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GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
@GemsOfINDOLOGY
Dec 20, 2023 • 16 tweets • 6 min read • Read on X
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#Thread Oldest man marks in #Bharat

1. Ostritch Eggshell found in Patne, Maharashtra
- Engraved #Ostrich eggshell pieces revealing an artist's struggle with controlled strokes, resulting in captivating cross-hatchings.

- Dated back to 25,000±200 BP

#Archaeology

1/
1/15 Image
Another Engraved Ostrich Eggshell Discovery in Ravishankar Nagar, Bhopal - An intricately engraved piece of ostrich eggshell with 7 distinct scars artistically arranged to form a captivating pseudo-oval shape.
Ostritches migrated to Africa from India

2/15
Image
Fluted chert cores, one stands out with an engraved spiral rhomboid design. It has two parallel lines that move clockwise from the center, forming intertwining spiraling arms. The engraved design has suffered partial damage,

3/15 https://ignca.gov.in/PDF_data/Webinar_4th_VS_Wakankar_Memorial_Lecture_booklet.pdf
Finished ostrich eggshell beads from Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh. Upper Palaeolithic 18700 ybp. The neat holes means the people had capability of drillng

4/15 Image
Archaeologists found circular ostrich eggshell discs in Khaparkheda, India in the 1970s. Artisans shaped them into circular forms with primitive tools, creating intricate patterns. Unfinished specimens reflect our ancestors' artistic aspirations.

5/15 Image
The oldest stone tools discovered in India date back 1.5 million years. These tools were unearthed at the archaeological site of Attirampakkam, Tamilnadu, India, and were crafted in the Acheulian style, associated with the Early Stone Age.

6/15 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25444.epdf Around 385,000 years ago, the Levallois technology used at Attirampakkam emerged. Interestingly, this was around the same time when Levallois tools began appearing in Africa and Europe. (NPR rejects theory that the Levallois technique spread to diverse geographic regions around 125,000 years ago, when humans began dispersing from Africa. Humans have been creating stone tools for about 2.6 million years. Approximately 400,000 years ago, our ancestors experienced a significant improvement in their technique. Moving from cumbersome implemen...
The Narmada Man Skull, dating back around 500,000 years ago, is the oldest human fossil in India. It exhibits Homo erectus features with unique characteristics.
This discovery highlights India's role in early human dispersal and the presence of Homo erectus.

7/15 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068305001272 The skull cap is well-preserved, with a complete right half and part of the left parietal bone. It is relatively small, with a cranial capacity of around 1,200 cubic centimeters. This is slightly smaller than the average cranial capacity of modern humans, but within the range of Homo erectus. The skull cap has a number of features that are typical of Homo erectus, including a thick brow ridge, a sloping forehead. Some scientists believe that the Narmada Man Skull represents a new species of Homo erectus, while others beli...
Artefacts found in Hanumanthunipadu, Andhra Pradesh, reveal ancient human history. Recent findings estimate them to be 2.47 lakh years old. (Times of India)

8/15 Image
Landmark discovery of 11 million-year-old human ancestors in Kutch, Gujarat

9/15
9 Million Years Old Ape Fossils found In Haritalyangar, Shiwalik hills region Himachal Pradesh, India
The Ape was similar to ancestors 'liopithecoid,' found in Eurasia during the Miocene period (18 MYA to 7 MYA

10/15
The earliest ancestors to modern ape and orangutans were found in India.

11/15
Bori Khurd is a town located in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. It is known for the discovery of some ancient human artefacts belonging to lower paleolithic period.
Reported artefacts from Bori suggest the appearance of human beings in India around 1.4 million years ago

12/15
A joint Indian-French team found the artefacts on the Siwalik hills about where tectonic activity has exposed an outcrop of bedrock dating back at least 2.6 million years. “Hominins lived in sub-Himalayan floodplains 2.6 million years ago.

13/15
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2076072-asian-stone-tools-hint-humans-left-africa-earlier-than-thought/#:~:text=A%20joint%20Indian%2DFrench%20team,which%20made%20their%20dating%20tricky. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068315002304
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More from @GemsOfINDOLOGY

GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Feb 5
1️⃣ The first diamond ever touched by human hands came from Indian soil. Golconda mines, 4th century BCE. We didn't dig for profit. We picked them from riverbeds like pebbles. 💎

Then someone realized they could own what the earth gave freely. Image
2️⃣ 1600s: Golconda diamonds weighed 23 million carats annually. The world's entire supply. Tavernier documented it. Shah Jahan embedded them in the Peacock Throne.

