@solonko1648, who's a serving Ukrainian soldier, has published an excellent pair of threads in Ukrainian describing how the Russian system of trenches and firing positions works. It's a very helpful insight into why they have been so difficult to overcome.
He focuses on a Russian fortified stronghold between the villages of Robotyne and Novoprokopivka, through which the road from one village to the other runs. Tokmak lies further along the same road, which is currently contested. The following thread translates his description:
By @solonko1648:
This, dear friends, is one of the most difficult strongholds located in the Robotyne-Novoprokopivka area. A complex system of trenches-tunnels, dugouts, firing positions, to which the Russian invaders cling with all their might... 🧵 /1
What we see first. A system of trenches and firing positions. From observation and tracking of the movements of the occupiers' equipment and personnel, we confirm movement and approach routes to the position. /2
In general, these routes should be obvious, but of course, all the data should be studied and the information verified. That's why this is a formal process. Next, we see from above how these positions are equipped. We see the overlapping of dugouts. /3
But that's not all. Some of the trenches are covered over for a long distance. They may not be tunnels in the classical sense, but technically they are. This is actually a trench-tunnel, designed to hide the number of personnel and their movements in the trenches. /4
With the help of aerial reconnaissance, we determine not only which route the occupiers take to enter/leave. We also identify the entrances/exits of this stronghold/trench system. /5
A little more about the "tunnels". According to the soldiers of the frontline units, there is a classic tunnel here. It's under the road that leads from Robotyne to Novoprokopivka. It connects both flanks of this system. /6
Moreover, we also know that dugouts have been dug here, which actually have a second underground floor, going deep into the ground. While we were waiting for the shells, the occupiers were digging. And they dug long and deep. /7
After fierce fighting and artillery shelling, our artillery "opened" the dugouts and covered trenches. After that, it became clearer how much more difficult the task was. 8/
Furthermore, in the area where the main entrance to these positions is located from the west, it is only after a dense artillery barrage that the untrained eye will become aware of how well some of the trench-tunnels on this side were camouflaged. /9
The occupiers successfully used the forest belt to prepare and camouflage these positions. Such positions require us to conduct very thorough and vigilant reconnaissance. The occupiers know what we are interested in and try prevent us from conducting it properly. /10
You can watch the process in this video. /11
Now I will talk about the eastern part of the fortification. /12
It is not so much a separate fortified point as part of an extensive system, overcoming which was an extremely difficult task, taking into account the features of the hostilities, the terrain and the ratio of forces and means that I talked about. /13
The two main parts of the fortifications are connected by an underground tunnel that runs under the road. This way, the road is controlled and still used for its intended purpose. /14
Note the shape of the trench in front of the forest plantation (except for the area near the road). We have already seen a similar structure on the defence line that stretched northwest of Verbove. /15
Also note another example of the use of terrain. The system of fortifications uses the plantation to cover the entrance and exit. There are also fortifications in the rear. A circular defence pattern is observed. /16
Here, too, the artillery of the Ukrainian Armed Forces performed the task of "opening" the trenches built in the style of tunnels. A similar picture could be seen in the western part of these fortifications on the other side of the road, which I analysed earlier. /17
Also note the layout of the trenches closer to the road. Imagine what it would be like to storm/clear them. Another sceptical remark to the adherents of "elastic defence". No one was going to leave here even to return. They clung to this stronghold with all their might. /18
And then there's the wormhole. Another reminder that some people like to call the Russian invaders worms. /19
1/ The commander of Ukrainian's unmanned air forces, Robert "Madyar" Brovdi, has announced a set of reforms to improve the effectiveness and logistical supply of drones in the Ukrainian armed forces. They are to be implemented over the next three months. ⬇️
2/ As described by the 'Cuckoo's Nest' Telegram channel:
🔺 Immediate implementation of existing collective experience.
3/🔺 Transparent results: 6-7 units of the Unmanned Systems Line of Drones will be included in the TOP-10 according to the existing rating of the effectiveness of the UAV units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
1/ A Russian army captain whose commander ordered him to be tied to a tree so that the Ukrainians would kill him says that he is now being sent to his death on the front line. He accuses his senior officers of stealing volunteer aid sent to the 24th Motorised Rifle Regiment. ⬇️
2/ Captain Andrei Stanislavovich Elisenko has recorded a testimonial video in which he describes how he fell out with his commander over corruption and lack of equipment. Such videos are fairly common for rank and file soldiers, but quite rare for officers.
3/ Elisenko says he was mobilised in October 2022, before being transferred to the 24th Motorised Rifle Regiment in June 2023 as a commander of an anti-aircraft missile battery under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Anatoly Kazantsev.
1/ A Russian soldier says that his commanders banned the wounded from retreating from the battlefield and executed those who retreated without orders. The injured men who stayed there "rotted alive without medical care and water". He had to pay a $38,000 bribe to be evacuated. ⬇️
2/ A soldier who identifies himself with the callsign 'Boxer', serving in the Russian 137th Assault Brigade (military unit 01591) has spoken on video of the abuse which the men of the unit experienced from their officerss, in particular from 'Roma', the deputy commander.
3/ The man says that during an assault operation, "Roma was shouting there [over the radio]: forward, only forward. I also heard on the radio: if someone takes a fucking step back... like if you give in, roll back - you're fucked. Either you'll die there, or in the rollback.
1/ A Russian military doctor has spoken frankly in an interview about the atrocious state of Russian military medicine and the lack of medical training given to soldiers. Most of the wounded die, he says, and doctors themselves are treated as 'slaves' by the Russian military. ⬇️
2/ The Russian Telegram channel Transformer has published a lengthy interview on the experiences of Dr. Alexander Moiseevich Z (a pseudonym). He volunteered for the army at the age of 62 in October 2022 and resigned in June 2024 when he reached the mandatory retirement age of 65.
3/ Alexander first workied as a military doctor in the 1970s, during the Soviet era. He says that things were very different then. The Soviet-style military system effectively persisted in Russia until the reforms of then-Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov were enacted in 2008.
1/ Colonel Anton Necherda, the commander of a Russian Army regiment, is reported to have been arrested for a string of brutal crimes against his own men including extortion, beating, torture and murder. His own deputy, a lieutenant colonel, was allegedly one of his victims. ⬇️
2/ Russian social media users have been complaining for over two years about "lawlessness" and "slaughter" in the 1428th Motorised Rifle Regiment, with regular reports of men being sent to their deaths in suicidal assaults and of violence and corruption among the officers.
3/ Relatives of men serving with the regiment have published many stories of abuse conducted under Necherda's command, and Russian social media is full of appeals for help to find missing members of the regiment.
1/ Russian soldiers face being sent to their deaths if they appeal publicly for volunteer aid, according to Russian warbloggers. Commanders regard it as reflecting badly on the Russian army, forcing aid appeals to be made anonymously. Even so, much of the aid is still stolen. ⬇️
2/ Both sides in the Ukraine war rely heavily on 'humanitarian aid' provided by volunteers and fundraisers, for everything from clothes and medicines to drones and trench equipment. However, whereas it's done openly in Ukraine, Russians have to do it secretly.
3/ 'Romanov Light' writes: "Most of the volunteers I know - delivering aid specifically to fighters (and not to high-ranking commanders "for sale") - are forced to hide which specific unit the aid is being transferred to."