Since 2014, 2022 and more recently winter 2023, Ukraine has been building a huge defensive system. The multilayered “Donbass Line” composed of many trench network is quite similar to Russian Surovikin system.
🧵THREAD on Ukrainian in depth defenses⬇️
1/25
When we talk of defensive trench network, the huge Surovikin line is the first thing we think about: trenches, bunkers, mines, dragon teeths…
This particular system, sometimes compared to the Maginot line was one of the assets that stopped Ukrainian summer counteroffensive.
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Since it is already mapped by many, it is not useful to talk about it.
However, I’ve also mapped pre-2022 Russian defenses. It is interesting to see that these particular trenches system can still be used in case of a Ukrainian breakthrough.
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Let’s talk about Ukrainian defensive lines I called “Donbass line”.
Donbass line is quite different and more complex than Russian Surovikin system: it is composed of highly defended fortified system, separated by fields.
Zoom in⬇️ 4/
If we take the example of Ukrainsk-Muraka line (facing south near Kourakhove), we can see on this Sentinel-2 imagery that each system is separated by a kilometer at least.
Each fort can defend itself from every direction: you have to take all of them to advance.
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Contrary to Russian line, Ukrainian one is composed of many forts that are defending each other.
The 2014-15 Popasna-Luhanske line is a good example: to breakthrough, you have to assure that no other fort has fire control on you. (This particular line was however abandoned)
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The line 0:
This was the 2014-2022 line, it was composed of 2 systems near Marioupol (overrun in a few days because of the lack of personal), 2 lines near Popasna (Ukr retreated to the city) and one line between Marinka and Horlivka, with some part still standing.
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The really first line built from February to June 2022, preparing the retreat of Sievierodonetsk was built from southern Bakhmout to Siversk, passing through Soledar
This defensive system had 2 lines, both were overrun in Bakhmout and Soledar but are still standing in Siversk. 8/
At the same time, Ukrainians built lines 1, 2 and 3 in northern Donbass. Today, they are still building these lines.
Line one: Siverski-Donets river/Tchasiv Yar/Toretsk. 9/
Line two and three are the defenses of Kramatorsk and Sloviansk: 2 lines are protecting Sloviansk from the North, an anti tank ditcj and 1 line protecting the twin cities from the west.
+ 2 lines protecting Kostiantinivka/Droujkivka.
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Now, as some may ask themselves, the defenses after Avdiivka are already prepared but non-sufficient: main line is 17km from the city.
This line is however behind a river and lakes, making it a natural barrier.
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The final objective of the Russian offensive may be to reach Pokrovsk, the last big city and industrial center of Ukrainian Donbass (with Kramatorsk).
The Ukrainian Armed Forces have built a two layered trench system all around the city. 13/
Support lines:
Donbass is a thing, but there are 3 other fronts: Kherson, South (Zaporijia) and Louhansk/Kharkiv.
Apart from Mykolaiv defense network and old Russian Kherson defenses, I haven’t found any Ukrainian line in the oblast. 14/
In Zaporijia oblast, there are at least 2 main defensive lines, plus a line defending the city itself. In Louhansk frontline, we have the Lyman-Borova line quite impressive. There is also a line near Izioum.
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Currently, I’m investigating Ukrainian defenses on Russian border: the Koupiansk-Vovtchansk line, the Kharkiv defenses and border defenses in Sumy and Tchernihiv oblast.
For now I havn’t find many things, suggesting it is just the beginning.
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How does those systems look like? This image is a high resolution one (from google earth pro): you can see part of the western Sloviansk defense.
A Ukrainian trench is never linear, and it is not always linked to avoid loosing a whole line if one part has fallen.
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Ukrainians made fun of Russian anti-tank ditches and dragon teeths, but they are now using it. You can also see this new basement to protect soldiers from artillery and FPV shells.
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To geolocalise these trench network, I used 4 elements:
-Google earth updates (from June to august 2022)
-Sentinel-2 imageries, most of them until may-july 2022 (since it is the best time to see trenches)
-Geolocated Videos showing trenches (Kreminna forest)
-Esri Imageries
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Since some may ask, this work is not helping Russia. Why?
-We mapped Russian positions and defenses before
-Russia has satellites, and IA that can detect these lines
-For most of it, it is now nearly 6-month-old
-The map is indicative and non-exhaustive
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I’ve been mapping Ukrainian and Russian defensive lines since nearly 2 years, this is the first part of my final project, it will be updated and improved many times in a row.
Here is the link to have it on your computer. Please credit me when using it!
21/google.com/maps/d/edit?mi…
Keep in mind that when I’m using Sentinel-2, I can’t be precise, and there may be errors since it is sometime really difficult to know if there is a trench or not.
I will improve the map with updates of Maxar imageries in Google Earth.
