Critical Aerosol Theory Profile picture
DIY testing respirators including PAPRs for Healthcare and for families. Professional Nurse, amateur mask tester.
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Mar 10 11 tweets 5 min read
1/11 🧵 On a month+ of extended use of the ZM95S. There has been discussion on which type of masks are best suited for reuse and how the straps/nose seal/mask rigidity place into all of this and if the best masks to reuse are also comfortable. Image 2/11 The ZM95S features a semi rigid frame, an elastomeric like cloth seal, and adjustable straps, & very high fit factors. I speculated that these properties make it ideal for reuse. The straps can be tightened and the filter media provides a generous margin for safety. Image
Feb 17 13 tweets 5 min read
🧵 1/12 Testing of the Zimi ZM95W (earloop only) which is under a newer Chinese kids mask standard. Surprisingly this is not a KN95 like the other kids Zimi I tested. It is actually listed as GB/T 38880-2020, Class W. Follow to see what that means. Image 2/12 You may have noticed your KN95 says "GB 2626-2019" or 2006. It is required for this to be on the mask to meet the standard. This means the mask maker tested it things such as the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) (%) is ≥95%, the breathing resistance is ≤210 Pa. Image
Feb 3 12 tweets 5 min read
1/12🧵 The Zimi ZM95S (earloop). My son says "it is 100% comfortable, it is 100% good. I love it". This mask is a KN95 available in headbands and earloops for kids 4-7. Read for more information on the Zimi masks and limited testing results. Image 2/12 The design of the Zimi is modeled after the Japanese Shigematsu DD11V. This type of mask uses a semi rigid plastic frame with nose foam and an outer filter with a cloth-like soft seal. This is becoming a popular design in East Asia. Image
Jan 28 6 tweets 2 min read
1/5🧵A newly published study on N95 reuse is being shared. This does not show that "dome" N95 are necessarily better for reuse vs trifolds. It only shows certain respirator models(all but 3M 9205+ are surgical respirators) worked better for reuse, partly due to strap material. Image 2/5 2 of the 3 "dome" 95 have very sturdy straps (3M 1860, 1860s) and both of the trifolds(3M 1870+, 3M 9205+) have weaker straps. I would always limit reuse on those two models. However to compare different styles for public use you would need to compare w/ similar straps also. Image
Jan 22 20 tweets 7 min read
1/21 🧵 On fit testing my family on Canadamasq Q100. This is a unique opportunity to try something that we don't often use, earloops! Canada has now allowed them under their new standard for respirators, CSA Z94.4.1:21. CSA(Canadian Standards Association). What does it all mean? Image 2/21 In 2020 CSA was tasked w/ creating a Canadian respirator standard. Leading up to this 3M Canada was the only long established big respirator company and new Canadian mask makers had to obtain NIOSH approval. NIOSH gave priority to US applicants over new Canadian mask makers.
Jan 13 9 tweets 4 min read
🧵 1/9 On attempting to fix the Trudsafe device, a cheap Amazon knock off PAPR. Some of may remember that I previously tested many PAPRs against each other including the trudsafe. And that I also tested a local woman's DIY PAPR buggy. Let's take a look at what we know... Image 2/9 A local woman built a PAPR buggy. This was made to the specifications of a self proclaimed twitter "expert" who wrote an official looking paper. The baby protection device as made to his specifications had protection similar to a surgical mask.
Dec 2, 2023 4 tweets 2 min read
1/4 🧵Family fit testing Friday. Extra short version, my family this time. Recently my anti-masker step-father approached me to ask if I could fit test him so he didn't get anyone sick this holiday season! I could hardly pick my jaw up off the floor, but instantly agreed. Image 2/4 He has never been a good masker, so wanted to try most comfortable N95 I have personally used. 3M VFlex 9105. There is almost no breathing resistance, feels to me like wearing nothing. There was some score deflation compared to my own, but still decent for this style test. Image
Oct 27, 2023 5 tweets 2 min read
1/5 🧵 Family fit testing Friday is back! Recently I had the privilege to test a local woman and her son on Aura, Trident, Drager, & Airgami respirators. Mom scored quite well on both models of Aura w/ both straps placed on crown and also had perfect fit on Drager 1950 Small. Image 2/5 Her 9 y/o had a perfect fit on Trident Small. The Airgami Small earloop mask has been his favorite and scored higher than expected for earloops in this minimally adversarial(easier) test. The Airgami is a really neat design and this kid has found it to be quite comfortable. Image
Jul 11, 2023 11 tweets 3 min read
1/10 🧵 on Australian Trident P2 respirators which come in small and extra small sizes and therefore are great for kids and petite adults. Will again share a few tips on fit for kids. This will also apply to some adults I'm sure. Image 2/10 Some have noticed the top headband sliding off the top of the head(actually happened during recent fit test of a kid and that happens to adults wearing headband respirators as well). My solution is to wear a hat or scrub cap and place the headbands on top for securement. Image
Jul 9, 2023 11 tweets 3 min read
1/8 🧵 When someone asks if the Cleanspace is good, its hard to convey *just how protective* these are. I decided to test it as I test disposable respirators, both powered on and off vs 3M Aura 1870+(a very good N95 respirator for Healthcare use). 2/8 Here are individual exercise scores. Turned off it works as a negative pressure respirator using your breath to pull air in through a hepa filter. Powered it senses my breath and actively delivers air to maintain positive pressure. Lowest protection in this mode about 99.98%!

