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The Culturist

Dec 3, 2023 • 43 tweets • 11 min read • Read on X

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One iconic artwork from every country in Europe - a thread 🧵

1. Germany: "Wanderer above the Sea of Fog" - Caspar David Friedrich (1818) 🇩🇪

2. Albania: "Motra Tone" - Kolë Idromeno (1883) 🇦🇱

3. Andorra: The apse fresco at the church of Sant Miquel d'Engolasters (c.1160) 🇦🇩

4. Austria: "The Kiss" - Gustav Klimt (1907-1908) 🇦🇹

5. Belarus: "And the Saved World Remembers" -
Mai Dantsig (1985) 🇧🇾

6. Belgium: "The Triumph of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange" - Jacob Jordaens (1652) 🇧🇪

7. Bosnia and Herzegovina: "Mountain Landscape" - Karlo Mijić (1924) 🇧🇦

8. Bulgaria: "Rachenitsa Dance" - Ivan Mrkvička (1894) 🇧🇬

9. Croatia: "Roman woman playing a mandolin" - Vjekoslav Karas (c.1847) 🇭🇷

10. Cyprus: "Sleeping Adonis" - Andreas Charalambides (20th century) 🇨🇾

11. Czech Republic: "The Absinthe Drinker" - Viktor Oliva (1901) 🇨🇿

12. Denmark: "Hip, Hip, Hurrah!" - Peder Severin Krøyer (1888) 🇩🇰

13. Estonia: "Faithful Guardian" - Johann Köler (1878) 🇪🇪

14. Finland: "Under the Yoke (Burning the Brushwood)" - Eero Järnefelt (1893) 🇫🇮

15. France: "Liberty Leading the People" - Eugène Delacroix (1830) 🇫🇷

16: Greece: The Antikythera Ephebe (c.340 - 330 BC) 🇬🇷

17. Hungary: "Old Fisherman" - Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka (1902) 🇭🇺

18. Iceland: "Thingvellir" - Þórarinn Benedikt Þorláksson (1900) 🇮🇸

19. Ireland: "Cupid and Psyche in the nuptial bower" - Hugh Douglas Hamilton (1793) 🇮🇪

20. Italy: "The Birth of Venus" - Sandro Botticelli (c.1484–1486) 🇮🇹

21. Latvia: "After Church" - Janis Rozentāls (1894) 🇱🇻

22. Lithuania: "Fairy Tale of the Kings" - Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1909) 🇱🇹

23. Luxembourg: "Prise de la Porte d'Eich" - Jean-Baptiste Fresez (c.1839) 🇱🇺

24. Malta: "Death of Dragut' - Giuseppe Calì (1867) 🇲🇹

25. Moldova: "The Girls From Ciadar Lunga" - Mihai Grecu (1960) 🇲🇩

26. Monaco: "Hercules fighting Acheloos transformed into a snake" - François Joseph Bosio (1824) 🇲🇨

27. Montenegro: "Our Lady of Philermos" (11th / 12th century) 🇲🇪

28. Netherlands: "Wheat Field with Cypresses" - Van Gogh (1889) 🇳🇱

29. North Macedonia: "Moses Parting the Red Sea" from the Paris Psalter (10th century) 🇲🇰

30. Norway: "The Scream" - Edvard Munch (1893) 🇳🇴

31. Poland: "Rejtan" - Jan Matejko (1866) 🇵🇱

32. Portugal: "Jesus in the House of Marta" - Vasco Fernandes (c.1535) 🇵🇹

33. Romania: "Oxcart" - Nicolae Grigorescu (1899) 🇷🇴

34. Russia: "Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan" - Ilya Repin (1885) 🇷🇺

35. Serbia: "The Wounded Montenegrin" - Paja Jovanović (c.1882) 🇷🇸

36. Slovakia: "Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the heart V - War" - Albin Brunovsky (1990) 🇸🇰

37. Slovenia: "Spring" - Ivan Grohar (1903) 🇸🇮

38. Spain: "Las Meninas" - Diego Velázquez (1656) 🇪🇸

39. Sweden: "Nordic Summer Evening" - Richard Bergh (1900) 🇸🇪

40. Switzerland: "The Nightmare" - Henry Fuseli (1781) 🇨🇭

41. Ukraine: "Kateryna Olia" - Taras Shevchenko (1842) 🇺🇦

42. United Kingdom: "The Hay Wain" - John Constable (1821) 🇬🇧

43. Vatican City: "The Last Judgment" - Michelangelo 🇻🇦

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Oct 24

Few people know what happens *after* the events of The Lord of the Rings.

But it's one of the most poetic and thought-provoking endings in literature... 🧵

After Sauron's defeat at the end of the Third Age, the kingdoms of men are restored.

Aragorn rules the Reunited Kingdom for 120 years, followed by his son for another century.

The Elves depart for Valinor (the last ship leaves at some point during the Fourth Age).

