. Cash Flow Statement: Are you generating cash?

Here's how to analyze each quickly: Image
1A: Balance Sheet

This tells you a company’s net worth at a specific point in time.

Layout: Image
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Aug 30
The most controversial term in accounting:

Stock-Based Compensation

How does it work? Why is it controversial?

Here’s a complete overview (in plain English): Image
How can shareholders incentivize executives & employees to think & act like owners?

Stock-based compensation (SBC) has become the standard answer.

SBC pays executives and employees with stock instead of cash.
In theory, SBC aligns employee + owner incentives.

Employees make more money when the stock goes up and less (or nothing) when the stock goes down.

This makes employees care about the direction of the stock.
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Aug 27
10 powerful visuals every investor should memorize:

1: Dollar-cost averaging makes market timing irrelevant. Image
2: Cash is short-term safe but long-term risky.

Stocks are short-term risky but long-term safe. Image
3: Expect the market to play all kinds of mind tricks on your emotions: Image
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Aug 20
A book EVERY stock investor should read:

Stocks for the Long Run by Jeremy Siegel

Here are 12 timeless lessons from this classic book (with visuals): Image
1: You double your purchasing power with stocks every 10 years (on average).

The long-term, real return (after inflation) on equities is 6.9%

That doubles your purchasing power every decade or so Image
2: Invest for the long term.

In the short run, stocks are volatile. In the long run, stocks outperform bonds. Image
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Aug 16
I have an MBA in finance.

But I’ve learned 10x more about investing from podcasts than I did in school.

Here are 10 podcasts that will make you a better investor: Image
1: All-In Podcast

A weekly podcast where @chamath, @Jason, @DavidSacks, & @friedberg talk about recent news and share an inside look at how venture investing works.
2: Animal Spirits

@awealthofcs & @michaelbatnick break down financial + market news plus share their insights into what they are thinking.
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