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Aitor Viribay Profile picture
@MVAitor
Oct 16, 2023 • 8 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
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1. Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway rise in interest in the health and performance fields. Diverse supplementation approaches ignite NO production, yielding multiple benefits, including adaptations from cell metabolism to whole-body physiology. Image
2. As physiologists, we have been always interested in the topic and some years ago we started a series of humble studies led by @MielgoAyuso, researching an emerging area: combined supplementation protocols to optimise NO pathway performance.

Let me introduce you:
3. We started publishing a systematic review and meta analysis in 2 main amino-acids participating in the NO pathway (Arginine and Citrulline).

Arginine:

Citrulline:

That was already interesting to see isolated effects. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32370176/
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
4. What about nitrate? We continue with some experiments, and J.Burgos took the lead in interesting studies researching the impact of a combined supplementation of Citrulline and Nitrate, in different performance outcomes in highly trained athletes.

Those studies were published.
5. In the first one performance outcomes were studied after a chronic (9 weeks) of combined supplementation (citrulline + nitrates) in comparison with a placebo, a nitrate and citrulline supplementation groups.

Check it here:

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010917/

Image
Image
6. Second study showed humble benefits in recovery status in same population (trained triathletes) using same protocol.

You can check it here:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35053073/

Image
Image
7. Now, what are we exploring at the moment to continue this line?

- Is combined supplementation a better protocol than isolated supplementation?
- How long does it takes to get benefits?
- Are 9 weeks necessary?
- What about metabolic outcomes? How can this impact on them?
8. We took a whole professional rowing team and we started to investigate all that.

First paper has been submitted. The results are intriguing in a field where many questions remain unanswered.

Answers? Soon (if we are able to publish).

Thanks!!! NO pathway is cool! Image

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More from @MVAitor

Aitor Viribay Profile picture
Jul 17, 2025
1. How off are we from the "REAL NUMBER" in sports (TDF for example)?

Just imagine what we call 200w is not really the real number. Imagine it´s 250w. We're 50w off. Is it problematic? Well, if sensitivity of the measurement is good, probably it would not.

A 🧵without pictures.
2. We can definitely operate well - predictions, analysis, etc. being always 50w off. However, when other factors come to the table, that error will be more notorious. For example, when aerodynamicists add this number to their equations. The % error increases with consequences...
3. Nothing new. Well, in nutrition and energy expenditure, unfortunately, we are quite far off the real number. In many cases, more than 1500 kcal!!

This means that we can be up to 40% off between our calculations and the real number!!

Of course, we can keep working with it...
Read 9 tweets
Aitor Viribay Profile picture
May 28, 2025
1/13 How much energy (Kcal) do trail runners expend in reality? A thread after testing pro athletes with DLW.

6 months ago, I changed my job to take a new opportunity. I changed sport discipline as well. Left cycling behind, and opened a new chapter in trail running and running. Image
Image
2/13 Cycling is my life (the sport I grew up with) and it will be always be. I have learned almost everything I know in cycling. But growing up in Basque Country means mountains are part of our lives. Trail running as a sport has been always there.
3/13 Even, I did my first research and explored the high CHO intakes in Trail running () back on the days.

Definitely I felt so attracted by learning and exploring deeper in this sport.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32403259/
Read 13 tweets
Aitor Viribay Profile picture
Dec 1, 2024
I have been using this slide for >5 years to explain the nutritional approach we have been researching last years (and we still keep doing it).

- The core of it all is metabolism.
- The goal: To make athletes´ careers sustainable.

Sometimes it has been misunderstood.
A thread: Image
We have investigated the effects of carbohydrate intake during exercise. Although it has been understood (misunderstood at times?) as the ultimate goal, the real one has been always to frame it within "nutrition guidelines" (as a whole).
Fuelling during exercise is only an excuse
Unfortunately, the message has gone maybe too far.

Some people have understood the approach is:
- The more sugars, the better.
- Always sugars.
- More sugar.
- And simple sugars.

Reality is completely different. Do you want to know how the approach is really?
Read 20 tweets
Aitor Viribay Profile picture
Jan 13, 2024
I've been fortunate this week to chat with 2 professionals in sports science & communication for their respective podcasts. One recurring question was about the intake of 120g CHO/h during exercise and our studies. A perfect opportunity to provide a bit of context to the topic.
Image
Image
Taking advantage of the opportunity, I thought it would be cool to explain it here through a small thread.

1) What we did is to study a specific effect in a very specific context.



mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5…
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
In other words, we've investigated that when a person capable of digesting, absorbing, and converting a high intake of carbohydrates during exercise—previously set by science @ 90g/h—ingests a certain amount, they can optimize related effects by ingesting a higher amount (120g/h)
Read 22 tweets
Aitor Viribay Profile picture
Sep 13, 2023
Short threat on metabolism.

When discussing human energy budget, I have been always interested in understanding which one comes first: Energy intake or expenditure.

IMHO, first you need to "show capacity" (⬆️ your mito. function) and then "ask for resources" (⬆️energy intake). Image
Why dogs 📸?

I have always looked at dogs (especially Balto😏), as they are a good example of what the mammalian metabolism can do. Sled dogs not only show an AMAZING mitochondrial function, but some interesting facts in energy budget.

Do you know how many kcal do they eat? Image
10.000 kcal/day (408kcal/kg/day) !!😳

Clearly, they not only NEED those kcal to go through 1000 miles in Alaska, but they ARE ABLE to metabolise that energy.

But, how is this in athletes? It's well known that better athletes are able to use more energy & do it more efficiently. Image
Read 8 tweets
Aitor Viribay Profile picture
Feb 21, 2023
What does endurance metabolism look like in the current sport era? Are world´s greatest endurance athletes changing our way of understanding metabolic determinants?

Probably I'm wrong, but I want to explain a reflection based on what we learn from cyclists.

📸 @INEOSGrenadiers
Traditionally fat metabolism (how we use fats) has been on the top of endurance research when aiming to explain performance determinants. In a nutshell, those with higher fat ox. rates, both in height (peak) and width (% intensity), have been postulated as potential winners.
But I'm not sure if that explains performance anymore, especially at current sport era. Power needed to win a World Tour cycling race is getting higher and higher. Also speed to run a marathon or an ultra. What do you need to generate power? ENERGY.
Read 18 tweets

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