@solonko1648, who's a serving Ukrainian soldier, has published an excellent pair of threads in Ukrainian describing how the Russian system of trenches and firing positions works. It's a very helpful insight into why they have been so difficult to overcome.
He focuses on a Russian fortified stronghold between the villages of Robotyne and Novoprokopivka, through which the road from one village to the other runs. Tokmak lies further along the same road, which is currently contested. The following thread translates his description:
By @solonko1648:
This, dear friends, is one of the most difficult strongholds located in the Robotyne-Novoprokopivka area. A complex system of trenches-tunnels, dugouts, firing positions, to which the Russian invaders cling with all their might... 🧵 /1
What we see first. A system of trenches and firing positions. From observation and tracking of the movements of the occupiers' equipment and personnel, we confirm movement and approach routes to the position. /2
In general, these routes should be obvious, but of course, all the data should be studied and the information verified. That's why this is a formal process. Next, we see from above how these positions are equipped. We see the overlapping of dugouts. /3
But that's not all. Some of the trenches are covered over for a long distance. They may not be tunnels in the classical sense, but technically they are. This is actually a trench-tunnel, designed to hide the number of personnel and their movements in the trenches. /4
With the help of aerial reconnaissance, we determine not only which route the occupiers take to enter/leave. We also identify the entrances/exits of this stronghold/trench system. /5
A little more about the "tunnels". According to the soldiers of the frontline units, there is a classic tunnel here. It's under the road that leads from Robotyne to Novoprokopivka. It connects both flanks of this system. /6
Moreover, we also know that dugouts have been dug here, which actually have a second underground floor, going deep into the ground. While we were waiting for the shells, the occupiers were digging. And they dug long and deep. /7
After fierce fighting and artillery shelling, our artillery "opened" the dugouts and covered trenches. After that, it became clearer how much more difficult the task was. 8/
Furthermore, in the area where the main entrance to these positions is located from the west, it is only after a dense artillery barrage that the untrained eye will become aware of how well some of the trench-tunnels on this side were camouflaged. /9
The occupiers successfully used the forest belt to prepare and camouflage these positions. Such positions require us to conduct very thorough and vigilant reconnaissance. The occupiers know what we are interested in and try prevent us from conducting it properly. /10
You can watch the process in this video. /11
Now I will talk about the eastern part of the fortification. /12
It is not so much a separate fortified point as part of an extensive system, overcoming which was an extremely difficult task, taking into account the features of the hostilities, the terrain and the ratio of forces and means that I talked about. /13
The two main parts of the fortifications are connected by an underground tunnel that runs under the road. This way, the road is controlled and still used for its intended purpose. /14
Note the shape of the trench in front of the forest plantation (except for the area near the road). We have already seen a similar structure on the defence line that stretched northwest of Verbove. /15
Also note another example of the use of terrain. The system of fortifications uses the plantation to cover the entrance and exit. There are also fortifications in the rear. A circular defence pattern is observed. /16
Here, too, the artillery of the Ukrainian Armed Forces performed the task of "opening" the trenches built in the style of tunnels. A similar picture could be seen in the western part of these fortifications on the other side of the road, which I analysed earlier. /17
Also note the layout of the trenches closer to the road. Imagine what it would be like to storm/clear them. Another sceptical remark to the adherents of "elastic defence". No one was going to leave here even to return. They clung to this stronghold with all their might. /18
And then there's the wormhole. Another reminder that some people like to call the Russian invaders worms. /19
1/ A Russian marine says that his commander, whom he describes as an incompentent drunkard, ordered his unit to march 20 km and attack a Russian-held position, after which all but three of his men were killed. He's now considering a suicide mission to kill his commanders. ⬇️
2/ The man describes himself as a former Wagner Group fighter now serving with the 61st Separate Marine Brigade (military unit 38643). He says that he was fighting with the 2nd assault company near the village of Malynivka, about 14 km east of Pokrovsk.
3/ He is serving under a commander with the call sign 'Omut' ['Whirlpool'], of whom he says: "He's a total drunk. Before [the mission], there was no training, no preparation, no basic instruction. How, what, and why? He was just messing around..."
1/ This from @slantchev is exactly right. In Russia, there's a long tradition of petitioning the Tsar – petitions were called chelobitnye, literally 'forehead-beating documents', reflecting petitioners' ritual bowing of their foreheads to the ground before the Tsar.
2/ Importantly, this wasn't about appealing to the state's agencies for help – it was about obtaining the direct intercession of the monarch to bypass the slowness, obtuseness, and corruption of the state.
3/ This was a crucial part in maintaining faith in the monarchy. Even if the subjects noticed injustice, poverty, or oppression, it was always far removed from the benevolent figure of the monarch. Or as the Russians say, "Good tsar, bad boyars".
1/ The vast number of Russian casualties sustained in the war in Ukraine will one day require a reckoning, warns a Russian warblogger. He laments that Russia missed the opportunity to conquer Ukraine in 2014 after the revolution which ousted the pro-Russian leadership. ⬇️
2/ "Freeze, freeze, winds of the fields!
Don't disturb us in the mown rye...
In the morning, in the morning, I'll set out on my journey.
And you remember me, but do you hear, don't wait..."
['Freeze, Winds of the Field', by the Russian black metal band Temnozor]
3/ "I don't know how the statistically significant losses of this conflict will be explained in the future. How will they explain the loss of over 1.5 million soldiers on both sides in the battle for four regions that could have been taken almost bloodlessly in 2014?
69 years ago today, the Hungarian Revolution was poised on a knife edge. With Soviet troops pouring into the country – but not yet in action – the Hungarian government made last-ditch efforts to avert an imminent attack.
2/ On the surface, things seem calm: there is no violence, and Soviet negotiators are present in Budapest to discuss topics such as troop withdrawals, ceremonial farewells for the Soviets, and the preservation and restoration of Soviet war memorials.
3/ Prime Minister Imre Nagy reshuffles his government for one last time, replacing the ministers of the previous government. Plans are made for multi-party elections to be held early in 1957. Workers end their strikes, and shops and markets are open as normal.
1/ Pokrovsk and Kupyansk are falsely being portrayed by the Russian media as decisive imminent victories, says Igor 'Strelkov' Girkin. He warns that Russsia is failing to make progress on the Zaporizhzhia front, which he describes as the decisive theatre of the Ukraine war. ⬇️
2/ Writing from the jail where he has been imprisoned since last year on charges of inciting extremism, Girkin dismisses the increasingly bloody battles for Pokrovsk and Kupiansk – which have cost thousands of Russian lives – as irrelevant to the war's main objectives:
3/ "The tactical successes in Kupyansk and Pokrovsk, which give hope for the rapid liberation of these two cities (the Kharkiv and Donetsk axes), are being presented to our press as some kind of decisive victories.
69 years ago today, thousands of Soviet troops were entering Hungary to prepare for Operation Whirlwind – the crushing of the Hungarian Revolution. Even as the invasion was being prepared, Hungarians celebrated their last few days of freedom.
2/ Twelve more Soviet divisions have joined the five divisions already stationed in Hungary. They are commanded from Szolnok in central Hungary by Marshal Ivan Konev, a Second World War veteran who is now the Supreme Commander of the Warsaw Pact Combined Forces.
3/ By now well aware of what is planned, Hungarian Prime Minister Imre Nagy (left) protests to Soviet Ambassador on Hungary (and later Party leader) Yuri Andropov (right) and briefs foreign ambassadors in Budapest.