How do we know that Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat sultanate which ruled such huge landmass was native Indian Muslim (converts from Hinduism) ?
Let us read in detail about the Rajput and Gangetic origins of the Muzaffarids in the light of primary sources.
[🧵THREAD🧵]
Mirat-i-sikandari states that Zafar Khan, the founder of sultanate, was a Tāk (تاک) belonging to Kahteri (کهتري) tribe.
Mirat-i-ahmedi says same except instead the word Tāk, uses the word Tānk (تانک).
Both attest their Suryavanshi lineage going back till Rajah Ramachandra.
What is this ‘Kahteri’? Some writers have unfortunately mistaken it for ‘Khatri’.
In reality, the word Kahteri (کهتري) refers to Chhatri/Kshatriya and has been used solely for Rajputs by Mughal historians.
Ain-i-Akbari & an older Mughal inscription dated 1538 CE affirms this.
Moreover, a much older source than both Mirat-i-sikandari and Mirat-i-ahmedi attests the Kshatriya lineage of Sultan Fateh Khan (popular as ‘Mahmud Shah Begada’).
‘Jarabakshapatasühi Sri Mahamida Suratrana Charita’ of Kavi Udayaraja which was completed in 1460s is that source.
Now since it is firmly established that Muzaffarids were Rajputs (Kshatriyas), so from where did they come from?
Tāk/Tānk are a different name for the word Takshak, which is and was a Kshatriya tribe. It means ‘snake’ in Sanskrit.
‘Tāk, Tānk, Tāki, Takshak, Naga’ mean the same.
Mahabharata (claimed to be 2,300 years old) states that Takshak dwelled in Kandava forest (situated in Gangetic plain near Delhi).
However, even inscriptions dated as early as 400 BCE mention the dwelling and presence of Takshaks (Nagas) in Gangetic cities like Mathura.
These Nagas (Takshaks) would migrate westwards later and even establish a Tānk Kingdom (700 BCE).
Conclusion:
🔸Tānks were Kshatriya (Rajput tribe) originating from Gangetic plains.
🔸They migrated to west settling in Haryana, Punjab & Afghanistan and ruling them.
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It is time we break the shackles, bonds, and barriers imposed by the Hindu right nationalists, radicals, and leftists which force us to distort the truth to please them and get the history correct:
The Muslim League rose as a response to rising Hindu nationalism and fears over the future of Indian Muslims.
It never sought a separate nation at first. Even the term ‘Pakistan’ initially meant a chain of provinces within the Indian Union with greater internal autonomy.
The Muslim League's demand for an equal Muslim veto was entirely justified.
Muslims were no ordinary minority but a ruling religious class commanding 27% of British India's population & directly governing ~591,733 Km² of the British India through their sovereign princely states.
I wish, the Muslims of India could move beyond flawed nationalist or Islamist lenses to objectively analyse, appreciate, and critique the era of British Raj.🧵
#IndependenceEve2025🇮🇳
As an Indian Muslim, I regard the British Raj as the final stronghold of our political influence, sovereignty, and cultural presence. And, this is true.
I refuse to be mislead into adopting the simplistic and flawed narratives of Indian vs. Foreigner or Muslim vs. Kaffir.
Indian Muslim politics didn’t simply end with the Mughals. Even up to 1947, nearly 300,000 km² of Indian territory remained under the rule of Indian Muslim polities.
Since the end of the British Raj, we have become a powerless and persecuted minority.
The Kingdom of Bikaner [60,391 Km²]
The Kingdom of Jaisalmer [41,600 Km²]
The Kingdom of Kutch [45,674 Km²]
None of these paid either tribute or acknowledged Maratha suzerainty.
The Berar Province [29,340 Km²] was under the Do-Amli system. It was considered as a dominion of the Nizams of Hyderabad who shared the revenue with Bhonsles of Nagpur, who were given the relatively inferior position of Mokasdar.
While the world celebrates the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260), few recall the valiant efforts of Indian Muslims against the Mongols, which single handedly saved Islamic civilization from utter collapse.
Thread 🧵: The Role of Indian Muslims in the Triumph of India over Mongols.
A contemporary Persian, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (d. 1266) narrates the subjugation Muslims faced since Changiz Khan's 1219 invasion. Following Baghdad's Sack (1258), India emerged as a refuge for Muslims fleeing the Mongols, becoming a leading bastion of Islamic civilization.
Since 1296 CE, Sultan Alauddin Khilji ruled Delhi. Though he was non-Indian, his administration and military were notably composed of Indic Muslims (Hindu converts to Islam).
Both the Regent of the Empire, Malik Kafur, and the Prime Minister, Malik Nusrat Khan, were Indic.
The participation of Gangetic-Yamunite Muslims in the War of 1857, led by Gangetic population, which led to dissolution of Colonial British EIC rule and establishment of a liberal joint rule of Princely states [over 52% landmass] and British crown [over 48% landmass].
Thread🧵:
Despite constituting only 10.6% of the population, Muslims were overrepresented in the bureaucracy. Even after losing favour post-1857, they were:
District governors: 54% Ms
Sub-district governors: 53% Ms
Judiciary: 56% Ms
Salaried over Rs.150 monthly: 35% Ms
Muslims were not only overrepresented in the bureaucracy but also fairly or even overrepresented in the Army.