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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Oct 22, 2023 • 13 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
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COVID-19: LONG-TERM MODIFICATIONS in the STRUCTURE of DNA !

This study has been posted several times but I would like to explain first in layman terms why it is a major study.
Some definitions :
EPIGENETIC changes refer to modifications in the structure of DNA ... Image
2) ... that do not alter the underlying genetic code but can influence gene expression.

HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells are responsible for producing different types of blood cells, including myeloid cells, which play a crucial role in the immune response. Image
3) In the case of severe COVID, the epigenetic changes influence gene expression patterns in the myeloid cells that are derived from these stem cells. The immune system of these individuals may undergo long-lasting alterations as a result of the COVID-19 infection. Image
4) The article in Nature :
nature.com/articles/s4142…
Image
5) The study (not really layman terms 🤷‍♂️) :

"Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors"
cell.com/cell/fulltext/…
Image
6) Altered chromatin accessibility and durable epigenetic memory in monocytes following COVID-19 Image
7) Durable epigenetic alterations in monocytes following severe COVID-19 Image
8) Durable changes in chromatin accessibility and expression in CD14+ monocytes following severe COVID-19 Image
9) Altered monocyte phenotypes and transcriptional programs post-COVID-19 Image
10) Hyper-responsiveness of post-COVID-19 CD14+ monocytes Image
11) Epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis of rare circulating HSPC establishes their similarity to BM HSPC Image
12) Anti-IL-6R blockade treatment dampens post-infection epigenetic memory Image
13) Thanks for reading 🙏
FYI
@DavidJoffe64 @white_bite @xabitron1 @RadCentrism @HarrySpoelstra @arijitchakrav @kasza_leslie @triangle24 @ramos262740691 @RolandBakerIII @outbreakupdates
@AltenbergLee @vipintukur
@RealCheckMarker @_ppmv Image

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 3
WHY INFECTIONS by BACTERIA, VIRUSES and FUNGI will INCREASE in the FUTURE ? 🧵

2 recent studies highlights important concerns about the rise of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and the role of COVID-19 Image
2) One study focuses on antibiotic resistance, where bacteria become resistant to medicines meant to kill them. This often happens due to the overuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, along with a lack of new antibiotics being developed.
3) As these bacteria evolve and become harder to treat, even common infections could lead to severe health problems.

The second study discusses how climate change and urban growth are contributing to the increase in viral and fungal infections.
Read 11 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 3
CAUTION with the use of KETAMINE against COVID-19 !

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) Astrocytes are the brain cells that can be infected and support the growth of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This likely contributes to the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Image
3) Experiments show ketamine, an anesthetic, can reduce astrocyte infection by earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, but not newer variants. Ketamine does this by decreasing the virus's entry receptor and replication in astrocytes. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 1
BRAIN'S BATTLE: 5 Ways COVID-19 Can Disrupt Cognition 😰
1. Persistent neuroinflammation
2. Cerebrovascular complications
3. Direct neuronal injury
4. Activation of the kynurenine pathway
5. Psychological distress

(Visual explanations 💥💯)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cn…Image
2) This first figure helps explain the first key mechanisms contributing to cognitive impairment in COVID-19 patients:

▶️ Direct viral entry and brain injury is shown in the first panel.
▶️ The role of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in cognitive decline is depicted in the second panel Image
3) ▶️ The widespread systemic inflammation caused by COVID-19 is illustrated in the third panel. Image
Read 10 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Mar 31
For CHILDREN, the risk of LONG COVID after a SECOND INFECTION is 2.08 TIMES GREATER compared to the FIRST INFECTION.
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) Let's summarize first this study :

The researchers used medical records from 40 children's hospitals in the US between January 2022 and October 2023. They compared the risk of long-term issues in those with a second COVID-19 infection versus their first infection. Image
3) Results showed that children with a 2nd infection had a significantly higher risk of various long-term problems, including:
- Heart issues like inflammation and abnormal heart rhythms
- Changes in taste and smell
- Blood clots
- Kidney problems
- Fatigue and muscle/joint pain
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Mar 29
What a "CLEVER" SARS-COV-2 virus !
... which induced a P812S mutation in a chronically ill individual, that is somewhat less pathogenic but enables the virus to infect a larger population.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) This study looks at how a single mutation, called P812S, in the SARS-CoV-2 virus can have different effects. The P812S mutation was found in a person with a long-term COVID-19 infection. Image
3) The study found that the P812S mutation:
- Reduced the ability of the virus to enter cells and cause them to fuse together (form syncytia). This is linked to less severe COVID-19 disease.
- Helped the virus evade antibodies that target the fusion peptide region of the spike. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Mar 29
INSIDE a COVID-19 crashing WAVE (Nov. 2023 and Mar. 2024, coastal Kenya) 🌊

Fascinating information on variants, symptoms, reinfections, ...
Thanks @siamosolocani
for the study medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2) The study examines the genomic and clinical epidemiology of a SARS-CoV-2 wave that occurred in coastal Kenya between November 2023 and March 2024. Key findings include:

- The wave was dominated by the XBB.2.3-like and JN.1-like Omicron subvariants ... Image
3) ... which were introduced through multiple independent events, primarily from North America and Europe.

- Genomic surveillance revealed at least 38 separate virus introduction events into the local population during this wave. Image
Read 9 tweets

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