2. This jammer is sold as the, PARS-F “Filya" UAV countermeasure system. For no apparent reason, it comes in two case styles but are otherwise identical. The pouch probably holds a battery charger. It sells for a hefty 186000 rubles (US$2040). 
2. This drone has a number of distinguishing design features that identify who made it. The fuselage is made from plywood using rather nice joints and the fuel tank is slung underneath in an open frame. We seen this style of aircraft previously. 
2. Here is a test of thier largest incendiary. The yellow stuff pouring off the plate is molten metal. This device quickly melted a hole through an 8 mm (0.3”) thick steel plate. 👀
2. The balloon is a long black cylinder filled with either helium or hydrogen gas. Hydrogen can lift more weight and is much cheaper. The payload is distributed along a string beneath the balloon. 
2. An interesting feature is the fuselage formed from two aluminum tubes. The wing is made from foam with a span of roughly 2 m. The wings are very simple with parallel leading and trailing edges (constant chord). 
2. The mediocre image quality will make evaluation more difficult. There are many curious details including how the exhaust is mounted. These will take a while to sort out. Better images would help. 
2. The circuit board looks a lot like a standard BetaFPV 915 or 868 MHz receiver but it is missing the wifi antenna & associated components. 
2. This is an excellent view of the foam inserts that main shape of the wing’s leading edge. Also visible is how the aluminum spars join the fuselage box to the wing. It is a very simple but strong design. 
2. The wing is very simple and uses 2 aluminum tubes for spars. Wood ribs were likely cut on a CNC router. Foam inserts maintain leading-edge shape (a very good idea) and were probably cut with a hot wire. 
2. A previous thread provides additional information. To a high degree, the construction appears exactly the same.
2. The only official photo of this drone is a desktop model complete with a cat & flowers. However, it turns put this model is quite accurate. It has a 3-blade pusher propeller with a twin-boom V-tail. Cooling intakes on the sides suggest a boxer engine. 
2. The total amount of equipment lost in #Ukraine by both sides is huge. Russia has close to 15,000 verified equipment losses and Ukraine has over 5,000. One would expect the stores of old equipment to run low at some point.
2. Ukraine states, “Now about the not funny stuff. We are seeing this problem more and more on the front lines. ... The solution is primitive, but if the interference power is greater than or equal to, then they interrupt the picture from the drone.”
2. It is helpful to identify the engines being used by Ukraine. This can be can be difficult. One problem is that each model has many options & variations. Shown here is a single model that has various cylinder fins (green arrows) & exhausts (red arrows). 
2. This drone contained a large munition that did not explode. It is said to be, ”a cumulative fragmentation type, weighing about 14 kilograms”. If anyone knows what the copper disc is for, please comment. 
2. Ukraine took a Breakwater device apart and the results are puzzling. The top cover is made from incredibly thin plastic that has been painted. It is held on by screws threaded into weak plastic posts: cheap consumer goods are made this way.
2. The antennas are sold on AliExpress (Russia) by a company called LR FPV. One strange aspect is that the buyer must source a module and solder it to the antenna. Modules are available but not common.
2. There have been a few previous crashes of this model of drone. One of the crash sites showed a lot of detail including a C3-6 explosive. It is not clear why this drone crashed largely intact.
2. Many negative opinions were probably based on the two foreground aircraft in this photo. That was a mistake because a close inspect suggests these are prototypes and the important aircraft are in the background. (Carb heat is necessary to prevent icing.) 
2. The Beaver uses a DLE 170 engine and a large fuel tank to give a very long range. Some were found to have jam-resistant GPS receivers. Beavers have flown to Krasnodar and also to Moscow where office buildings were damaged.
2. The history of radio-controlled (RC) aircraft provides insight. Hobbyists have been building and flying RC aircraft for decades. Fifty years ago, radio controls were simple but very expensive. This example cost $300, which is about $1,700 in 2023. 
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