Many of the best philosophical works are clear and concise, packing tons of wisdom into a short space. Anybody can read them.
6 Easy Philosophy Books to start your journey of enlightenment 🧵
1. The Apology, Plato
The Apology details Socrates’ trial shortly before his execution. It’s a prime example of the Socratic dialogue and, because Socrates left no writings, it's essential to understanding the life and teachings of the “Father of Philosophy.”
2. Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle
Plato's student, Aristotle, explores how best to live a good life. He explains that “the good'' is ultimately the goal to which all man’s actions aim. His work is foundational to western ethics and influenced figures from Alexander to Aquinas.
3. Letters from a Stoic, Seneca
The quintessential Stoic philosopher, Seneca was a tutor and advisor to emperor Nero. His work is basically a diary containing philosophical contemplations on the contempt of death, the value of friendship, and virtue as the supreme good.
4. Meditations, Marcus Aurelius
Never intended for the public, Meditations is a collection of personal insights that Marcus Aurelius recorded while on military campaign. The work is a unique opportunity to peer into the mind of the leader of the greatest empire in history.
5. Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius
Written while he awaited execution, the work is a dialogue between Boethius and Lady Philosophy who consoles the author by discussing the fleeting nature of worldly goods. It influenced the medieval mind more than any other secular work
6. The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli
Machiavelli’s classic is a 16th century handbook on effective governance. It’s an essential read for anyone who wishes to understand the motivations and reasoning behind great leaders from the past or savvy politicians today.
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But masterpieces like the works of Raphael and Michelangelo were funded by individual egos.
Here’s why it matters…🧵
A major factor in the proliferation of art during periods like the Renaissance was a concept called patronage, where princes, popes, and other influential people provided funds for painters, sculptors, and musicians.
Patronage was how artists made their living—they didn’t receive a steady income unless they were actively creating art.
Patrons would put up the funds for a project—often Church artwork or private commissions for nobility—and the artist would see that project through.
Young Napoleon was bullied by his aristocratic peers.
He was aloof, spoke French with a funny accent, and of low nobility.
But he sought refuge in books — igniting a lifelong obsession. Reading became a “matter of power” for him.
Here’s how books guided his every move…🧵
Author Louis Sarkozy’s work “Napoleon's Library” paints a vivid picture of the emperor as an avid reader, enjoying history, philosophy, religion, and fiction.
His official portraits even reflect his love of reading — he’s often depicted in front of books and libraries.
According to Sarkozy, books were crucial to his early formation and later military acumen:
…they molded his adolescent mind and influenced his statesmanship. They made him the general he would become and accompanied him to his grave.”
Dueling in the West can be traced to pre-Christian practices like the Norse “holmgang”.
A Viking-era duel, the holmgang was a legal way to settle disputes. Whether it was for honor, a legal dispute, or revenge, it was fought regardless of the parties’ social status.
Theoretically, any offended party could challenge the other party to a holmgang, whereafter the duel would be fought a few days later. Sometimes the duel would take place on a small island, or “holm”, where the practice gets its name.
The Ancient Greeks basically invented Western philosophy. 2500 years on and we’re still studying their ideas.
Here are 10 Greek philosophers you need to know🧵
1. Thales, 7th cent. BC
Thales was part of a new generation of thinkers trying to uncover how the cosmos were constructed without relying on the gods as an explanation. An early Monist, he considered a single element to be the main building block of the cosmos.
2. Anaximander, 610 BC
A student of Thales, Anaximander saw the cosmos as ruled by laws, similar to human societies. Any action that disturbed the divine law would fail. He also explored astronomy, tracking the movements of the heavenly bodies, and developed a map of the cosmos.
Kenneth Clark lamented that civilization was a fragile thing.
He observed three “enemies” that could topple even the mightiest cultures — what are they?🧵
The first enemy is fear:
“fear of war, fear of invasion, fear of plague and famine, that make it simply not worthwhile constructing things, or planting trees or even planning next year’s crops. And fear of the supernatural, which means that you daren’t question anything.”
Fear paralyzes a people and stifles adventure, invention, and grand building projects.
The great men of history read intensively — it's how they gained an edge over their rivals.
We can do the same, today.
So here are the classics that influenced the greats, from ancient warriors to modern emperors🧵
Alexander
According to Plutarch, Alexander was given an annotated copy of the Iliad which he carried with him everywhere.
He considered it a “perfect portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge” and was especially fascinated by the character Achilles.
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius was extremely well-read. His tutor Fronto described how the emperor read works of Cato the Elder, Cicero, Lucretius, and Seneca in addition to numerous Greek tragedies.