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Patrick Bouvier Kennedy - Wikipedia

Born prematurely, Kennedy lived just over 39 hours before dying from complications of hyaline membrane disease (HMD), after desperate attempts to save him failed. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_B…

Two daughters of Dominick Dunne and his wife Ellen Griffin Dunne died of RDS, one in 1958 and one in 1963.

For nearly a quarter-cenury after 15-year-old Martha Moxley was beaten to death with a golf club in the exelusive Greenwich, Connecticut, enclave of Belle Haven, police

were stymied. Michael Skakel, son of a wealthy neighbor and nephew of Ethel Kennedy, was indicted for murder. Dominick Dunne, who based his best-selling A Season in Purgatory on the crime, charts his fateful involvement with the case: a rumor heard at the William Kennedy Smith

trial, a growing friendship with Martha’s mother, shocking revelations by two informants—and a town that still may hold secrets about a girl’s violent death.

Condé Montrose Nast began his empire by purchasing the men's fashion magazine Dress in 1913. He renamed the magazine

Dress and Vanity Fair and published four issues in 1913.

Vanity Fair is notably a fictitious place ruled by Beelzebub in the book Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan.

Condé Nast announced in December 1935 that Vanity Fair would be folded into Vogue (circulation 156,000) as of the

March 1936 issue.

Condé Nast Publications, under the ownership of S.I. Newhouse, announced in June 1981 that it was reviving Vanity Fair.

Gene Pope Jr. attended Horace Mann, an exclusive boys' school in the Bronx where his best friends were Roy Cohn and S.I. Newhouse.

The first issue was released in February 1983 (cover date March), edited by Richard Locke, formerly of The New York Times Book Review. After three issues, Locke was replaced by Leo Lerman, veteran features editor of Vogue. He was followed by editor Tina Brown (1984–1992).

Harold Evans divorced Enid Parker in 1978, and he and Tina Brown married on August 20, 1981, at Grey Gardens, the East Hampton, New York, home of The Washington Post executive editor Ben Bradlee and Sally Quinn.

Ben Bradlee was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to

Frederick Josiah Bradlee, Jr., who was from the Boston Brahmin Bradlee family and who was an investment banker, and Josephine de Gersdorff, daughter of a Wall Street lawyer. His great uncle was Frank Crowninshield, founder and first editor of Vanity Fair.

Like many of his

classmates, Ben Bradlee anticipated the United States would eventually enter World War II and enrolled in the Naval ROTC at Harvard.

Ben Bradlee was assigned to the Office of Naval Intelligence, and served as a communications officer in the Pacific. He was assigned to the

destroyer USS Philip based off the shore of Guam and arriving at Guadalcanal with the Second Transport Group, part of Task Group 62.4, commanded by Rear Admiral Norman Scott.

After Yale, Bob Woodward began a five-year tour of duty in the United States Navy. During his service

in the Navy, Woodward served aboard the USS Wright, and was one of two officers assigned to move or handle nuclear launch codes the Wright carried in its capacity as a National Emergency Command Post Afloat (NECPA). At one time, he was close to Admiral Robert O. Welander, being

communications officer on the USS Fox under Welander's command.

Ben Bradlee appealed to family friends for job leads, and gained interviews at both The Baltimore Sun and The Washington Post. According to Bradlee, when the train arrived in Baltimore it was raining, so he stayed

on the train to Washington and was hired by The Washington Post as a reporter. He got to know associate publisher Phil Graham, who was the son-in-law of the publisher, Eugene Meyer.

Eugene Meyer was born to a Jewish family in Los Angeles, California, descended from a long line

of rabbis and civic leaders. He was one of eight children of Harriet (née Newmark) and Marc Eugene Meyer. His mother was the daughter of Joseph Newmark.

In 1920, Meyer teamed with William H. Nichols of General Chemical to help fulfill his vision of a bigger, better chemical

company. Meyer and Nichols combined five smaller chemical companies to create the Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, which later became Allied Chemical Corp., which in turn became part of AlliedSignal, the forerunner of Honeywell’s specialty materials business.

During World War I, Imperial Germany controlled much of the world's chemical production. This resulted in critical shortages of certain dyes, drugs and especially ammonia, a vital compound used to make fertilizers and explosives.

