Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Pediatrician, ‘rational’ vaccine thinker, Editor Covid Vaccines, TB on Vaccines & many others, Past-Convener IAP COI, Member-WHO-VSN (https://t.co/eOvazlWULO)
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Apr 3 9 tweets 3 min read
Researchers have developed an oral antiviral drug candidate for COVID-19 that could overcome major limitations of Paxlovid, currently the most prescribed oral treatment. 1/ Image As with its predecessor, the new drug candidate, Jun13296, targets a different viral protein than Paxlovid does and works alone rather than in combination with another drug called ritonavir. 2/ Image
Apr 2 8 tweets 3 min read
Even after 5 yrs since its arrival, SARS-CoV-2 mutations keep emerging. A new variant LP.8.1 is rising. Almost 1 in 5 COVID cases in New South Wales are it. In the UK, it accounts for at least 3 in 5 cases. Just what is LP.8.1? Is it worrying? 1/ Image LP.8.1 was first detected in July 2024. It’s a descendant of Omicron, specifically of KP.1.1.3, which is descended from JN.1, a subvariant that caused large waves of COVID infections around the world in late 2023 and early 2024. 2/ Image
Apr 1 17 tweets 5 min read
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds fibrinogen, causing thrombo-inflammation, according to a recent study. The virus must bind to fibrinogen, but why? Could this relationship help the virus evolve? Could this cause post-COVID heart attacks? 1/ Image Scientists often think they grasp a virus's anatomy, tricks, and body movement. But occasionally, we discover something unexpected that radically transforms how we view an infection. 2/ Image
Mar 27 10 tweets 4 min read
COVID-19 increases the risk of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. The virus alters the immune system in unknown ways, making it difficult to design medicines to prevent post-COVID autoimmunity. 1/ Image One leading hypothesis involves viral “molecular mimics”—proteins from the virus that resemble the body’s own proteins. These mimics may trigger an immune response against the virus but unintentionally cause the immune system to target healthy tissues as well. 2/ Image
Mar 27 12 tweets 4 min read
mRNA-COVID-19 vaccines train the 'long-term memory' of immune system

Researchers have determined that the novel mRNA-COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as antibody production, but also cause persistent epigenetic changes in innate immune cells 1/ Image Thus, vaccination with mRNA vaccines could lead to an enhanced immune response to future encounters with pathogens which are not specifically targeted by the vaccine. 2/ Image
Mar 26 6 tweets 2 min read
In a proof-of-concept study, people with cognitive impairment in #LongCOVID were found to have asymmetrical glymphatic dysfunction in the left hemisphere of the brain which also correlated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). 1/ Image A group of researchers used special MRI techniques to assess perivascular spaces in the brain of 14 individuals with LongCOVID compared to 10 healthy controls. 2/ Image
Mar 25 10 tweets 4 min read
Sugar coatings aren't only for candies; they also help viruses, like the ones that cause COVID-19, hide from their hosts' immune system.

Now, researchers have developed a universal vaccine that targets coronaviruses and the sugars that they use as cover. 1/ Image As demonstrated in animal studies, the vaccine removed sugar molecules from an area of a coronavirus spike protein that rarely mutates and created effective and plentiful antibodies to inactivate the virus. 2/ Image
Mar 25 8 tweets 3 min read
A NEW study found an increase in both the prevalence and severity of refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism after the COVID-19 pandemic. Corneal changes especially along the steepest meridian may explain some of the progression of corneal astigmatism. 1/ Image During the COVID-19 pandemic, school closures and lockdowns kept children indoors at unprecedented levels. Learning, play, and communication shifted almost entirely to digital screens. 2/
Mar 25 4 tweets 2 min read
Could your daily cup of tea during pregnancy give your child a cognitive advantage?

A new study finds that children of mothers who regularly drink tea throughout pregnancy exhibit higher cognition and fine and gross motor skills. 1/ Image New research shows that tea, not coffee, may affect early brain development. Despite its higher caffeine concentration, coffee did not boost cognition, showing that polyphenols and catechins in tea may contribute to brain development. 2/ Image
Mar 19 10 tweets 4 min read
A NEW study finds that H5N1 influenza viral lineages are beginning to evade human immunological defenses. This indicates current and future H5N1 viral lineages pose a greater risk to human health—including the possibility of increased transmission in humans. 1/ Image This new computational modeling of avian influenza variants' immunoprotein interactions reveals the H5N1 influenza virus is evolving to escape immunological defenses raised by previous infection or vaccination in mammals. 2/ Image
Mar 17 7 tweets 3 min read
Researchers find that severe COVID-19 can disrupt peroxisomes in macrophages, an immune cell type specialized in engulfing cellular debris and pathogens. This disruption led to impaired lung repair, prolonged inflammation, and chronic fibrosis. 1/ Image Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound structures within cells that play a crucial role in synthesizing and breaking down fat. 2/ Image
Mar 12 19 tweets 5 min read
What causes MIS-C in children?

