Critical Aerosol Theory Profile picture
Feb 17, 2024 13 tweets 5 min read Read on X
🧵 1/12 Testing of the Zimi ZM95W (earloop only) which is under a newer Chinese kids mask standard. Surprisingly this is not a KN95 like the other kids Zimi I tested. It is actually listed as GB/T 38880-2020, Class W. Follow to see what that means. Image
2/12 You may have noticed your KN95 says "GB 2626-2019" or 2006. It is required for this to be on the mask to meet the standard. This means the mask maker tested it things such as the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) (%) is ≥95%, the breathing resistance is ≤210 Pa. Image
3/12 So the kids masks with GB/T 38880-2020 standard means that: breathing resistance is ≤ 45 Pa for Class F(protective) masks, and no strict requirement I found for Class W(hygenic) masks like the ZM95W- but it happens to be 45Pa. This means the kids masks are more breathable. Image
4/12 Class W masks must have a PFE of 90%, and Class F masks require PFE of 95% to pass. This is just the minimum performance of the filter media and per my results below the ZM95W actually exceeds both the Class W and Class F requirements!
5/12 Another noteworthy requirement- GB/T 38880-2020 requires adjustable straps(earloop/ headband). Tests on earloops have shown that adjustable earloops are quite important and should be required. Testing earloops at default tension could be like testing an unpinched nose wire. Image
6/12 How did it do? Extremely well for a breathable kids earloop mask! An overall fit factor of 35 means that 97.1% of the particles were blocked. Thus it exceeds the standard even for Class F protective kids masks when taking my son's individual fit into account.
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7/12 But this is just a 5 minute test and surely can't reflect real world protection for my son because it's an earloop right? It will surely just fall off his face because he is talking or moving? Nope. It even held up when I continued the test for 30+ mins. Overall FF 40. Image
8/12 And also our experience of true real world use you can see here. Unfortunately a wearable portacount will not be available or affordable anytime soon but it survived the running, jumping, playing, jumping jacks test today. Image
9/12 Do I recommend this? Not quite yet unless you have a portacount. Like the other kids Zimi I had to modify it before it could seal over my son's nose. The face seal has to be cut down otherwise it won't seal over the nose bridge. Fit is also quite individual for all kids.
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10/12 Zimi should offer a high nose bridge version or alternatively they could place lines to cut the face seal as I did. This mask design is excellent IMO and should be informative to mask makers outside of East Asia. I hope to see similar masks in North America & elsewhere.
11/12 What are my takeaways? It is important to have a children's mask standard that ensures that masks are breathable and thus more comfortable. Earloop masks should include earloop adjusters and we should adjust them just like we pinch nose wires(though zimi lacks a nose wire!)
12/12 Questions? Comments? Concerns? DM's always open.
Also see my other recent thread on Zimi for more information on the design

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More from @CriticalAerosol

Jun 28, 2024
1/20🧵 Family fit testing Friday is back! 2024 edition! Previously, I did lots of community testing. I am back at it with some major improvements. How? By empowering people to learn how to test themselves and take that skill home their family. Image
2/20 I have set up fit testing kits including: a Portacount 8020A, all accessories, the N95 Companion, custom probe installers made by me and designed by @masknerd , portacount probes given to me by @NukitToBeSure , and a computer for fit testing or data collection software. Image
3/20 We must always remember that the objective of fit testing is to ensure that the mask, as worn, fits to the face. The fit test allows us to determine if it fits and if there is a leak. For me this means to stabilize the sampling tube to make sure we aren't creating a leak. Image
Read 21 tweets
Mar 10, 2024
1/11 🧵 On a month+ of extended use of the ZM95S. There has been discussion on which type of masks are best suited for reuse and how the straps/nose seal/mask rigidity place into all of this and if the best masks to reuse are also comfortable. Image
2/11 The ZM95S features a semi rigid frame, an elastomeric like cloth seal, and adjustable straps, & very high fit factors. I speculated that these properties make it ideal for reuse. The straps can be tightened and the filter media provides a generous margin for safety. Image
3/11 My son used the same ZM95S for over a month- 2 to 3 times each week, & each use up to 3 hours. I modified the face seal before the first use. I manually tightened the straps to his face each time. Here it is ported after all that use(20 hours?) Some light wear and soiling. Image
Read 11 tweets
Feb 3, 2024
1/12🧵 The Zimi ZM95S (earloop). My son says "it is 100% comfortable, it is 100% good. I love it". This mask is a KN95 available in headbands and earloops for kids 4-7. Read for more information on the Zimi masks and limited testing results. Image
2/12 The design of the Zimi is modeled after the Japanese Shigematsu DD11V. This type of mask uses a semi rigid plastic frame with nose foam and an outer filter with a cloth-like soft seal. This is becoming a popular design in East Asia. Image
3/12 I was first altered to the Zimi by @noms780, however these are no secret within China. See the excellent threads by @paibangzhu explaining some benefits of this design which may lead to increased breathability and better fit.
Read 12 tweets
Jan 28, 2024
1/5🧵A newly published study on N95 reuse is being shared. This does not show that "dome" N95 are necessarily better for reuse vs trifolds. It only shows certain respirator models(all but 3M 9205+ are surgical respirators) worked better for reuse, partly due to strap material. Image
2/5 2 of the 3 "dome" 95 have very sturdy straps (3M 1860, 1860s) and both of the trifolds(3M 1870+, 3M 9205+) have weaker straps. I would always limit reuse on those two models. However to compare different styles for public use you would need to compare w/ similar straps also. Image
3/5 3M Aura 9210+ and Drager 1950 have straps that are suited for some reuse. They can also be far more comfortable. The "dome" style N95 are outdated and the least comfortable- I had pressure ulcers on my nose from using these in 2020. Don't recommend "dome" as first choice.
Read 6 tweets
Jan 22, 2024
1/21 🧵 On fit testing my family on Canadamasq Q100. This is a unique opportunity to try something that we don't often use, earloops! Canada has now allowed them under their new standard for respirators, CSA Z94.4.1:21. CSA(Canadian Standards Association). What does it all mean? Image
2/21 In 2020 CSA was tasked w/ creating a Canadian respirator standard. Leading up to this 3M Canada was the only long established big respirator company and new Canadian mask makers had to obtain NIOSH approval. NIOSH gave priority to US applicants over new Canadian mask makers.
3/21 A need was identified both for domestic production and approval of respirators and efforts were also made to improve upon NIOSH standards by incorporating quantitative fit testing, and attempting to meet physiological/functional/comfort needs of the wearer.
Read 20 tweets
Jan 13, 2024
🧵 1/9 On attempting to fix the Trudsafe device, a cheap Amazon knock off PAPR. Some of may remember that I previously tested many PAPRs against each other including the trudsafe. And that I also tested a local woman's DIY PAPR buggy. Let's take a look at what we know... Image
2/9 A local woman built a PAPR buggy. This was made to the specifications of a self proclaimed twitter "expert" who wrote an official looking paper. The baby protection device as made to his specifications had protection similar to a surgical mask.
3/9 Further, I tested different PAPRs & to see if I could improve the function of the Trudsafe with proper 40mm filters. I went from a fit factor of 4.2(not much better than a baggy blue) to a fit factor of 385 just by changing out the filters.
Read 9 tweets

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