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Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
@vipintukur
Oct 13 • 6 tweets • 2 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
There have been many studies in the past on why young children have lower rates of severe COVID than adults. Now, a recent NIH-supported research finds that infection stimulated robust antibody titers in kids that, unlike in adults, showed no sign of decay for up to 300 days 1/ Image
Infants mounted a robust mucosal immune response characterized by inflammatory cytokines, interferon (IFN) α, and T helper (Th) 17 and neutrophil markers (interleukin [IL]-17, IL-8, and CXCL1). 2/
The immune response in blood was characterized by upregulation of activation markers on innate cells, no inflammatory cytokines, but several chemokines and IFNα. 3/
The IFNα correlated with viral load and expression of interferon-stimulated genes in myeloid cells. Together, these data provide a snapshot of immunity to infection during the initial weeks and months of life. 4/

cell.com/cms/attachment…
Here is the correct link of the study:

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
And, the plain language summary of the above study👇

nih.gov/news-events/ne…

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More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 14
#Nanobodies serve as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry in the host cell by targeting Spike protein. However, due to the high frequency of mutations that affect Spike, these nanobodies may not target it to their full potential & inhibition of viral entry may not be efficient. 1/ Image
Researchers, in a new study, have established a pipeline that instead targets highly conserved viral proteins that are made only after viral entry into the host cell when the SARS-Cov-2 RNA-based genome is translated. 2/
They designed nanobodies against the SARS-CoV-2 NSP9 protein, required for viral genome replication. To find out if this strategy efficiently blocks viral replication, one of these anti-NSP9 nanobodies, 2NSP23 was encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as mRNA. 3/ Image
Read 10 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 13
Novel treatment options for COVID-19:

➡️ COVID-19 is known to be associated with severe thrombosis and coagulopathy and therefore, modulating the immune-coagulative response in the host may serve as a potential therapeutic target against COVID-19. 1/ Image
➡️ Intranasal administration of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in mice led to control of inflammation and hemostatic changes

➡️ Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 demonstrated an improvement in endothelial dysfunction & vascular oxidative stress in obese mice 2/
There is data to suggest the beneficial role of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics against COVID-19 disease. Studies conducted in humans and animals have shown their ability to exert various immuno-modulating actions. 3/ Image
Read 4 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 12
The spike protein in active virus is highly dynamic w/ multiple levels of flexibility including, membrane diffusibility, stalk region knee-like motion, RBD Down to Up transition & open-trimer formation. It is highly susceptible to change in temperature, pH & glycosylation. 1/
Structural analysis using inactivated viruses or recombinant proteins is essential, however, the effect of mutations, chemical fixations, and trimerization tags shall be considered. 2/
Hence, it is crucial to study viral proteins in their native, active state. Cryo-ET at BSL3 facility is expected to be an indispensable method to tackle current and future pandemics. 3/
Read 7 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 11
A marked absence of inflammation despite evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the eye, contrary to what is observed in other viral eye infections such as herpesvirus, where infection is typically associated with significant inflammation and tissue damage. 1/ Image
Investigators from Philadelphia evaluated eyes from 25 patients with COVID-19 at autopsy. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in neuronal cells of the retina, ganglion cells, corneal epithelia, scleral fibroblasts, and oligodendrocytes of the optic nerve in all 21 patients. 2/
Common histopathological findings associated with infection included cytoid bodies, vascular changes, and retinal edema. Although SARS-CoV-2 infected many cell types in the eye, there was minimal to no inflammation associated with the infection.  3/ Image
Read 4 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 10
A new study offers novel insights on inflammation dynamics that drive lethal SARS-CoV-2. They expand the dimensions of cytokine storm by linking alterations in canonical & "non-canonical" IFN-signaling genes for their role in signaling overactivity of the RAAS pathway. 1/ Image
The study revisits the development of cytokine storm in severe and lethal COVID-19 using RNA sequencing in nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from both COVID-19-positive and negative individuals. 2/
In nasal swabs, the top 100 genes expressed, and significantly correlated with COVID-19 viral load, indeed include many canonical innate immune genes. 3/
Read 8 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Oct 6
An interesting study!

Weather #LongCovid is associated with autoantibodies directed against brain tissues?

Researchers in a new study measured IgA/IgM/IgG to several neuronal proteins, human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) & SARS-CoV-2 in 90 LongCOVID patients & 90 healthy controls. 1/
They find that #LongCOVID is associated with significant increases in IgG directed at tubulin (IgG-tubulin), MBP, MOG and synapsin; IgM-MBP, MOG, CP2, synapsin and BBD; and IgA-CP2 and synapsin. 2/ Image
IgM-SARS-CoV-2 and IgM-HHV-6 antibody titers were significantly correlated with IgA/IgG/IgM-tubulin and -CP2, IgG/IgM-BBD, IgM-MOG, IgA/IgM-NFP, and IgG/IgM-synapsin. 3/
Read 5 tweets

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