Any who linger on in Middle-earth fade away, both in body and spirit.

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Oct 22

Knowledge is not the same thing as wisdom.

Dostoevsky knew just how dangerous it is to mistake intellect for understanding.

Here is his warning about wisdom, and his secret to becoming truly wise… 🧵

In his 20s, Dostoevsky was drawn into the idealism of his age. He joined a group of political idealists who met to debate utopian socialism.

But when the group was arrested in 1849, his idealism quickly came crashing down.

Dostoevsky was sentenced to four years of hard labor in a Siberian prison, where he came face-to-face with the depths of the human soul.

He came to understand that the revolution he wanted would begin not in the streets, but in the soul…

Read 20 tweets

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Oct 20

Tom Bombadil is the most mysterious character in The Lord of the Rings.

He's the oldest being in Middle-earth and completely immune to the Ring's power — but why?

Bombadil is the key to the underlying ethics of the entire story, and to resisting evil yourself… 🧵

Tom Bombadil is an enigmatic, merry hermit of the countryside, known as "oldest and fatherless" by the Elves. He is truly ancient, and claims he was "here before the river and the trees."

He's so confounding that Peter Jackson left him out of the films entirely...

This is understandable, since he's unimportant to the development of the plot.

Tolkien, however, saw fit to include him anyway, because Tom reveals a lot about the underlying ethics of Middle-earth, and how to shield yourself from evil.

Read 18 tweets

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Sep 5

The story of Saint George isn't just about a brave knight slaying a dragon and saving a damsel.

St. George matters because he holds the answer to the most important of all questions:

What actually is evil, and how do you destroy it? 🧵

To understand the nature of evil, first note that the dragon is a perversion of the natural world.

Its origin is in nature, like the snake or lizard, and that makes it compelling. It's close enough to something natural (something good) that we tolerate it.

And notice the place from which it emerges. In Caxton's 1483 translation of the Golden Legend, it emerges from a stagnant pond: water without natural currents, which breeds decay.

It's also outside the city walls, and thus overlooked.

Read 18 tweets

The Culturist

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Jul 29

Why would someone who could paint the picture on the left choose to paint the picture on the right?

A thread... 🧵

Picasso died in 1973 at the age of 91.

His self portraits had changed quite a lot by that age...

But why did he want, as he put it, to "paint like a child"?

The answer has a lot to do with Picasso himself, but also with the changing world in general...

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The Culturist

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Jul 11

The French Revolution was way more sinister than you think.

In a frenzy to purge all aspects of Christian life, they even changed the calendar and UNITS OF TIME.

10-hour days, 100-minute hours, 100-second minutes.

Then they made a new religion — the Cult of Reason… 🧵

From 1793 to 1795, France mandated "metric time": 10 hours in a day, 100 minutes in an hour, etc.

In their zeal to remake society, revolutionaries deemed this an essential step to becoming truly "rational".

Authorities created new clocks to make people adjust to the new units, and went about checking that the new times/dates went on all public documents.

Read 16 tweets

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