How do we know that Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat sultanate which ruled such huge landmass was native Indian Muslim (converts from Hinduism) ?
Let us read in detail about the Rajput and Gangetic origins of the Muzaffarids in the light of primary sources.
[🧵THREAD🧵]
Mirat-i-sikandari states that Zafar Khan, the founder of sultanate, was a Tāk (تاک) belonging to Kahteri (کهتري) tribe.
Mirat-i-ahmedi says same except instead the word Tāk, uses the word Tānk (تانک).
Both attest their Suryavanshi lineage going back till Rajah Ramachandra.
What is this ‘Kahteri’? Some writers have unfortunately mistaken it for ‘Khatri’.
In reality, the word Kahteri (کهتري) refers to Chhatri/Kshatriya and has been used solely for Rajputs by Mughal historians.
Ain-i-Akbari & an older Mughal inscription dated 1538 CE affirms this.
Moreover, a much older source than both Mirat-i-sikandari and Mirat-i-ahmedi attests the Kshatriya lineage of Sultan Fateh Khan (popular as ‘Mahmud Shah Begada’).
‘Jarabakshapatasühi Sri Mahamida Suratrana Charita’ of Kavi Udayaraja which was completed in 1460s is that source.
Now since it is firmly established that Muzaffarids were Rajputs (Kshatriyas), so from where did they come from?
Tāk/Tānk are a different name for the word Takshak, which is and was a Kshatriya tribe. It means ‘snake’ in Sanskrit.
‘Tāk, Tānk, Tāki, Takshak, Naga’ mean the same.
Mahabharata (claimed to be 2,300 years old) states that Takshak dwelled in Kandava forest (situated in Gangetic plain near Delhi).
However, even inscriptions dated as early as 400 BCE mention the dwelling and presence of Takshaks (Nagas) in Gangetic cities like Mathura.
These Nagas (Takshaks) would migrate westwards later and even establish a Tānk Kingdom (700 BCE).
Conclusion:
🔸Tānks were Kshatriya (Rajput tribe) originating from Gangetic plains.
🔸They migrated to west settling in Haryana, Punjab & Afghanistan and ruling them.
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While the world celebrates the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260), few recall the valiant efforts of Indian Muslims against the Mongols, which single handedly saved Islamic civilization from utter collapse.
Thread 🧵: The Role of Indian Muslims in the Triumph of India over Mongols.
A contemporary Persian, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (d. 1266) narrates the subjugation Muslims faced since Changiz Khan's 1219 invasion. Following Baghdad's Sack (1258), India emerged as a refuge for Muslims fleeing the Mongols, becoming a leading bastion of Islamic civilization.
Since 1296 CE, Sultan Alauddin Khilji ruled Delhi. Though he was non-Indian, his administration and military were notably composed of Indic Muslims (Hindu converts to Islam).
Both the Regent of the Empire, Malik Kafur, and the Prime Minister, Malik Nusrat Khan, were Indic.
The participation of Gangetic-Yamunite Muslims in the War of 1857, led by Gangetic population, which led to dissolution of Colonial British EIC rule and establishment of a liberal joint rule of Princely states [over 52% landmass] and British crown [over 48% landmass].
Thread🧵:
Despite constituting only 10.6% of the population, Muslims were overrepresented in the bureaucracy. Even after losing favour post-1857, they were:
District governors: 54% Ms
Sub-district governors: 53% Ms
Judiciary: 56% Ms
Salaried over Rs.150 monthly: 35% Ms
Muslims were not only overrepresented in the bureaucracy but also fairly or even overrepresented in the Army.
Under Chhatrapati Sambhaji's rule (1681–1689), the Maratha state crumbled. His leadership brought devastating defeats and left the Maratha empire in chaos.
Thread 🧵:
(1) Battle of Dharampur, june 1681 — Muzaffar Khan & Ranmast Khan defeated marathas near Dharampur pass. Marathas abandon 8000 cattle & captives.
(2) Battle of Punagarh, october 1681 — Ranmast Khan routed marathas & took back most of the booty in their invasion of Punagarh.
(3) Two invasions of Ahmednagar, october 1681 — Marathas attacked Mughals twice at Ahmadnagar, in order to rescue Sambhaji's wife & sister lodged there since their capture by Dilir Khan, but were defeated with heavy slaughters & losses
An notorious attempt has been made to appropriate an Indo-Islamic monument, the Mosque of Sambhal, based on some ‘assumptions’ against historical sources. Let us analyse — 🧵.
“... It did not even exist until 19th century ...”
— Jama Masjid of Sambhal, sketched in 1789 CE.
Thomas Daniel (1749-1840) and William Daniel (1769-1837) sketching it on 24 March 1789 CE, means the Mosque was already present in there for years (to say the very least). Why?
The “dome” is not an Indian architectural features and building it required years to build back then.
@/TrueIndology has used Cunningham's work. He/She states that Muslims did not the possession of Mosque until 1850s.
Well, P.J. August Urbain states in 1835 CE:
“Il existe à Sumbul une mosquée de la plus grande beauté” (There exists at Sumbul a mosque of the greatest beauty).
In this thread [🧵], I will briefly respond to the fallacious allegations hurled against Indian Muslims regarding partition (1947):
The thread will be revolving around one commonly hurled argument - Did Indian Muslim really have a choice to migrate?
In the year 1941 CE, the regions which now fall under the Republic of India had a Muslim population estimated around ~42,645,000 out of total ~318,660,580 [Republican boundaries].
The impact of 1947-partition on the Indian Muslims [Republic] was such that their population declined from ~42,645,000 [1921] to 35,400,000 [1941].
The Indian Muslims lost ~7,445,000 of their population to either massacre or immigration while Hindu population surged.