Clément Molin Profile picture
Jan 10, 2024 26 tweets 10 min read Read on X
« The Donbass Line🇺🇦 »

Since 2014, 2022 and more recently winter 2023, Ukraine has been building a huge defensive system. The multilayered “Donbass Line” composed of many trench network is quite similar to Russian Surovikin system.

🧵THREAD on Ukrainian in depth defenses⬇️
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When we talk of defensive trench network, the huge Surovikin line is the first thing we think about: trenches, bunkers, mines, dragon teeths…

This particular system, sometimes compared to the Maginot line was one of the assets that stopped Ukrainian summer counteroffensive.

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Since it is already mapped by many, it is not useful to talk about it.
However, I’ve also mapped pre-2022 Russian defenses. It is interesting to see that these particular trenches system can still be used in case of a Ukrainian breakthrough.

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Let’s talk about Ukrainian defensive lines I called “Donbass line”.

Donbass line is quite different and more complex than Russian Surovikin system: it is composed of highly defended fortified system, separated by fields.

Zoom in⬇️
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If we take the example of Ukrainsk-Muraka line (facing south near Kourakhove), we can see on this Sentinel-2 imagery that each system is separated by a kilometer at least.
Each fort can defend itself from every direction: you have to take all of them to advance.

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Contrary to Russian line, Ukrainian one is composed of many forts that are defending each other.
The 2014-15 Popasna-Luhanske line is a good example: to breakthrough, you have to assure that no other fort has fire control on you. (This particular line was however abandoned)

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The line 0:
This was the 2014-2022 line, it was composed of 2 systems near Marioupol (overrun in a few days because of the lack of personal), 2 lines near Popasna (Ukr retreated to the city) and one line between Marinka and Horlivka, with some part still standing.

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The really first line built from February to June 2022, preparing the retreat of Sievierodonetsk was built from southern Bakhmout to Siversk, passing through Soledar
This defensive system had 2 lines, both were overrun in Bakhmout and Soledar but are still standing in Siversk.
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At the same time, Ukrainians built lines 1, 2 and 3 in northern Donbass. Today, they are still building these lines.
Line one: Siverski-Donets river/Tchasiv Yar/Toretsk.
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Line two and three are the defenses of Kramatorsk and Sloviansk: 2 lines are protecting Sloviansk from the North, an anti tank ditcj and 1 line protecting the twin cities from the west.
+ 2 lines protecting Kostiantinivka/Droujkivka.

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Now, as some may ask themselves, the defenses after Avdiivka are already prepared but non-sufficient: main line is 17km from the city.
This line is however behind a river and lakes, making it a natural barrier.

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The final objective of the Russian offensive may be to reach Pokrovsk, the last big city and industrial center of Ukrainian Donbass (with Kramatorsk).
The Ukrainian Armed Forces have built a two layered trench system all around the city.
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Support lines:
Donbass is a thing, but there are 3 other fronts: Kherson, South (Zaporijia) and Louhansk/Kharkiv.

Apart from Mykolaiv defense network and old Russian Kherson defenses, I haven’t found any Ukrainian line in the oblast.
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In Zaporijia oblast, there are at least 2 main defensive lines, plus a line defending the city itself. In Louhansk frontline, we have the Lyman-Borova line quite impressive. There is also a line near Izioum.

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Currently, I’m investigating Ukrainian defenses on Russian border: the Koupiansk-Vovtchansk line, the Kharkiv defenses and border defenses in Sumy and Tchernihiv oblast.
For now I havn’t find many things, suggesting it is just the beginning.

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How does those systems look like? This image is a high resolution one (from google earth pro): you can see part of the western Sloviansk defense.
A Ukrainian trench is never linear, and it is not always linked to avoid loosing a whole line if one part has fallen.

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Ukrainians made fun of Russian anti-tank ditches and dragon teeths, but they are now using it. You can also see this new basement to protect soldiers from artillery and FPV shells.

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To geolocalise these trench network, I used 4 elements:
-Google earth updates (from June to august 2022)
-Sentinel-2 imageries, most of them until may-july 2022 (since it is the best time to see trenches)
-Geolocated Videos showing trenches (Kreminna forest)
-Esri Imageries

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Since some may ask, this work is not helping Russia. Why?
-We mapped Russian positions and defenses before
-Russia has satellites, and IA that can detect these lines
-For most of it, it is now nearly 6-month-old
-The map is indicative and non-exhaustive

20/
I’ve been mapping Ukrainian and Russian defensive lines since nearly 2 years, this is the first part of my final project, it will be updated and improved many times in a row.
Here is the link to have it on your computer. Please credit me when using it!
21/google.com/maps/d/edit?mi…
Keep in mind that when I’m using Sentinel-2, I can’t be precise, and there may be errors since it is sometime really difficult to know if there is a trench or not.

I will improve the map with updates of Maxar imageries in Google Earth.

22/
Here you can find the link for my interpretation of the lines. Since it is not a continuous defensive system, it is only an interpretation of hundreds of trenches. As tweet #21, you can download both trenches and defensive lines.
23/google.com/maps/d/edit?mi…
Since some people have already asked me, if you want to buy me a coffee for my volunteer work (tens of hours of work in my free time), you can here:
Thank you
24/buymeacoffee.com/clement.molin
This is the end of the thread
If you like it, you can repost the first tweet. Make sure to follow both my account @clement_molin and my think tank @atummundi
I will do a French version soon.