In 1920, “publisher” Eugene Meyer and noted

chemist William Ripley Nichols founded Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation in order to address this shortcoming in American industrial production. Allied was an amalgamation of five existing companies with a total capitalization of $175,000,000, including Barrett Chemical Company

(est. 1858), General Chemical Company (est. 1899), National Aniline & Chemical Company (est. 1917), Semet-Solvay Company (est. 1895), and the Solvay Process Company (est. 1881). All manufacturing was consolidated in Buffalo, and much attention was given to improving the

processes hastily introduced during World War I. Allied's first venture into new markets was the construction of a synthetic ammonia plant near Hopewell, Virginia in 1928.

IG Farben was founded in December 1925 as a merger of six companies: BASF (27.4% of equity capital);

Bayer (27.4%); Hoechst, including Cassella and Chemische Fabrik Kalle (27.4%); Agfa (9%); Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron (6.9%); and Chemische Fabrik vorm. Weiler Ter Meer (1.9%).

Painting from Hermann Groeber, The IG Farben supervisory board, commonly known as the "Council of Gods", in 1926.

Similar mergers took place in other countries. In the United Kingdom Brunner Mond, Nobel Industries, United Alkali Company and British Dyestuffs merged to form

Imperial Chemical Industries in September 1926. In France Établissements Poulenc Frères and Société Chimique des Usines du Rhône merged to form Rhône-Poulenc in 1928.

Camille Poulenc became interested in radium in 1900 and met Pierre and Marie Curie, who gave him a sample of

the metal so he could study its effects.

Marie Curie won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium, using techniques she invented for isolating radioactive isotopes.

Despite Curie's fame as a scientist working for France, the

public's attitude tended toward xenophobia—the same that had led to the Dreyfus affair—which also fuelled false speculation that Curie was Jewish.

Zadoc Kahn helped obtain financial assistance via auspices of the Rothschild family for Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy, in June 1894;

whom later would be deeply implicated in the Dreyfus affair.

Marc Eugene Meyer is the brother-in-law, Zadoc Kahn, was the Grand Rabbi of France.

Dreyfus' grandchildren donated over three thousand documents to the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme (Museum of Jewish Art and

History), including personal letters, photographs of the trial, legal documents, writings by Dreyfus during his time in prison, personal family photographs, and his officer stripes that had been ripped off as a symbol of treason.

Marc Eugene Meyer’s daughter,

Florence Meyer Blumenthal, married George Blumenthal.

George Blumenthal a foreign-exchange banker was sent to the United States by Speyer & Co., and rose to prominence as the head of the U.S branch of Lazard Frères. He was also a partner of Lazard Frères in France. He retired

from Lazard in 1901, giving up his seat on the stock exchange, and returned as a partner in 1906. He returned to the stock exchange in 1916, purchasing a seat for $63,000. With J. P. Morgan the elder, he was one of five bankers who saved Grover Cleveland from giving up specie

payments in 1896, with their $65,000,000 gold loans.

Grover Cleveland's agrarian and silverite enemies gained control of the Democratic Party in 1896, repudiated his administration and the gold standard, and nominated William Jennings Bryan on a free-silver platform.

Cleveland silently supported the Gold Democrats' third-party ticket that promised to defend the gold standard, limit government, and oppose high tariffs, but he declined their nomination for a third term. The party won only 100,000 votes in the general election, and

William McKinley, the Republican nominee, triumphed easily over Bryan.

The two Gold Democrat supporters of Palmer and Buckner who enjoyed the greatest fame in subsequent years were those bulwarks of progressivism, Louis Brandeis and Woodrow Wilson.

In the presidential election of 1872, Illinois Governor John McAuley Palmer received three electoral votes for vice president by electors who had voted for the Liberal Republican Party's vice presidential candidate B. Gratz Brown for president after the death of Horace Greeley.

Hjalmar Schacht (born Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht was born in Tingleff, Prussia, German Empire (now in Denmark) to William Leonhard Ludwig Maximillian Schacht and Baroness Constanze Justine Sophie von Eggers, a native of Denmark. His parents, who had spent years in the

United States, originally decided on the name Horace Greeley Schacht, in honor of the American journalist Horace Greeley.

Schacht joined the Dresdner Bank in 1903. In 1905, while on a business trip to the United States with board members of the Dresdner Bank, Schacht met the

famous American banker J. P. Morgan, as well as U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. He became deputy director of the Dresdner Bank from 1908 to 1915.

During the First World War, Schacht was assigned to the staff of General Karl von Lumm (1864–1930), the Banking Commissioner for

German-occupied Belgium, to organize the financing of Germany's purchases in Belgium. He was summarily dismissed by General von Lumm when it was discovered that he had used his previous employer, the Dresdner Bank, to channel the note remittances for nearly 500 million francs of

Belgian national bonds destined to pay for the requisitions.

