@DavidJoffe64 @0bj3ctivity @AndrewEwing11 @white_bite @FLAHAULT @RadCentrism @1goodtern @RolandBakerIII @outbreakupdates @HarrySpoelstra REFERENCE
"The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID" nature.com/articles/s4139…
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The link between virus mutation and antigenic mapping, lies in the fact that mutations in the viral genome can give rise to changes in the antigenic properties of the virus.
2) Those antigenic maps can be useful, in understanding how different strains of a pathogen evolve over time and eventually spread within a population over a certain period.
3) Let's take the example of BA.2, which appeared just after BA.1, and had many additional mutations
2) One of the best epidemiological reports is certainly, that of Hong Kong.
In the latest report, there are strange things happening.
When we look at wastewater, we remain at a relatively high level for the SARS-COV-2. chp.gov.hk/en/resources/2…
3) But when we look the positivity rate or the laboratory tests, we see a sharp drop in the nb of cases, which suggest that the nb of tests doesn't correspond to the circulation of the virus.
U.S. COVID-19 Scenario (April 15, 2023–April 15, 2025)
"COVID-19 is projected to be a significant public health threat over the coming two years"
"Objective: To project COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths from April 2023–April 2025 under two plausible .. medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2) ... assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and three possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no vaccine recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65+, vaccination for all eligible groups)"
3) Comparison between the projected COVID-19 mortality by scenario and the 10 leading causes of pre-pandemic mortality in the United States
2) NON-SYNONYMOUS mutations refer to genetic alterations in the virus that result in a change in the amino acid sequence of its proteins. These mutations can potentially affect the function, structure, or behavior of the virus.
3) SYNONYMOUS mutations are genetic changes that do not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the virus's proteins. These mutations occur in regions of the viral genome that are considered "silent" because they do not affect the resulting protein sequence.
2) "The large-scale evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been marked by rapid turnover of genetic clades. New variants show intrinsic changes, notably increased transmissibility, and antigenic changes that reduce cross-immunity induced by previous infections or vaccinations."
3) "We track time-resolved data of SARS-CoV-2 in a set of 13 countries or US states. We obtain the cumulative population fractions of reported infections and of primary, booster, and bivalent-booster vaccinations. These data show that population immunity rose sharply"