Seven stocks (Amazon, Apple, Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia, Tesla) added $5.1 trillion to their market cap in 2023, accounting for about 55% of the $9.2 trillion added during the year by all 6658 US firms. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
Going back a decade, these seven stocks have climbed from 8% of the value of all US firms to more than 24% of the value, with 2022 the only serious drawdown year. At a $12 trillion market cap, the Mag Seven are now worth more than all listed Chinese stocks. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
A US stock portfolio created in Dec 2012 without the Mag Seven stocks in it, would have had a shortfall of about 18% in cumulated value by the end of 2023, relative to a portfolio with these stocks. Small stock and value investors suffered! bit.ly/4bsNEcB
One explanation for the Mag Seven performance in 2023 is that it represented a recovery from a catastrophic 2022, when these seven stocks lost $4 trillion in market value. But it is only partial, since they outperformed other 2022 losers. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
Another is that is these companies are being rewarded for their superior business models, with pricing power, in the face of inflation, earnings growth, in the face of economic challenges and very little debt overhang. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
A third and longer term explanation is that these companies (Google, Meta, Amazon) are either already examples of winner-take-all phenomena in their businesses, or perceived (Tesla & Nvidia) to have a chance of getting there in the future.
The Mag Seven are clearly great businesses, but to assess whether they are good investments, you have to get a mismatch between your perceptions of a company and other investors' perceptions of the same company. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
The problem with using pricing ratios to make this assessment is that they are blunt instruments, and are difficult to adapt to reflect differences in growth and risk across companies. The Mag Seven trade at premium prices, but is the premium too high? bit.ly/4bsNEcB
Intrinsic valuations require assumptions that will be always wrong, in hindsight, and your best estimates for the future. That said, they represent a tool that I use to convert my perceptions of a company into value. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
With the addition of Tesla two weeks ago, I own all seven of these stocks, but the other six have been in my portfolio for much longer. I can live with the mild over valuation in $GOOG, $AAPl, $AMZN & $META, and even the larger over valuation in $MSFT. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
$NVDA is a bridge too far for me, and having halved my holding In Nvidia last summer, I plan to halve it again now. I have left money on the table by doing so, but there is no point having an investment philosophy, if you don't act on it. bit.ly/4bsNEcB
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Most investment lessons are directed at long-only investors in publicly traded stocks & bonds, with cash as a buffer. It ignores vast swathes of the investing universe, including private businesses, short strategies & non-traded assets. bit.ly/4l6DOSp
These ignored investments are what comprise the alternative investing universe, and in the last two decades, they have been sold relentlessly to portfolio managers, on the promise that they will yield better risk/return trade offs. bit.ly/4l6DOSp
The first pitch for alternative investing is based on "low" correlations with traded stocks and bonds, where adding them on to a primarily stock/bond portfolio will generate diversification benefits. bit.ly/4l6DOSp
In my eighth data update, I look at the use of debt at businesses in 2024 to fund operations, with fictional, real and frictional reasons all causing differences in debt usage across sectors and regions. bit.ly/3D5jnnR
The debt versus equity choice begins with an understanding of the criteria that separate them - contractual vs residual cash flows, tax benefits and control of management. bit.ly/3D5jnnR
The illusory reasons for borrowing money include increasing ROE and debt being cheaper than equity, and for not borrowing are lower net income, lower bond ratings and debt's higher explicit costs. bit.ly/3D5jnnR
In my sixth data update for 2025, I move from macro topics (interest rates, risk premiums) to micro and look at why hurdle rates matter, what goes into them and how to estimate them, using my estimates of costs of capital across global firms to illustrate. bit.ly/4hOFmy3
If you own or run a business, you need hurdle rates to decide whether and how much to invest, how best to fund yourself and how much cash you can take out of the business. That is corporate finance in a nutshell, and the cost of capital is everywhere, bit.ly/4hOFmy3
In investing and valuation, the cost of capital reenters the stage, as the risk adjusted discount rate you use in valuing a business, based on its cash flows, or in the background, when you price companies. bit.ly/4hOFmy3
In my valuation writing/teaching, I argue that a good valuation is a bridge between story and numbers, and how stories can change overnight. DeepSeek's entry into the AI business has changed the AI story, but is it a break, a change or a shift? aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/01/deepse…
The AI story, pre-DeepSeek, was built around a lucrative end market for AI products/services, and high entry costs (investments in computing power & data), leading to a profitable, big business, with a (few) winners collection huge spoils. aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/01/deepse…
The pre-DeepSeek AI story played out in markets, pushing up the pricing of players in the space, from firms building the architecture (chips, power) to firms aiming for the product/service market (from Palantir to big tech). aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/01/deepse…
It the end of the first full week in 2025, and my annual data update for 2025 is ready. You can find the details on the companies used, the variables that I measure and the estimation processes here. bit.ly/408MIW5
The sample includes all publicly traded companies, listed globally, with a market price greater than zero. There are 47810 companies in the sample, and the US dominates, at least in terms of market capitalization. bit.ly/408MIW5
Over the last three years, the US has increased its share of global market cap from 42% to 49%, as China and Europe have seen their shares shrink. bit.ly/408MIW5
At the start of every year, I invite people to sit in the classes that I teach at NYU Stern, at least virtually. As the spring 2025 semester approaches, I am having an open house for all of my classes. Drop by, if you have the time. bit.ly/3ZA956q
I teach because I like the stage, making a difference in how people think and their career choices and not having a boss. Teaching may not be held in much esteem any more, but I love teaching, and there is nothing else that I would rather do. bit.ly/3ZA956q
There is no one template for teaching, but mine is built around teaching classes that have a story line, and using real companies in real time. I hope that I stay true to my motto that I would rather be transparently wrong than opaquely right. bit.ly/3ZA956q