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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Oct 19 • 8 tweets • 2 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
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"SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the Omicron era"
(from the variant trackers, @siamosolocani @LongDesertTrain @CorneliusRoemer @PeacockFlu ...)
(The full version as it is paywall ! ☹️) Image
2) Image
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8) Thank you to those who think like me, that information and science are for everyone, and not just those who have money 🤬

FYI
@DavidJoffe64 @UseBy2022 @HarrySpoelstra @falsel_net @gianlucac1 @mrmickme @gwladwr @0bj3ctivity @_ppmv @RealCheckMarker @RolandBakerIII

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 19
MACROPHAGES and CYTOKINES
(mega-thread + new study)
2) Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response to COVID-19. Once activated, macrophages release various signaling molecules called cytokines. However, in some cases, an excessive release of cytokines, known as a cytokine storm, can occur.
3) We already tried to explain in in a thread about mucosal immunity, the key role of this cytokine storm
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 19
The MISREADING of GROWTH RATES !

Definition :
The GROWTH RATE represents the rate at which the number of new cases of a disease is increasing over a specific time period. It provides insight into the speed of the disease's spread within a population. Image
2) The REPRODUCTION NUMBER represents the average number of new infections caused by a single infected individual in a population where everyone is susceptible to the disease. It helps in assessing the contagiousness of a disease and its potential to cause an epidemic. Image
3) ▶️ Growth rate and reproduction number are therefore 2 different data
▶️ Due to the absence of reliable data on the nb of cases, we use a growth rate estimated on the sequences
▶️ Growth rate is not linear but exponential. That doesn't mean it won't plateau at some point. Image
Read 10 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 16
Long COVID is associated with REDUCED circulating SEROTONIN levels 😨

Serotonin plays a key role in such body functions as mood, sleep, digestion, nausea, wound healing, bone health, blood clotting and sexual desire. cell.com/cell/fulltext/…
Image
2) Fig. Serotonin deficiency in PASC Image
3) Fig. Symptom clusters in a cohort of 1,540 individuals with PASC Image
Read 13 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 16
BA.2.86* DISCUSSION

VARIANTS SWARM
Pirola is the name given to the BA.2.86 variant.
The one we are mainly talking about is a descendant of Pirola, BA.2.86.1
Since Omicron, we have constantly repeated that we cannot consider a single variant but a swarm, a clan ... Image
2) ... or a family of a variant and its descendants. We need to be clear and precise.

QUANTITY is not QUALITY
What matters is not so much the nb of mutations, as the type of mutation on a given variant.
It is a single mutation, P681R on Delta ... Image
3) ... which marked a major evolution of the virus, in terms of fusogenicity & spike cleavage efficiency.
In 2 studies, that of Yunlong Cao and Kei Sato, the fusogenicity of BA.2.86* seems weaker. What is interesting is that certain new mutations block the more advantageous Image
Read 11 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 15
COINFECTION with MULTIPLE VARIANTS
(weekend thread 😊)

My grandfather, who was a famous pastry chef, added a little salt to whisk the egg whites. I prefer a drop of lemon. It's all in the mix 😂
Image
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2) Take a little bit of Delta, add a pinch of Omicron and presto, voila, you have lots of new variants.

More seriously, there are so many studies on coinfection with multiple variants that I had a hard time choosing which one I was going to post.
Have a nice weekend 😊 Image
3) "Detection and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections during the Omicron variant circulation in France"
nature.com/articles/s4146…
Image
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 14
COVER ME in SUGARS, to BETTER ESCAPE ANTIBODIES !

How can we simply explain the absolutely essential, and at the same time extremely complex mechanism, of SARS-COV-2 glycosylation? I'm trying 😂😂😂 Image
2) GLYCANS are complex carbohydrates that consist of multiple sugar molecules linked together.
GLYCOSYLATION refers to the process of attaching glycans to proteins or lipids.
GLYCAN SHIELD
The glycan shield refers to the dense layer of glycans that surrounds the viral envelope Image
3) ... or protein spikes, masking vulnerable epitopes that the immune system could target. This shield helps the virus evade immune recognition and neutralization. Image
Read 11 tweets

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