So if these decoys are easy to spot in satellite imagery, why did Russia create them?
While not very convincing in high resolution imagery, these decoys aim to mislead Ukrainian attack drones that rely on basic cameras for image recognition of aircraft shapes. (8/8)
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Throughout the summer, Russian forces have worked to close gaps in their defensive lines and expand existing fortifications along highways in occupied Ukraine.
This updated map shows many of Russia's new fortifications and links each to satellite imagery. (1/5)
In Zaporizhzhia oblast, Russian forces expanded fortifications outside Andriivka.
These defenses intersect the T0815 highway which leads further south in Russian-occupied Ukraine. (2/5)
Over the past month, Russian forces connected existing defensive lines near Kodema in Donetsk oblast (about 15 kilometers southeast of Bakhmut). (3/5)
In eastern Ukraine, many of the defensive lines built by pro-Russian and Ukrainian forces during fighting between 2014 and 2022 are now inside Russian-occupied territory.
This map update shows where these older fortifications overlap with newer defenses. (1/8)
A few important notes on this map of fortifications in eastern Ukraine from 2014 to 2022:
First, this data only reflects trenches, barriers, and revetments built before February 2022 that are now within territory occupied by Russian forces. (2/8)
Second, Russian forces have not maintained or expanded most of these positions which dramatically reduces their usefulness when compared to newer defenses. (3/8)