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@escortert @Pouletvolant3 @frog_of_war @wolski_jaros @guillaume_ancel @Michel_Goya @ObsDelphi @CartesDuMonde @AudrandS @Black_BirdGroup @emilkastehelmi @GeoConfirmed @UAControlMap @Stevius21 @Danspiun @Tatarigami_UA @NOELreports @IntelCrab @egea_blog (some that may be interested)
@escortert @Pouletvolant3 @frog_of_war @wolski_jaros @guillaume_ancel @Michel_Goya @ObsDelphi @CartesDuMonde @AudrandS @Black_BirdGroup @emilkastehelmi @GeoConfirmed @UAControlMap @Stevius21 @Danspiun @Tatarigami_UA @NOELreports @IntelCrab @egea_blog @jdomerchet @DefMon3 @Tendar @Thinker_View @ChrisO_wiki @AndrewPerpetua @COUPSURE

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More from @clement_molin

Sep 13
‼️EN DIRECT ‼️La Russie à l'attaque de l'Europe

En Pologne 🇵🇱 et en Roumanie 🇷🇴, des sirènes anti-aériennes ont été déclenchées face à la menace de frappes russes.

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🧵THREAD🧵1/9⬇️
C'est une image inédite, des alertes aériennes retentissent dans l'est de la Pologne, demandant aux habitants de se cacher chez eux après que des drones russes survolant l'ouest ukrainien s'approchent de la frontière et menacent d'y pénétrer de nouveau.
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Il y a 3 jours, entre 10 et 16 drones russes sont entrés volontairement en Pologne, provoquant une réaction inédite de l'OTAN. Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 13
Verdun 1916 - Donbass 2025, le retour des tranchées

Sur le front ukrainien 🇺🇦, des dizaines de milliers de tranchées ont été creusées par les deux armées pour se protéger.

L'armée ukrainienne a mis au point deux imposantes lignes de défense à 20km du front.

🧵THREAD🧵1/19⬇️Image
Depuis 6 mois, l'armée ukrainienne prépare deux lignes de défense, que nous avons surnommé "Nouvelles Lignes du Donbass".

Visibles depuis l'espace, elles sont constitués d'une série d'obstacles anti véhicules et anti infanterie et de positions camouflée à l'arrière. Image
Les fortifications créées ont largement contribué à ralentir la progression d'un camp ou de l'autre.

Le terrain est plat, découvert et avec l'essor des drones, impossible de creuser des tranchées au milieu des champs. Ce sont donc ces grandes haies qui servent de positions. Image
Read 19 tweets
Sep 9
A Pokrovsk et Soumy, l'armée russe 🇷🇺 stoppée par les contre-attaques ukrainiennes 🇺🇦 change de stratégie.

Echouant à exploiter la percée de Dobropilla, l'armée russe pousse à Lyman et Pokrovsk'e, alors qu'elle est encore loin de ses objectifs de 2025.

🧵THREAD🧵1/25 ⬇️Image
Si 2023 fut une année à deux objectifs, mettre un terme aux perspectives offensives ukrainiennes et sécuriser le nord de Donetsk avec Bakhmout, 2024 fut l'année de la dernière bataille de Donetsk, permettant de repousser les ukrainiens loin de la ville, jusqu'à Pokrovsk. Image
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Pour 2025, même si nous ne pouvons pas le confirmer avec certitudes, le principal objectif russe était de préparer le terrain pour la "libération" finale de l'oblast de Donetsk, "prévue" pour 2026

Pour cela, il faut sécuriser Pokrovsk et Kostiantynivka, les deux principaux buts. Image
Read 25 tweets
Sep 8
From Poland 🇵🇱 to Moldova 🇲🇩 stretches the longest Ukrainian 🇺🇦 defensive line, 2 800 km !

The biggest fortification system is in the east, in Donbass, but we can also find massive fortifications near Belarus, Kharkiv, or Odessa.

Let's analyse what is new :

🧵THREAD🧵1/25 ⬇️Image
Since 2014, ukrainian forces have been fortifying the frontline, primarly with trenches, dugouts and bunkers.

In 2022, 2023 and 2024, they also added new defensive lines everywhere, with anti-tank ditches and open-air trenches, which are now obsolete. 2025 saw a new program : Image
Previous trenches and fortifications were obsolete, no dugouts, no firing positions, no cover against drones and too large for small infantry teams.

Thus, since the first months of 2025, we have seen a new strategy of trench and fortification building. Image
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Read 25 tweets
Sep 4
For only 3 weeks, russian 🇷🇺 airforce launched 1 500 airstrikes between Pokrovsk and Kostiantynivka, more than the previous monthly count.

Up to 40% of all russian airstrikes are happening in Pokrovsk in preparation for a larger offensive which may soon happen.

🧵THREAD🧵1/20⬇️Image
I've never documented that much airstrikes in this area since I'm counting them. I started on june 11th, counting may and until june 11th.

From july 11th to august 11th, I mapped 1 400 airstrikes in 4 weeks, from august 11th to september 3, I mapped additional 1 500 airstrikes. Image
This graph from @M0nstas shows the large increase in the use of airstrikes "bombs".

From 1 000 a month in 2024 to an average of 3 000 to 5 000 a month, especially in april with more than 5 000.

This month of august, 4 400 ! I estimate ~1 800 are from Pokrovsk, 40% ! Image
Read 20 tweets
Aug 29
Some interesting new findings 🇺🇦🇷🇺 :

-Around 36 airstrikes just behind Kramatorsk
-Work ongoing for the prolongment of "New Donbass Line" to Sumy oblast
-Trench work : on the 1st line of New Donbass line (2nd and 3rd ditch) + parallel ditch.
-Airstrikes, old and new ditch

⬇️ Image
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Burned down area around Velika Novosilka, captured in late january by russian forces. Image
A lot of FAB impacts on treelines and around in Sumy oblast. Image
Read 9 tweets

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