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Here you can find the link for my interpretation of the lines. Since it is not a continuous defensive system, it is only an interpretation of hundreds of trenches. As tweet #21, you can download both trenches and defensive lines.
23/google.com/maps/d/edit?mi…
Since some people have already asked me, if you want to buy me a coffee for my volunteer work (tens of hours of work in my free time), you can here:
Thank you
24/buymeacoffee.com/clement.molin
This is the end of the thread
If you like it, you can repost the first tweet. Make sure to follow both my account @clement_molin and my think tank @atummundi
I will do a French version soon.
25/25
@escortert @Pouletvolant3 @frog_of_war @wolski_jaros @guillaume_ancel @Michel_Goya @ObsDelphi @CartesDuMonde @AudrandS @Black_BirdGroup @emilkastehelmi @GeoConfirmed @UAControlMap @Stevius21 @Danspiun @Tatarigami_UA @NOELreports @IntelCrab @egea_blog (some that may be interested)
En mettant de côté la Seconde Guerre Mondiale (nombre incalculable d'hommes et moyens conséquentes), les dernières guerre de la Russie/URSS se sont toutes matérialisées par une importante bataille d'attrition.
Sur le front de #Koursk 🇺🇦 en Russie 🇷🇺, l'enlisement des forces avant l'hiver.
Aucun des deux camps n'est parvenu à repousser durablement son adversaire durant les dernières semaines, de quoi remettre en question leurs stratégies.
🧵THREAD🧵1/24 ⬇️
Sur la partie ouest du front de Koursk, l'armée ukrainienne a pu avancer en direction de Glushkovo qui se retrouve désormais sous le menace directe des bombardements.
Pourtant, l'Ukraine ne doit pas se réjouir de ces petites progressions.
Dans ce processus, les ukrainiens ont subi des pertes, notamment sur l'axe de Sadovoye. La carte montre ainsi que Glushkovo reste largement isolé la rivière Seym et les territoires ukrainiens tout autour.
Il y a quelques mois, j'avais écrit "vers la fin de la guerre en #Ukraine 🇺🇦 ? "
A l'époque, les premières rumeurs de négociations prenaient place. Cette actualisation démontre que peu de choses ont changés depuis dans la vision politique.
🧵THREAD🧵1/25 ⬇️
Le thread en question, c'était il y a plus de deux mois en arrière.
N'oubliez pas d'aller suivre @atummundi, notamment pour le site internet sur lequel je publie des articles !
The operational situation is worsening for Ukraine🇺🇦 Armed Forces in the South Donetsk direction.
In the following days, Russia 🇷🇺 will reach Kourakhove and Ukraine will be forced to leave Vuhledar, its main stronghold on this front.
🧵THREAD🧵1/20 ⬇️
First, the general map for more context :
I'm french and most of my threads will be in french, so i'm sorry but you will have to translate most of them... (next ones will be in french).
I'm also writing for @atummundi, you can follow this account.
I still see many people saying the situation is under controll for Ukraine armed forces near Pokrovsk.
That's not totally true for Pokrovsk front itself. In the past week, Russia advanced to the edge of the third defensive line, taking the whole of Hrodivka city.
10.2 millions de réfugiés dont 2.2 externes, entre 20 et 150 000 morts, une guerre passée sous silence.
Au #Soudan 🇸🇩, deux armées s'affrontent depuis un an et demi dans une guerre sanglante, quelques Etats étrangers y participent indirectement (Ukraine 🇺🇦)
🧵THREAD🧵1/20 ⬇️
Première chose, voici le lien de la carte interactive que j'actualise dès qu'il y a des nouveautés :
Ensuite, vous pouvez venir suivre @atummundi, compte sur lequel je publie également. google.com/maps/d/u/0/edi…
La guerre civile soudanaise oppose deux camps.
L'armée Soudanaise (SAF), qui dirigeait le pays depuis le coup d'état de 2019 contre le dictateur El Bechir et les Forces de Soutien Rapide (RSF), ancien allié de cette armée Soudanaise.
Comprendre l'organisation générale du système défensif ukrainien 🇺🇦 du Donbass
La valorisation du terrain est importante pour toute armée qui joue sur la défensive. En 2023, l'armée russe avait creusé sa propre ligne "Surovikin".
🧵THREAD🧵1/15 ⬇️
La première image montre mon interprétation des lignes de défenses ukrainiennes. Je rajoute ici une seconde version avec les lignes défaites durant les deux dernières années de combats.
Le vert représente la progression russe depuis octobre 2023.
Les lignes de défenses ont plusieurs objectifs : se protéger contre les frappes d'artilleries (tranchées, bunkers...), empêcher une percée ennemi (fossés-antichars), se cacher sous terre.