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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Feb 23, 2024 • 9 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
Scrolly
LONG COVID
How SARS-COV-2 "SEEDS" INFECTION from BONE MARROW to the PLATELETS?
(layman terms) Image
2) Bone marrow plays a vital role in the immune system by producing various types of cells. The production of immune cells is essential for maintaining an effective immune response to protect the body and unfortunately these cells in bone marrow are infected by the SARS-COV-2 Image
3) SARS-COV-2 infects macrophages present in bone marrow using a receptor other than ACE2, Neuropilin-1
(We will come back in another thread on the different entries of SARS-COV-2 into cells which cannot be limited to ACE2)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
4) "Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity"

"The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection"
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/1…
Image
5) SARS-COV-2 infects also in bone marrow the megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytes are large cells found in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. Image
6) Infection of megakaryocytes which is associated with severe viral infection in COVID-19
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Image
7) Megakaryocyte infection which drives the formation of pathogenic afucosylated IgG antibodies
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
8) If megakaryocytes become infected, they may “seed” infection of the platelets. This could lead to degranulation or deficits in platelet energy metabolism. In addition, because platelets harbor and carry seratonin, platelet infection could contribute to hormonal dysregulation. Image
9) This is key to understand the "SARS-COV-2 persistence and impact LONG COVID megakaryocytes & platelets".

Thanks for reading 🙏
polybio.org/projects/sars-…
Image

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 7
The SARS-COV-2 SPIKE binds to a specific human receptor called ACE2, a DOORWAY for the virus to GET INSIDE.

Thanks to @siamosolocani
for the study
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…Image
2) The spike protein is the key part of coronaviruses that allows them to infect and enter human cells. Compared to other SARS-related coronaviruses found in animals, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more efficient at binding to the human ACE2 receptor. Image
3) This makes SARS-CoV-2 better able to infect and spread in humans.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike also tends to adopt an "open" shape that is more primed for binding and entering human cells. In contrast, the spikes of animal coronaviruses are often in a "closed" shape, which is better Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 6
VAST UNEXPLORED VIRAL DIVERSITY in FRESHWATER !

Amazing study which identified over 1.3 million viral genomes in the freshwater lake, highlighting the enormous untapped viral diversity in these ecosystems.
nature.com/articles/s4156…Image
2) This study highlights the critical importance of understanding viruses in freshwater ecosystems, as these environments face rapid changes due to human activities. Viruses actively shape key global processes like photosynthesis and nutrient cycling, so their roles are vital. Image
3) As climate change and human impacts transform lakes and rivers, studying viral communities becomes crucial. Only by understanding the complex interactions between viruses, microbes, and the environment can we predict and manage the cascading effects on ecosystems. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 5
Why are we experiencing a PROLONGED "POLYPANDEMIC" CRISIS?
(2nd part)

How Animal Viruses Threaten Human Health and Why We Must Protect Ourselves from Zoonotic Infections ?
nature.com/articles/s4156…Image
2) The study identifies key animal viruses that may pose zoonotic risks to humans. It emphasizes that viruses with broad human cell tropism, particularly those from non-human mammals like bats and rodents, show potential for cross-species transmission. Image
3) Over 70% of receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) tested came from these non-human sources. Additionally, emerging viruses such as Sinu virus and Wellfleet Bay virus can enter human cells, indicating the need for monitoring. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 4
Main CONCERN for the FUTURE : CO-INFECTION of VIRUSES, BACTERIA and FUNGI 💣
(mega-thread🧵 of the last 10 studies posted for 6 months) Image
2)
3)
Read 11 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 3
SARS-COV-2, the "STEALTH VIRUS"

An interesting and simple 😂😂😂 study sent by my friend David Joffe :
"Regulation of N-degron recognin-mediated autophagy by the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro ubiquitin deconjugase"

(Summary in layman's terms in this post 😂) tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…Image
2) The SARS-CoV-2 virus has an ENZYME called PLpro that can remove 'tags' (called ubiquitin) from host proteins, preventing them from being broken down. The study found that PLpro INTERACTS with enzymes that MARK certain PROTEINS for DESTRUCTION. Image
3) By keeping these tagged proteins from being broken down, PLpro can change how the cell recycles and gets rid of proteins. This affects a process called AUTOPHAGY, which the virus uses to modify the cell's internal structures and HIDE from the IMMUNE SYSTEM. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 1
BREAKING NEWS 2025 💣💯

SARS-CoV-2 variants are not simply competing with each other, but are in fact WORKING TOGETHER in a COOPERATIVE MANNER !!! 🤔
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10…Image
2) This study looked at how different versions of the COVID-19 virus, called variants, have evolved over time. The researchers found that these variants are not just competing with each other, but are actually working together. Image
3) As new variants emerge, they take in and use the genetic changes (mutations) from previous variants, rather than completely replacing them. This suggests the variants are building on each other's changes, not just trying to beat each other. Image
Read 8 tweets

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