From 1872 until his retirement in 1920, Eugen Gutmann  (1840-1925) was Dresdner Bank chairman of the board.

Friedrich Bernhard Eugen "Fritz" Gutmann (15 November 1886 – 13 April 1944) was born in Berlin to

Sophie Magnus (1852–1915) and Eugen Gutmann (1840-1925).

His father had founded in 1872 the Dresdner Bank. A convert from Judaism, Eugen Gutmann ran the bank in Berlin for over 40 years, developing it into a major German financial operation with an international reach.

In the spring of 1941, Karl Haberstock, the Nazi art dealer active in Paris, visited Heemstede to "buy" the Gutmann collection (the offer was described as a "forced sale"). Friedrich was obliged to sell many artworks and unsuccessfully sought to avoid further Nazi pressure, even

having an appeal for protection in 1942 made to Heinrich Himmler, the Nazi SS chief. On May 26, 1943, SS officials came to Heemstede and led away Friedrich and Louise, telling the couple that they were being taken to Berlin. In fact, they were sent to the Theresienstadt

concentration camp. In April 1944, a witness saw Friedrich beaten to death in nearby Small Fortress; in October 1944, Louise was sent to Auschwitz, where she was murdered.

In October 1995 Simon Goodman found a photograph of one of the looted items in a 1994 exhibition catalogue

from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. "Landscape with Smokestacks" ("Paysage Avec Fumée de Cheminées," 1890), a pastel over monotype by Edgar Degas, was cited in the catalogue as belonging to Daniel C. Searle, a pharmaceutical billionaire living near Chicago.

Previously in the collection of Max Silberberg, who put it for auction, Friedrich Gutmann had bought that work in 1931, and in 1939 sent it to the art firm of Paul Graupe et Cie in Paris for safekeeping. The painting reached New York from Switzerland in 1951 and was sold to

American collector Emile Wolf. In 1987, it was purchased from Wolf by Searle for $850,000, after he obtained the advice of experts at the Art Institute of Chicago (where he was a life trustee), on which he "relied heavily."

Paul Graupe was involved in the liquidation of numerous

art collections, such as that of Max Alsberg, who committed suicide in 1933. Nazi persecution of Jews included the seizure of assets and the imposition of special taxes like the Reich Flight Tax. In January 1934 Max Alsberg's art collection was auctioned off by Graupe. In 1935,

Max Silberberg's extensive picture collection and library were sold off at Graupe. Rosa Oppenheimer's collection was sold in a forced auction in 1935. Other Jewish collections which passed through Graupe in the Nazi era include Oscar Wassermann,van Dieman, Emma Budge and

Leo Lewin.

From 1936 Paul Graupe ran his Paris business in partnership with Arthur Goldschmidt. At the beginning of the war in 1939, he escaped internment in France because he was in Switzerland. The company's warehouse in Paris was looted by Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg

after the German invasion of France in 1940. Graupe managed to escape with his wife to the US in 1941, where he had great difficulty in doing business. Only the painting "The Man is at Sea" by Vincent van Gogh could be smuggled out of occupied France, and Graupe sold it to

Errol Flynn.

Flynn followed this with his most famous movie, The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), playing the title role, opposite de Havilland's Marian. This movie was a global success. It was the 6th-top movie grosser of 1938. It was also the studio's first large-budget

colour film using the three-strip Technicolor process.

In late 1942, two 17-year-old girls, Betty Hansen and Peggy Satterlee, separately accused Flynn of statutory rape at the Bel Air home of Flynn's friend Frederick McEvoy, and on board Flynn's yacht Sirocco, respectively.

The scandal received immense press attention. Many of Flynn's fans founded organisations to publicly protest the accusation. One such group, the American Boys' Club for the Defense of Errol Flynn—ABCDEF—accumulated a substantial membership that included William F. Buckley Jr.

Buckley remained at Yale working as a Spanish instructor from 1947 to 1951 before being recruited into the CIA like many other Ivy League alumni at that time; he served for two years, including one year in Mexico City working on political action for E. Howard Hunt, who was later

imprisoned for his part in the Watergate scandal.

In 1971 the Robert Mullen Company was purchased by future U.S. Senator Robert Foster Bennett, son of U.S. Senator Wallace Foster Bennett.

In 1972 the company received public attention in relation to the Watergate scandal when

staff writer E. Howard Hunt, a former CIA intelligence case officer and Mullen employee, was revealed to have been running a group of Nixon Administration "plumbers" responsible for the break-in.

