Mushtaq Bilal, PhD Profile picture
Nov 26, 2023 14 tweets 5 min read Read on X
Zotero is the best citation and reference management app.

It's totally free.

But many folks don't know how to use it.

Here's a tutorial on how to automate your citations and references with Zotero:
1. Go to zotero(dot)org.

Download "Zotero 6" and install the app on your computer.
2. You will also need to install the Zotero Connector. It will connect your Zotero desktop app with your browser.

Click on "Install Chrome Connector" and add it to your browser.

Once it's added. click on the puzzle-like icon and pin the Zotero Connector to your browser.
3. You will also need to create a Zotero account. Click on "Log In" and then "Register for a free account."

This will give you an online backup of your Zotero library.
4. Open your Zotero desktop app.

Click on "File" and select "New Collection."

Choose a name for your collection.
5. Go to Google Scholar or Pubmed or your university's online library and look up articles using keywords.

You will get a list of relevant search results.

Click on the Zoteor Connector in the top-right corner and it will open an Item Select.

Select the articles/books you think are relevant to your project and click "OK."

Zotero will save these items in the collection you just created.

Go to your Zotero and you will all the items in the collection.

Zotero will automatically retrieve open access PDFs of articles.

If you are signed in to your univeristy's library, it will also access paywalled articles and add them to your collection.
6. You can also items manually. To do so, simply drag and drop PDFs in your collection.

Zotero will retrieve their metadata and add it to your collection.
7. You can read an article in Zotero and also take notes on it.

Double-click the article you want to read and Zotero will open it for you.

You can highlight and annotate the article. You can also write lengthy notes in Zotero's Note Editor.
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8. Open your MS Word and start drafting your paper.

To add a citation, place the cursor where you want to add it. Open the Zotero tab and click on "Add/Edit Citation."

Zotero will open a red search bar for you. Type in the name of the author you want to cite and Zotero will prepare the citation for you.

You can add the page number if you want to.
9. Zotero is also available for Google Docs.

The interface is a little different than MS Word but the functionality is the same.
10. Once you are done drafting, place the cursor where you want to add your bibliography.

Then click on "Add/Edit Bibliography" and Zotero will add the properly formatted bibliography for you.
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2. Bookmark it so you can come back to it later.

3. Follow me for more threads on academic writing.
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More from @MushtaqBilalPhD

Mar 28
Google Scholar is useful, but it's stuck in the past.

Ai2 is building a new AI-powered search engine for researchers.

It looks for papers, follows citations, evaluates relevance, runs follow-up queries, and shows you only relevant papers — and it's free:
1. Go to paperfinder.allen(dot)ai/chat and sign up for a free account.

Type in your question and hit Enter/Return.

Ai2 will start a search. It will mimic a human researcher in looking up papers, and then evaluating/ranking them for relevance.
2. Once it's done, Ai2 will give you a list of papers.

Under every paper, it will show you if it's perfectly relevant, relevant, or somewhat relevant to your query.

It will also show you evidence of what makes a paper perferctly or somewhat relevant.
Read 8 tweets
Mar 28
NotebookLM is (probably) the best reading assistant for research papers.

It's free and you can use it to:

• Summarize papers
• Ask question about papers
• Prepare study guides
• Create mind maps
• Generate podcasts based on papers

And it's very easy to use:
1. Go to

Click on "Create new" and upload a paper.

NotebookLM will give you a summary of the paper. notebooklm.google.com
2. You can ask questions about the paper.

It will answer your question with reference to the contents of the paper.
Read 8 tweets
Mar 24
AI generates fake references to research papers that don't even exist.

Google is on course to solve this problem.

Gemini Deep Research generates well-researched articles with references to published sources.

And it's free!

Here's how to use it:
1. Open your Google Gemini and click on "Deep Research."

Type in your question. Gemini will understand your question and create a research plan based on the question.
2. You can edit the research plan.

Click on "Edit plan" and give Gemini additional instructions.

Gemini will revise the research plan.
Read 8 tweets
Mar 23
How to make mind maps for any research paper:

This will take you 5 minutes and you can do it for free. A mind map based on Mushtaq Bilal's paper, "Genre Communities."
1. Go to ChatGPT and upload the paper you want to make a mind map of.

Paste the prompt below and hit Enter/Return. ChatGPT will give you a code block. Copy it.

Prompt:
Act as an expert academic and go through this document very carefully and understand it as best as you can. Based on your understanding, build a mind map in which you organize the document hierarchically into main topics and subtopics.

Once you are done, write markmap.js code for the mind map with nodes organized hierarchically. The mind map should be visually appealing, easy to follow, and should make the document digestible. Don't give me anything other than the markmap.js code.
2. Go to markmap.js[.]org/repl

You will see two columns.

Delete whatever is in the left column and paste the code you copied from ChatGPT.

It will give you mind map. Download it.
Read 6 tweets
Mar 18
One of the biggest challenges while doing a literature review:

How to find common themes across multiple papers and synthesize available information.

Lateral is an AI app that can help you with it.

Best part: It doesn't hallucinate at all.

Here's how to use Lateral:
1. Go to lateral[.]io and sign up for a free account.

Lateral gives you 500 page credits for free.
2. In your Lateral Dashboard, click on "New Project" and type in the name of your project.

You can also choose a project color to color-code your projects.

Then click on "Create and Launch Project."
Read 15 tweets
Mar 15
Finding research gaps takes a lot of time and labor.

Research Kick Start is an AI app that can help you with it.

It analyzes millions of papers in Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed to help you find research gaps — in minutes.

Here's how to use it: A screenshot of Research Kick Start showing that a research question has not been adequately answered in published literature.
1. Go to and click on "Get started" to sign up for an account.

You'll need to buy a subscription to use the app. researchkick.com/start
2. Choose an AI model you want to use.

It has latest models including ChatGPT 4.5, Claude 3.7, and Deep Seek.

Type in a few key words related to your research project. Then click on "Generate."

It will generate multiple research questions to help you brainstorm ideas.
Read 10 tweets

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