We controlled brilliance itself. Image
3️⃣ 1739: Nadir Shah walks into Delhi. Walks out with the Kohinoor and the Peacock Throne. Combined worth? Impossible to calculate. The throne alone held 26,733 gems.

First lesson: What glitters gets taken. Image
Read 8 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Jan 30
1/ ASI admits stone jars occur across Assam, Laos, Vietnam, and the Philippines.

That admission changes everything. Once you acknowledge geographic spread, local narratives collapse. Interpretation must go regional. 🧵 Image
@himantabiswa @ASIGoI @MinOfCultureGoI @tourismgoi @gssjodhpur @UNESCO 2/ ASI records no present-day tribe claims authorship.

That's not ambiguity. That's normal. Mortuary traditions outlast populations, languages, identities by millennia.

Continuity ≠ authorship. Image
3/ ASI calls them ancestral bone repositories — already placing them in secondary burial systems.

The same function archaeologically proven at the Plain of Jars.

Function aligns across regions. Not coincidence. Image
Read 7 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Jan 22
1/10
Meet Bhagirathi — the river that dragged Ganga from Shiva's hair to earth.

Rigveda calls her "the one who flows with the speed of thought."

Today? A trickle dying before Gangotri even starts.

From cosmic torrent to seasonal sewer. Thread 🧵 Image
2/10
Bhagirathi begins at Gaumukh — "cow's mouth" glacier.

1935: 300-meter ice wall, roaring.
2025: Snout retreated 3+ km uphill. Glacier lost 25% volume since the 1960s.

Your Himalayan trek selfie is on her corpse. 📸❄️ Image
3/10
Vedic seers saw her as divine:
नदीं न संनादतीं दमूनसम् (RV 10.75.4)
"The river that roars like a bull in rut."

Now? Summer discharge down 40% since 1990.
Sometimes she doesn't reach Devprayag to become "Ganga."

Literal identity crisis. 🏔️💧 Image
Read 10 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Jan 22
You already know that for over 2,000 years, Indian smiths forged steel so sharp it cut European swords in half. So resilient it became legend across continents.

By 1900, those same smiths were classified as backward. Primitive. Incapable of innovation.

What happened between? 🧠⚔️ You don't know!!

A 5-step manual for erasure. READ On 👇

#decolonisation #UncropTheTruth

1/7Image
Step 1: Extract the technique

Indian wootz steel arrived in British laboratories in 1795. Samples were analysed, chemical compositions documented, papers published in the Royal Society. The steel was credited to "Eastern origin." The smiths who forged it? Unnamed. Untraced. Irrelevant.

The technique was extracted. The technician was erased.

2/7Image
Step 2: Disrupt the ecosystem

Wootz steel required specific forests for charcoal, particular ores, seasonal smelting cycles. Colonial forest laws between 1855–1878 criminalized wood collection, turned smelting zones into "reserved land," cut access to raw materials.

The furnaces went cold. Not because knowledge disappeared, but because resources were locked behind permits the smiths couldn't obtain.

3/7Image
Read 7 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Jan 9
#GemsOfASI #14
Theft, loss, and inventory failure

1/
 When artefacts disappear from protected monuments, the response is usually administrative.
Files are opened, reports are written, and records are updated.
By the time this happens, the loss has already occurred much earlier. Image
2/
 Many antiquities under protection are still incompletely catalogued, irregularly verified, or stored without consistent physical security.
In such cases, legal custody exists on paper, but effective control on the ground is weak or absent. Image
3/
 Once local community presence was removed from many sites, informal and continuous surveillance disappeared with it.
As a result, losses are often discovered only years later, during audits or inspections, when recovery is no longer realistic.
(3/5) Image
Read 5 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Jan 7
#GemsofASI #13

1/ Community custodianship removed. Decay accelerated.

For centuries, India's monuments survived not because of departments.

They survived because of communities.

Priests. Caretakers. Villagers. Guilds.
Daily acts of maintenance kept stone alive.

Then we professionalized protection—and removed the protectors.Image
2/ What did daily custodianship look like?

• Cleaning debris
• Clearing drainage
• Minor repairs before they became major
• Ritual upkeep
• Constant presence

This wasn't "informal."
It was a functioning system.

Colonial archaeology called it a liability. Image
3/ British ASI reframed custodians:

• Untrained ❌
• Intrusive ❌
• Encroachers ❌

Control replaced continuity.

Post-Independence? We kept the same framework.

Protection became professionalised.
Also **detached**.

Local custodianship: removed.
On-ground substitute: none. Image
Read 8 tweets

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