This is the SEED school, a 100% Black public boarding school in DC.
These disadvantaged students here enjoy a rigorous study schedule and a spending per student of 63000$ per year, comparable to some of the best schools in the country.
So, how and what do they do? Thread🧵
First SEED takes its unique place as being the first school of its kind, SEED was chartered almost 30 years ago and has been serving mostly Black kids in Washington DC.
They enroll mostly disadvantaged students, only 23 percent of applicants live in a two-parent household and 62 percent live with their mother. 75 percent of students qualify for free lunch.
Here's a map with the school's applicants and the poverty rate of their neighborhood.
Students here report more motivation and interest in their studies than their peers at other local schools; compared to their peers, SEED students report:
-Doing 4 more hours of homework a week
-Receiving more tutoring from adults
-Participating in student leadership activities
-More academic motivation
The students are kept on a quite intensive study schedule
Here's a 6th grader's schedule:
And here's the High School Curriculum:
Because there are a limited number of seats the school holds a lottery. It is random so we can fairly compare the students who won and were given the opportunity for the school and those who did not.
This gives us insight into the school's effect on all manner of outcomes.
First, test scores:
Here is the effect for two cohorts over four years
And here is the effect for a few other cohorts:
As you can see there are few significant differences between the groups.
Given that, the school sadly has performance comparable to that of the surrounding public schools.
The PARCC is an assessment given to DC students, it is scored on a scale from 1-5 where a 4 is meeting expectations.
Overall, for the SEED high school, the percentage of students who achieved a 4 or higher for the years available was:
ELA: 2.4%-12%
Math: 4%- 7%
For the NWEA MAP assessment, the average student performance ranges around the 30th percentile, sometimes higher.
This is not good for a school.
For the AP tests that the students take I was only able to find evidence that one student from one year has received a passing score.
That student received a 3 (out of 5) and was the only one to do so out of the 26 test takers that year. (3.8%)
Here is the enrollment data over time:
It seems that many of the students that attend de-enroll
Also in terms of lottery comparison, the school saw little change in risky behavior. In fact, the only significant difference was where the SEED group performed worse: general risky behavior.
In fact, there was no significant difference in pregnancy/ fathering a child at 26.7%
Overall SEED lottery winners are no more likely to attend college or graduate high school.
There isn't much in the way of measured positive long-term effects.
And in general, the presence of charter schools has a small effect on other schools in the area.
This is the most detailed study on personality and intelligence ever done:
First, the Big Five: Neuroticism is robustly associated with lower intelligence, particularly processing speed and quantitative ability.
Next Extraversion and Openness:
Extraversion itself has no correlation to intelligence (r= -0.02); however, activity and and enthusiauaim do—smarter people are more lively!
Openness has the strongest association of the five, its easy to see as 'ideas' correlates at r=0.4.
For Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, there are no broad associations; there are as many agreeable, intelligent people as there are disagreeable ones.
Though compassion and industriousness do have positive associations with intelligence!
Pit bulls are bred to be violent; this has inevitable costs on society.
What you might not expect is that activists and owners are working hard to socialize these costs.
A thread on a microcosm of fairness, "justice", and discrimination. 🧵
Pit bulls are not like other dogs: they are bred to fight.
In the pit, dogs are expected to clash round after round. The first round begins with the dogs both released at once, they must race and attack the other—the round ends when the dog who is overpowered "Turns" away.
You would be forgiven to think that this is like boxing, where, after a number of rounds, a winner is decided, emphasizing strength and skill. This is NOT how dog fights are decided: the winner is selected by attrition or death.
Above is the average genetic score of high school students, but I'll get to that later.
Below are the results of a meta-analysis on education. Here, education, using different methods, points to a 1-3 IQ point increase per additional year!
So there is certainly an effect! But let's put that into context: a 3 IQ point increase equals a Cohen's d of 0.2, or 1% of the variance.
1% isn't nothing, but look at what the rest shows us: the smartest students are considerably better, 3 IQ points is small in comparison.
McNamara’s Folly and The Denial of Individual Differences 🧵
The utmost importance of Intelligence in war, and the grim reality of what happened when the Military drafted over 300,000 low IQ men.
Robert McNamara, the eighth Secretary of Defense, was a genius.
At different points in his life was an Eagle Scout, the youngest and most highly paid assistant professor at Harvard Business School, and a president at Ford Motor Company.
He had mastered quantitative analysis by running the B-29 Bomber schedules and statistics in WWII and then later at Ford. In the 1960s, as Sec. of Defense he attempted to apply a similar process to the military.
Taleb / Carr have an erroneous 'insight' over the nonlinearity of IQ along with a conceptual misunderstanding.
On linear and non-linear IQ relationships 🧵
Here's the interaction, the premise is that :
a) There exists some (unspecified) degree of nonlinearity
b) This is somehow a 'devasting' critique of IQ
Note that the above is a simulation. This can motivate a point but you need to back it up with data, as we'll see this only happens in certain situations.
Critically, the point that IQ isn't efficacious at the high end fails here.