Aligarh was not pro-British except for Sir Syed. It produced some of the most vocal anti-colonial figures. The Muslim League leadership were grads of Aligarh.
The Deoband became politically active in the 1920s during the Khilafat movement, which was led mostly by modernists.
Kalam and Iqbal are also modernists in their theological and political orientations.
Figures like Mahmud Hasan & Ahmed Madani of Deoband were active in the Khilafat movement & had good relationships with modernists like Azad, Shaukat Ali Muhammad Ali and even Hindu figures.
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But even then, major figures of the Deoband movement like Ashraf Ali Thanawi were politically quietest.
For instance, he discouraged Muslims from participating in the Kashmir uprising in 1931. But figures like Ahmed Madani were politically active.
I always respond to counter-arguments when they are backed up by academic references. That's why I have decided to respond to this brother because he made a strong case. Let's begin. Bismillah.
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Usually, people ask for the best doctor when they have health problems. But when it comes to knowledge the same people rely on a bunch of YouTubers with little to no expertise.
The truth is these people don't care about knowledge just as much as they care about their health.
As Pakistanis, we should think about this carefully. Why do we have a track record of turning any molehill - literally any random person- into a mountain.
This is frankly embarrassing.
A journalist abusing history & philosophy, a physicist butchering every single topic under the sun, random podcasters inviting non-experts to talk about sophisticated topics (bulldozing them as they go), a public speaker who wants an overhaul of entire Sunni legal tradition.
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Enlightenment wasn't about some individuals who just woke and thought of democracy and constitutional govt out of nowhere. This book argues that it was part of centuries of psychological/cultural evolution that led to this.
But there's a huge bindsopt here.
@TheghostofMT
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Enlightenment was the time when NW Europe started studying & adopting foreign models of government, sciences & economics.
Chinese forms of govt (Leibnitz)
Islamic Sci. were translated and studied in the universities of Europe.
Indigenous American inspiration: freedom and equality
About a month ago, I was reading these two books together and found that on the topic of hunter-gatherers and the evolution of human societies, these books were arguing for two different points of view about human history.
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Point of contention:
Henrich argues that modern states emerged from chiefdoms, and chiefdoms are based on kinship ties, and that human societies evolved from hunter-gatherers to agriculture societies and later on to empires. This is commonly accepted in anthropology.
Graeber & Wengrow intervene:
Based on their research on hunter-gatherers of the past 25,000 - 15,000 years (before and during Ice Age), hunter gatherers did not transition from hunters to agriculture or farming societies.
Equality is a modern concept. The notion that all human beings regardless of the differences in their culture, tradition, religion, ethnicity, or socioeconomic factors be considered or treated the same is modern.
The right "ordering of things," to borrow a quote from Foucault,
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would be to treat humans differently based on their needs. But this will be nearly impossible for any unitary modern state to cater to the different societies.
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In the Sultanate, for example, the Sultan was not concerned with the private laws of the subjects. The only things that came under his domain were the public domain and public laws.
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