@solonko1648, who's a serving Ukrainian soldier, has published an excellent pair of threads in Ukrainian describing how the Russian system of trenches and firing positions works. It's a very helpful insight into why they have been so difficult to overcome.
He focuses on a Russian fortified stronghold between the villages of Robotyne and Novoprokopivka, through which the road from one village to the other runs. Tokmak lies further along the same road, which is currently contested. The following thread translates his description:
By @solonko1648:
This, dear friends, is one of the most difficult strongholds located in the Robotyne-Novoprokopivka area. A complex system of trenches-tunnels, dugouts, firing positions, to which the Russian invaders cling with all their might... 🧵 /1
What we see first. A system of trenches and firing positions. From observation and tracking of the movements of the occupiers' equipment and personnel, we confirm movement and approach routes to the position. /2
In general, these routes should be obvious, but of course, all the data should be studied and the information verified. That's why this is a formal process. Next, we see from above how these positions are equipped. We see the overlapping of dugouts. /3
But that's not all. Some of the trenches are covered over for a long distance. They may not be tunnels in the classical sense, but technically they are. This is actually a trench-tunnel, designed to hide the number of personnel and their movements in the trenches. /4
With the help of aerial reconnaissance, we determine not only which route the occupiers take to enter/leave. We also identify the entrances/exits of this stronghold/trench system. /5
A little more about the "tunnels". According to the soldiers of the frontline units, there is a classic tunnel here. It's under the road that leads from Robotyne to Novoprokopivka. It connects both flanks of this system. /6
Moreover, we also know that dugouts have been dug here, which actually have a second underground floor, going deep into the ground. While we were waiting for the shells, the occupiers were digging. And they dug long and deep. /7
After fierce fighting and artillery shelling, our artillery "opened" the dugouts and covered trenches. After that, it became clearer how much more difficult the task was. 8/
Furthermore, in the area where the main entrance to these positions is located from the west, it is only after a dense artillery barrage that the untrained eye will become aware of how well some of the trench-tunnels on this side were camouflaged. /9
The occupiers successfully used the forest belt to prepare and camouflage these positions. Such positions require us to conduct very thorough and vigilant reconnaissance. The occupiers know what we are interested in and try prevent us from conducting it properly. /10
You can watch the process in this video. /11
Now I will talk about the eastern part of the fortification. /12
It is not so much a separate fortified point as part of an extensive system, overcoming which was an extremely difficult task, taking into account the features of the hostilities, the terrain and the ratio of forces and means that I talked about. /13
The two main parts of the fortifications are connected by an underground tunnel that runs under the road. This way, the road is controlled and still used for its intended purpose. /14
Note the shape of the trench in front of the forest plantation (except for the area near the road). We have already seen a similar structure on the defence line that stretched northwest of Verbove. /15
Also note another example of the use of terrain. The system of fortifications uses the plantation to cover the entrance and exit. There are also fortifications in the rear. A circular defence pattern is observed. /16
Here, too, the artillery of the Ukrainian Armed Forces performed the task of "opening" the trenches built in the style of tunnels. A similar picture could be seen in the western part of these fortifications on the other side of the road, which I analysed earlier. /17
Also note the layout of the trenches closer to the road. Imagine what it would be like to storm/clear them. Another sceptical remark to the adherents of "elastic defence". No one was going to leave here even to return. They clung to this stronghold with all their might. /18
And then there's the wormhole. Another reminder that some people like to call the Russian invaders worms. /19
1/ Ukraine's campaign against Russian shipping is claimed to have hit 159 vessels in only 12 days. Numerous vessels have been crippled, knocking out a significant fraction of Russia's maritime exports. A Russian commentary describes how it's being done. ⬇️
2/ The Russian political analyst Igor Dimitriev assesses the tactics being used in the campaign, and how 'Operation “MoLoChKa' is affecting Russia's oil exports:
"They don't sink the vessels, they immobilise them."
3/ "Initially, they fired at the crew in the wheelhouse—the vessel would be blinded, but the engine would still work, and the crews learned to steer from the wheelhouse using a compass and telephone.
1/ Reports from Crimea say that Ukraine's drone blockade is causing prices to soar, electricity and water supplies are intermittent or absent, and mobile phone access is down. Shelves are empty and supplies aren't arriving for lack of fuel. ⬇️
2/ 'Alex Parker Returns' summarises what a reader of his Telegram channel says about the situation in northern Crimea:
"There's no electricity at all, water supply is intermittent, mobile phone service is only at certain times."
3/ "There's nothing to even restore at the substations. They need to be rebuilt. As a result, northern Crimea is abandoned. It's only a matter of time before the rest of Crimea collapses.
1/ Russia's fuel crisis is causing gas stations to go out of business en masse. At least 150 have been put up for sale, including some belonging to major distributors, in a further sign of how the fuel crisis caused by Ukrainian drone strikes is impacting daily life in Russia. ⬇️
2/ Adverts offering gas stations for sale across Russia have been appearing on marketplaces, commercial real estate websites, and corporate resources, for prices of between 1 and 150 million rubles. An entire chain of 13 gas stations in Ufa is being offered for 350 million.
3/ National chains such as Gazprom and Lukoil are also offering stations for sale. However, the great majority of those currently on offer are independently owned. Around 60% of Russia's 27,700 gas stations are independently owned, with the rest belonging to large oil companies.
1/ Russian Telegram channels are celebrating President Zelenskyy's ouster of Mikhailo Fedorov as Ukraine's Defence Minister. Commentators depict him as a dangerous and effective opponent, and suggest that his departure will make Russia's war effort easier. ⬇️
2/ Assessing Fedorov's achievements, Svyatoslav Golikov calls them "significant and impactful". He welcomes Fedorov's ousting:
3/ "I view the personnel changes in the enemy's military department as very positive news, because, as historical practice shows, the role of an individual in certain systemic processes is often crucial, and the changes already achieved may well be reversible."
1/ Russian warbloggers are wondering how it was possible for Ukraine to destroy the Russian border patrol ship Izumrud while it was at anchor. The vessel was reportedly hit by two Ukrainian Sargan-3000 uncrewed surface vessels (USVs). ⬇️
2/ The attack is said to have caused several "200 and 300" (deaths and injuries). The big question, as 'Informant' comments, is "How the unmanned hull craft reached the ship at its berth."
3/ 'Evil Sailor' has "some very unpleasant questions for the border guards:
1. Why was the ship stationed in one place for so long when it was necessary to constantly change its base?
2. Why was the ship stationed in a completely unprotected area?
1/ Ukraine's dominance of the 'lower sky' and its widespread use of 'waiting drones' has made large-scale Russian vehicle assaults virtually impossible. A Russian video shows numerous Ukrainian drones sitting on a road, waiting to carry out attacks on Russian forces. ⬇️
2/ Commenting on the video, the Russian medical warblogger 'Visiting Doc' dedicates it "to fans of tank breakthroughs and brutal assaults" and comments: "Low-altitude superiority is one of the main reasons why evacuation becomes a nearly impossible task."
3/ The tactic is used by both sides, but Ukraine's current dominance in drones has made it the principal user of the tactic. Both vehicles and individual soldiers are regularly targeted by 'waiters'.