Bennett's principal client at the time of the Watergate was the CIA-aligned

Summa Corporation, the holding company of billionaire Howard Hughes. In 1974, after his CIA ties and those of the Mullen Company had been revealed by the Watergate investigation, he closed the Company and joined Summa full-time as the public relations director for the parent

firm and Vice President for Public Affairs for Hughes Airwest, the airline.

Notable Mullen Company Clients:
•American Bar Association
•The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
•American Automobile Association
•General Foods

•United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
•Central Intelligence Agency

Stan Pottinger held the position of the Director of the Office for Civil Rights at the Department of Health, Education and Welfare from 1970 to 1973.

Elliot Richardson served as

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1970 to 1973.

In 1980, the FBI put a wiretap in the Gulf Capital Corp. when Stan Pottinger recommended a man named Cyrus Hashemi be used to carry a message to Ayatollah Khomeini, NBC reported.
Stan Pottinger, who headed the

Justice Department's civil rights division under Ford and Nixon with a world beating spypenis, was Hashemi's lawyer after leaving government service.

In mid-1985, Cyrus Hashemi was partnered with Adnan Khashoggi in "World Trade Group", "a joint venture ... that was seeking to

trade farm equipment, oil and military weapons with Iran."

In June 1985 Hashemi approached William Casey with a new arms-for-hostages plan. The Los Angeles Times reported in 1988 that "according to newly declassified CIA and State Department memos, Hashemi approached then-CIA

Director William J. Casey with an arms-for-hostages plan of his own that was strikingly similar to the one that would soon be embraced by the White House as its secret Iran arms initiative."

A June 1985 CIA memo documented a call regarding a potential arms-for-hostages deal from

Hashemi to Shaheen. The Times said in 1988 it had discovered that Hashemi was meeting with Adnan Khashoggi and Manucher Ghorbanifar, and that Hashemi's efforts to arrange a deal collapsed in August 1985 due to Kashoggi's competing efforts to arrange US access to Ghorbanifar via

Robert McFarlane.

Fawn Hall's mother, Wilma Hall, was secretary to Robert McFarlane, Reagan's national security advisor, North's superior and a major player in the Iran-Contra affair.
In one mishap, Hall transposed the digits of a Swiss bank account number, resulting in a

contribution from the Sultan of Brunei to the Contras being credited to a Swiss businessman Bruce Rappaport’s bank account instead of the intended account.

In 1980, Konstantin Kagalovsky graduated from the Moscow Finance Institute with a PhD in economics. In the late 1980s, he

was a member of a group of young free-market economists, and was a close associate of Anatoly Chubais, who has been both praised and criticised for his involvement in the mass privatization of state assets after the fall of the Soviet Union.

In November 1994, Kagalovsky became

the deputy chairman of Bank Menatep, and was a close associate of formerly jailed oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and his colleague, Platon Lebedev. In November 1995, Menatep took part in a mortgage auction, which resulted in its takeover of the oil company Yukos obtaining a

45% stake for only $159 million.

In 1999, Kagalovsky, his wife Natasha Kagalovsky, an executive at the Bank of New York, and Bruce Rappaport, a major shareholder of Bank of New York were accused of money laundering, however they denied any wrongdoing, and charges were never

filed.

During the 1980s, James McKay, an independent prosecutor, was appointed to investigate alleged financial improprieties by Edwin Meese while he was attorney general. As part of this investigation, McKay looked into Meese's involvement in a Bechtel pipeline deal in the

Middle East. The pipeline was to extend from Iraq to Jordan and was negotiated by Edwin Meese, Shimon Peres, Bruce Rappaport, Robert C. McFarlane, and others.

Following the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, during the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Marc Rich

used his special relationship with Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, to buy oil from Iran despite the American embargo. According to Forbes Magazine, Asadollah Asgaroladi was also the secret business partner of Rich in helping bypass U.S. sanctions against Iran

after the Iranian revolution.

Iran would become Rich's most important supplier of crude oil for more than 15 years. Rich sold Iranian oil to Israel through a secret pipeline. Due to his good relationship with Iran and Ayatollah Khomeini, Rich helped give Mossad's agents contacts

in Iran.

Marc Rich and Marvin Davis bought 20th Century Fox in 1981. Due to the indictment filed against Rich for violating U.S. trade sanctions against his deals with Iran while Rich was living in Switzerland, his assets including his holding in 20th Century Fox were frozen.

Davis was permitted by authorities to purchase Rich's holding and subsequently sold this to Rupert Murdoch for $232 million during March 1984.