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Feb 10 ā€¢ 12 tweets ā€¢ 3 min read ā€¢ Read on X
This is what great European cities looked like a century ago... (thread) šŸ§µ

1. London (1930s)
...and Westminster bridge in 1896
2. Paris (1902)
...and the Notre-Dame in 1896
3. Barcelona (1909)
4. Vienna (1896)
5. Milan (1896)
6. Berlin (1896)
7. Amsterdam (1922)
8. Warsaw (1927)
And Paris again, where it was the norm to dress impeccably during the 1920s. What changed?
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More from @Culture_Crit

Jul 24
Reminder that Argentina was once as rich as the US and Buenos Aires was "the Paris of South America".

So what happened?

Here's how it looked ā€” and what it teaches us... (thread) šŸ§µ Image
At the turn of the 20th century, Argentina was as rich as the U.S. per capita, GDP grew 6% annually, and its beach resorts looked like this.

4 million Europeans flocked there during its Belle Ɖpoque ā€” dreaming of being "as rich as an Argentine".Image
It owed its wealth to its exports (beef and wheat mainly). These peaked at ~4% of all global trade in the 1920s, and Argentina was still as rich as much of Europe as late as 1950.Image
Read 17 tweets
Jul 22
In your opinion, when did architecture peak?

According to the 7 principles of architecture, there is only one correct answer... šŸ§µ Image
The answer is Gothic ā€” according to Victorian philosopher John Ruskin. He put forward 7 "lamps" required to lift architecture to its highest form.

But they're not precise rules or ratios. They're 7 moral virtues applied to architecture...Image
Image
First is sacrifice. Buildings must have visible proof of the love and dedication that went into them.

Today, we generally produce the largest result for the least cost, shaving any "unnecessary" detail or material from the design... Image
Read 15 tweets
Jul 19
Why did past societies build so much "useless" beauty everywhere ā€” and why did we stop?

It might be a measure of a culture's health... (thread) šŸ§µ Image
Street lights are seen by everyone. But what about things hardly seen at all, like fittings on the sides of doors?

This was the kind of thing Victorian society cared about ā€” but why?
Image
Image
The mantra of the 20th century was to say that ornamentation has no purpose, so get rid of it.

But ornaments assign ordinary things meaning. They speak to the tradition or craft that produced it...Image
Read 15 tweets
Jul 16
When Julius Caesar was assassinated, it wasn't by a lone attacker ā€” it was a group of his rivals in the Senate.

Why? Because they feared his growing popularity with the common people.

Here's how it unfolded on March 15, 44 BC... (thread) šŸ§µ Image
In 44 BC, Caesar was on a dramatic rise in popularity and power.

He had just put an end to the civil wars, defeated his rival Pompey, and showered Rome in military glory ā€” expanding the Republic across Gaul and beyond (yellow areas). Image
He was also a beloved populist: he distributed land to the poor, forgave debt burdens, and expanded the Senate for greater participation.

But to his political rivals, it seemed he was on a trajectory to kingship... Image
Read 18 tweets
Jul 15
Heaven is made up of 9 levels.

700 years ago, a poet described what it's like to climb them ā€” and what kind of person lands at each level.

Here's what he finds at the very top... (thread) šŸ§µ Image
In 1321, Alighieri Dante imagined a journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. It's one of the most imaginative stories ever told.

He travels right to the bottom of Hell and describes each of its 9 levels... Image
Why? Because to journey upward in life, you must first descend into the depths of your own soul.

At the very bottom, the bitterly cold point furthest from God's grace, is Satan ā€” trapped in a frozen lake of his own tears... Image
Read 22 tweets
Jul 12
In 1963, a man noticed his chickens disappearing through a hole in his basement.

He knocked through the wall, revealing what is hard to believe: a 20,000-person city, deep below ground.

It was built by Christians over 1,000 years ago... (thread) šŸ§µ Image
He had stumbled across what was then the largest underground city ever found, near the town of Derinkuyu, in Turkey's Cappadocia region.

But what on earth was it for? Image
Christianity in Cappadocia is as ancient as it gets. Paul the Apostle himself established one of the first Christian communities here in the 1st century.

By the 4th century, Cappadocia's bishops played a major role in the Byzantine Empire.
Image
Image
Read 18 tweets

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