🧵1. In the #UkraineRussia war, volunteers assemble #drones for military use. Most components are imported from China but some are made locally. Russian volunteers (kb70ru Конструкторское дизайн бюро) designed a drone that uses a frame made from plywood. vk.com/kb70ru
2. A computer-controlled router is used to cut the drone frames out of 9mm thick plywood. t.me/kb70ru/366
3. A laser cutter is used to cut parts out thinner plywood. The laser cutter is more accurate but is limited to cutting thinner materials.
4. An advantage of this design is it's easy to make different size frames for different applications (the inch sizes refer to the propeller diameter):
5" Training (there is a large training program)
6" Reconnaissance
7" Kamikaze (attack)
9" Bomber t.me/kb70talks/8924
5. Some interesting observations can be made. This project appears to be largely the initiative of one person (Alexey). The workshop used for development is not very big or fancy.
6. However, the automated router and laser cutter can produce a lot of drone frames in a few days.
7. Keep in mind that there is a lot more to a drone than the frame. The frame needs to be assembled and 4 motors, 4 propellers, ELRS receiver, flight controller stack, camera, video transmitter, antennas & battery need to be installed.
8. Since all the drone parts are hobby-grade & made in China it is easy to determine the cost effectiveness of this home-made frame. At best, it reduces the cost of a drone by about 10 to 15%.
9.This cost estimate was verified in a post, “Six copters were paid for by concerned citizens. Production of one drone costs about 40,000 rubles and a month of waiting for the delivery of components.” vk.com/kb70ru?w=wall-…
10. The frames are given to other groups to assemble. Photos confirm that many of these frames were used to make drones. But how many frames were made and how many resulted in a drone?
11. Apparently, these volunteers were not keeping track but instead estimated 500 frames from the number of nylon standoffs used (6 per drone). But no one knows how many of these frames were made into drones. t.me/kb70talks/9099
12. Keep in mind that to turn 500 frames into drones would require about US$200,000 worth of components. In a poor and corrupt country like Russia, it’s not clear how this would work out. Many frames were shipped and subsequently disappeared.
13. Some Russian sources claim that huge numbers of drones are being made each day. Because the volunteers are not keeping track of their own production, these (partially) official numbers cannot be accurate. t.me/vatfor/8784
14. In spite of their efforts, this project was not approved for Russian government funding. “Ahaha plywood frames did not pass the selection of the high state commission))))” This rejection resulted in bitterness and may have dampened their enthusiasm. t.me/kb70talks/7344
15. In summary, this group of Russian volunteers worked very hard, made drones and had successes but still did not obtain government funding. Without serious money, it’s not clear how big their impact will be in a quickly evolving war.
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1. A good defense against a drone is another drone. Both Ukraine and russia are developing net launchers that tangle an enemy drone’s propellers. Shown here is a russian-designed net launcher made largely from 3D-printed components. These are carried by a drone.
2. When triggered, four springs eject four weights that are attached to the net. The net simply hangs below this launcher. The release is a ring that slides upwards when moved by a servo.
3. This gives a better view of the release mechanism. The release is a ring that prevents the 4 weights from being ejected by the springs. This ring is connected to the servo via a link. The servo can then pull the release ring upwards along the cylindrical body of the launcher.
1. There was a pleasant and interesting surprise today when Ukraine announced a new drone missile called Peklo (Hell). It will take a while to analyse this weapon but there are a number of intriguing design elements.
2. This photo gives a good idea of its size. Range is reported as over 700 km so this drone must hold a very large fuel tank. The size of the warhead will likely depend on the required range. Speed is reported as over 700 km/h (435 mph).
3. The most obvious detail is the engine is mounted on top of the drone. This engine is similar to the PBS TJ40 but could be customised for this drone. The external engine greatly simplifies the design and also allows a different make or model of engine to be used.
1. A curious Ukrainian drone that crashed in September, 2024 was widely reported in russian media. Although various folks claimed this wreckage showed the remains of a jet engine, things did not look right.
2. Here is a closer view of this object. The trouble is that most jet engines used in drones do not look like this. If not an engine, what is this? The following photographs will (partially) explain what this is.
3. This is a rare photo showing an intact example of this jet-powered drone. Wing span is roughly 3 m (10 feet). The airframe is made from carbon fibre. The overall design is really intriguing.
1. Mystery solved, sort of. Early in 2024 a number of strange drones crashed in russia: a typical wreckage is shown here. I spent a lot of time trying to determine who made these but recently the manufacturer publicity announced this drone 🙃. Regardless, here is what I found.
2. It’s not a secret but it is an interesting design. The fuselage is a carbon-fibre cylinder with fancy aluminum bulkheads. Wings and V-tail are composite construction with foam and wood internal structures. This is an expensive airframe compared to some other drones.
3. This photo gives an idea of its size. The power & programming ports are visible here. Intact propellers indicate these 2 drones crashed because the engines were not running. There are very nice mounts for the wings & tail fins.
1. Ukrainian cities have been targeted by thousands of russian Shahed-136 (Geranium-2) drones. Although Ukraine has flown plenty of long-range drones into russia, it did not have a drone similar to the Shahed-136. But it might have one now.
2. There is no single good photo of this drone so I made this rough sketch to give an idea what it looks like. Conceptually, it is very similar to the Shahed-136. The Ukrainian drone may have a larger diameter fuselage and be a bit shorter but it is hard to be certain.
3. In July 2024, one of these drones crashed in russia resulting in a couple of photos. This is the underside of the engine as the drone's exhaust points upwards. The engine has a bracket added that is likely a prop guard. Note the electric start on this single-use engine.
1. A hinge from a Shahed-136 kamikaze drone tells a story. The russians call this drone the Geranium-2. Here, a worker sketched a geranium before the drone was assembled, telling us this drone was likely assembled in russia not Iran. This photo was posted by @ConnieLingus123
2. This hinge appears to be well designed, likely after several iterations of refinement. The overall design is such that the left and right sides are identical or almost identical. This makes production easier as there are fewer unique components.
3. Two large plates are probably cut from stainless steel sheet, possibly using a waterjet. There are two aluminum components that are likely made with die casting to avoid expensive machining.