Researchers have identified that reactivation of a pre-existing, dormant infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) triggers an excessive inflammatory response. 1/ Image They establish a connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 sequelae in children, in which impaired T cell cytotoxicity triggered by TGFβ overproduction leads to EBV reactivation and subsequent hyperinflammation. 2/ Image
Mar 12 8 tweets 2 min read
According to a NEW study, among 289 million adults in 18 European countries, more than 16 million years of life were lost from 2020 through 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 1/ Image Many people who died during the pandemic would likely have lived longer if the pandemic had not happened.More than half of the total years of life lost would have been lived without disability & independently if the pandemic had been avoided, even among people aged over 80. 2/
Mar 4 13 tweets 4 min read
A NEW study finds that staying away from smartphones can even change one's brain chemistry. Brain scans showed significant activity shifts in reward & craving regions of the brain, resembling patterns seen in substance or alcohol addiction. 1/ Image A smartphone's glow is often the first and last thing we see as we wake up in the morning and go to sleep at the end of the day. It is increasingly becoming an extension of our body that we struggle to part with. 2/ Image
Mar 2 12 tweets 4 min read
A NEW study revealed previously unrecognized complement dysregulation associated with impaired cell death and clearance of damaged cells, which may promote nonresolvable (NR) COVID-19 in patients, ultimately necessitating lung transplantation. 1/ Image Researchers analyzed complement activation in NR-COVID-19 lungs and its association with aberrant host autophagic response. It is the first study to comprehensively show the local presence of the components of the three pathways and regulators of complement activation 2/ Image
Feb 28 23 tweets 6 min read
How to protect the gut from antibiotics!

Antibiotics save lives, but they also wreak havoc on the beneficial bacteria that inhabit the human gut. Innovative therapies could shield the microbiome from their effects. 1/ Image
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Researchers have genetically engineered bacteria and nutritional yeast to carry an enzyme that breaks down amoxicillin in the gut without affecting the antibiotic’s ability to fight infection elsewhere in the body. 2/ Image
Feb 27 10 tweets 3 min read
A NEW study showed that kids with #LongCOVID had lung injuries that correlated to specific LongCOVID symptoms and overall loss of blood flow in the lungs. In participants with longCOVID, greater lung perfusion correlated with increased chronic fatigue severity. 1/ Image Children and teens with #LongCOVID have significant lung abnormalities detected with an advanced form of MRI, called free-breathing phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. 2/ Image
Feb 26 13 tweets 6 min read
In efforts to comprehend this complex disorder, recent research on #LongCOVID has illuminated its prevalence, causes, and management techniques. Even today, studies are still investigating the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on numerous organ systems. 1/ Image A review of 180 studies suggests that LongCOVID symptoms like memory problems, poor concentration, & brain fog may be driven by self-sustaining feedback loops involving vascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation & gut-brain axis disruption 2/

frontiersin.org/journals/neuro…Image
Feb 24 6 tweets 3 min read
Oral Cavity Serves as Long-Term COVID-19 Reservoir with Increased Periodontal and Viral Disease Risk:

-COVID-19 history significantly correlates with severe oral health complications while vaccination reduced but did not eliminate these issues. 1/ Image A NEW study identified oral associated #LonhCovid primarily manifested as periodontal (gum) disease (COVID +ve: 73.1±18.9% vs COVID -ve: 33.1±14.3%)
Covid19 positive cases correlated w/ higher rates of dry mouth (57.5%), taste disturbance (47%) & smell loss (20%). 2/ Image
Feb 24 10 tweets 4 min read
SARS-CoV-2 triggers the production of the antiviral protein IFN-γ, which is associated with fatigue, muscle ache & depression. Recent study shows that in #LongCOVID, IFN-y production persists until symptoms improve, highlighting a potential biomarker & a target for therapies 1/ Image The study shows that initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 triggers production of the antiviral protein IFN-γ, which is a normal reaction from the immune system. 2/ Image
Feb 21 7 tweets 3 min read
A ray of hope for millions of Down syndrome patients!

Gene editing may eventually allow #Trisomy21 to be treated at the cellular level.

Researchers used the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to cleave the 3rd chromosome in previously generated trisomy 21 cell lines 1/ Image Down syndrome is caused by the presence of a third copy of the 21st chromosome. The condition occurs in approximately 1 in 700 live births and is relatively easy to diagnose at early stages of development. However, there are no treatments. 2/ Image