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Dec 19 19 tweets 6 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
Australian #cultivatedmeat company @itsjustvow's safety info for its product was recently released, making it the 3rd safety dossier available to the public

The product is not yet approved & public comment is open until Feb 5th

Key info in this thread:

vegconomist.com/cultivated-cel…
@itsjustvow Let's start w/ the conclusion from the regulator Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), which notes that key safety considerations such as allergenicity, toxicity of inputs, and microbiological risks were low. It is deemed safe to use as an ingredient in food.
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@itsjustvow Cells: The cells used for production are an embryonic fibroblast line derived from Japanese quail.

The cells were originally obtained from an unnamed public repository based in Europe and adapted for use in production.
Cells: The cells were spontaneously immortalized. The cells are not engineered or genetically modified.

No, immortalized cell lines are not the same thing as "eating cancer"

Media: The cells to produce the product are grown in a media that does not contain any antibiotics.

This is consistent with our expectations for the industry. Decoupling meat production from antibiotics is a huge benefit of #cultivatedmeat.

gfi.org/blog/cultivati…
Media: The cells grow in suspension in a serum-free media.

Yes, as I've said for many years, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) is not a real bottleneck for the industry. Expect other products to follow. The amount of CM that will ever be produced with serum is negligible.
Safety: The cells are tested for pathogens prior to banking, as well as common foodborne contaminants such as E. coli and Salmonella following cell culture

All results are negative. Another advantage of CM is quality control of the cells, ensuring their safety/sterility. Image
Product: The cultivated quail cells are intended to be used as an ingredient in meat products, where they may be mixed with other food ingredients such as plant proteins or fats (making it hybrid/blended).

The quail cells are intended to make up the bulk of the product.
Product safety: The product is free of heavy metals and microbiological contaminants.
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Nutrition: The product's macronutritional profile suggests its water content is higher than conventional quail, its protein content is roughly half, and it contains very little fat

This may be the result of using fibroblasts rather than full tissue (containing muscle, fat, etc)
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Nutrition: Amino acid and fatty acid results are shown below, compared to conventional quail. No cholesterol values are provided.

There is some variation noted
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Nutrition: Mineral content is shown below, compared to conventional quail

Minerals in comparatively low amounts include calcium, iron, and sulfur. Minerals in high amounts include potassium, sodium, and zinc.

None of these are expected to result in safety issues. Image
Nutrition: Vitamin content is shown below, compared to conventional quail.

Vitamins in comparatively high amounts include B1, B7, B9, and B12.
B7, B9, and B12 are all quite high, although this is not anticipated to result in any safety issues. Image
Labeling: FSANZ discusses labeling of the product. Due to how the law is written, the product can't be called meat because the cells are derived from an embryo.

The regulator suggests using the term "cell-cultured" for food ID purposes, based on a consumer study they conducted.
The dossier was originally submitted on Jan 20th, 2023, so it took roughly 11 months for it to be evaluated up until this point. The product is also under review in Singapore.

The next steps are two public commentary periods, which will inform the final approval process in 2024
Website containing the safety submission, accompanying documentation, and assessment/summary from the regulators:

foodstandards.gov.au/food-standards…
There are 2 products currently approved for sale in the United States.

See this thread for the FDA documentation of the approved cultivated chicken produced by @UPSIDEfoods

See this thread for the FDA documentation of the approved cultivated chicken produced by @GOODMeat

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More from @elliotswartz

May 9
The study that this headline is based on is a pre-print, and the claim is based on the authors' assumptions that media inputs require purification analogous to the pharma industry: Image
Unfortunately, the assumption isn't correct.

Data has been shown at conferences for years from media input suppliers that food or even feed-grade ingredients can support animal cell growth without issue, including issues from endotoxins.

ImageImage
The article shares info about our study & assumptions that cultivated meat manufacturers would use primarily food-grade ingredients.

But it doesn't say why: because our assumptions were informed by working w/ over 15 companies involved in the production supply chain. Image
Read 11 tweets
Apr 27
Didn't have time to read the 150 pages of new information associated with @GOODMeat's FDA pre-market consultation for cultivated chicken?

Key info in this thread.

npr.org/sections/healt…
Let's start with the conclusion. The FDA states, "foods comprised of, or containing, cultured chicken cell material resulting from the production process defined in CCC 000001 are as safe as comparable foods produced by other methods."

So how is it made?
Cells: The cells used for production are a publicly available cell line known as DF-1, which has been in the ATCC cell bank since 1996. The cell line is a chicken fibroblast line obtained from 10 day old embryonic chicken tissue.

This was unexpected!
Read 21 tweets
Feb 14
Some thoughts on (1) whether immortalized cells for #cultivatedmeat production should be compared to eating cancer (2) whether consuming them would give you cancer & (3) whether long-term studies are needed to ensure the safety of cultivated meat...

bloomberg.com/news/features/…
(1) The article says immortalized cells are precancerous or in some cases cancerous

There are 6 hallmarks of cancer, immortality is 1 of them. Having 1 feature of a complex phenotype doesn't mean it is that type.

You can't equate immortality to cancer.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hallm…
(1) Thus, while all cancers are immortalized, not all immortalized cells are cancer. Sorta like how not all rectangles are squares.

To become cancer, a transformation involving the loss of control in various aspects of cell growth & regulation is one event that occurs.
Read 25 tweets
Dec 28, 2022
The most comprehensive study to date of #cultivatedmeat production was just published, led by scientists from @believermeats

Much of the data in this paper will likely make up their safety dossier for regulatory approval in the US

What did we learn? 👇

nature.com/articles/s4301…
For context, @believermeats is the 2nd most capitalized #cultivatedmeat company, having raised nearly $400M to date

They recently broke ground on a large production facility in N. Carolina

Cell lines: The company isolated fibroblasts from fertilized chicken embryos from 2 breeds (broiler Ross 308 and Israeli Baladi chickens).

Over time, the fibroblasts spontaneously immortalized, w/ stabilized doubling times of ~20 hrs. Image
Read 28 tweets
Nov 28, 2022
It's been almost 2 weeks since the historic announcement of FDA's green light for cultivated chicken from @upsidefoods. This coincided with over 100 pages of new information related to the production and safety of #cultivatedmeat.

So what did we learn?

nytimes.com/2022/11/17/cli…
Let's start w/ the conclusion. The FDA "did not identify any properties of the cells as described that would render them different from other animal cells w/ respect to safety for food use."

Cells are cells, whether grown inside or outside the animal

Here's what was evaluated:
Cells: 2 cell lines were used. Myoblasts acquired from an adult chicken & fibroblasts acquired from a mid-stage fertilized egg.

The myoblast line was spontaneously immortalized. The fibroblast line was immortalized through genetic engineering (more on that later)
Read 27 tweets
Nov 30, 2021
I want to add some color to the key points of contention highlighted two months ago in The Counter article.

This will be the last I'll say on this for a while. Long 🧵!

thecounter.org/lab-grown-cult…
As mentioned in my perspective piece, despite how they are portrayed, the CE Delft & Humbird TEAs are actually quite similar in their high-level findings IMO.

gfi.org/blog/rational-…
TEAs suggest that CM production costs are high due to (1) current media costs, (2) current bioreactor costs, & (3) additional infrastructure costs needed to produce meaningful amounts of CM.

So let's talk about those.
Read 61 tweets

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