Jul 8, 2023 11 tweets 3 min read
1/10 Another week of testing of masks all done. Here we see the importance of fit testing as a couple of NIOSH approved N95 respirators actually towards the bottom of the pack. One of the best non-Aura respirators is actually a discontinued Canadian KN95, unavailable to most... 2/10 The 3M Aura 1870+ is the one of the most commonly used surgical respirators, approved for healthcare use. It is a very good pick but the red rubber headbands not as durable as the braided elastic of 9210+ so take care in limiting reuse. Another post on 1870+ to come soon!
Jul 3, 2023 29 tweets 8 min read
1/24 Explainer 🧵on testing of masks. What do the numbers on the masks mean? They are harmonic mean fit factors which allow us to grade different respirators- from SCBA even down to earloop masks based on how well they are protecting the wearer vs a wide range of particle sizes. 2/24 How do you get these numbers? With a portacount machine. This is a particle counter that measures particles inside/outside of a probed mask during a fit test. The ratio of particles inside vs outside is converted into a numerical score called a fit factor.

Jun 26, 2023 10 tweets 2 min read
1/9 🧵A week's worth of adversarial testing of respirators & earloop masks done. You can see the clear trend with other testers. All of the best scoring respirators are trifold/boat shaped with headbands. Earloops, bifolds, and the extra flimsy duckbill offer inferior protection. 2/9 Vitacore gets very high scores, even up into the thousands on a static test. Not exactly my top pick for your everyday respirator because it lacks nose foam- makes it less comfortable and it has a lot of variation between different testers. Also not smaller than Auras.
Jun 18, 2023 22 tweets 9 min read
1/21 What am I up to? Just testing 5 PAPRs against each other as is normal. All of these offer a high level of protection except one. Highly relevant to the #PAPRbuggy #pramPAPR #PAPR Image 2/21 As I have posted before some of the tests NIOSH performs on these is to make sure the air flow stays at 170lpm to maintain positive pressure and a filter test to see that it is 99.97% efficient. I have confirmed all of these stay at 170lpm with included air flow testers.
Jun 12, 2023 6 tweets 3 min read
1/5 Had a very productive family fit test Sunday. Including Trident XS tested on a 5-year-old boy with very high fit factors, HMFF 126. Not pictured here is their child Flo Mask which was not able to get a face seal at all & obvious gaps w/ grimace- testing wasn't finished. 2/5 7 year-old-boy tested Pinztec small- same mask as Trident Small but sold for Chinese market. Also very high fit factors- HMFF 123 . No other tests done for him as he found a very protective mask on his first try- off to order some Trident Smalls!
Jun 4, 2023 18 tweets 5 min read
🧵1/18 Testing of toddler respirators. There is very little available data characterizing the real world performance of common toddler sized respiratory protection. I used my portacount machines to quickly stress test toddler sized respirators for my son and friends his age(4). Image 2/18. A 4-exercise protocol was used to attempt to first stress the fit of the respirator to see how low the bottom was for exposure reduction was, then if it stayed the same, increased, or decreased once no longer challenged. 3-4 exercises is MAX. OSHA style test impracticable. Image
May 11, 2023 7 tweets 3 min read
1/🧵On the Readimask Nose Only Hack(credit: Lisa Foreman APRN-C). Did some testing last night prior to an appointment for some dental work today. I was skeptical that it would work well but quantitative testing with Portacount showed some decent results after trying a few times. Image 2/ I first tried making the nose only mask with the small version of the Alliant Biotech N95(identical to Readimask). Fit factor highly disappointing- only 4.4 on the first try. After taping down the sides on right and left of my face and pressing down on all edges it was 42. Image
May 6, 2023 17 tweets 4 min read
Would like to thank the following for excellent information on PPE & fit testing @ToshiAkima @PPEtoheros @FitTestMyPlanet @masknerd @ghhughes @mkarolian @RealSexyCyborg Let's start with the obvious reason for why I got this mask. It is incredibly protective. To validate its protection, I performed quantitative testing using my Portacount 8038, a special fit testing adapter from Cleanspace and my mask in negative pressure mode(blower turned off).