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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Mar 13, 2024 • 7 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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Let's use DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES (DIPs) to REDUCE the REPLICATION of SARS-CoV-2 👍

DIPs are virus-like particles that arise during virus growth, fail to grow in the absence of virus, and replicate at the expense of virus during co- infections. Image
2) DIPs have been studied as potential antiviral agents against a variety of RNA viruses, including influenza, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have shown promise in both in vitro and animal models, demonstrating their ability to reduce viral replication ... Image
3) ... and improve disease outcomes.
Here is for example a study about their use against the dengue virus

"Dengue virus-free defective interfering particles have potent and broad anti-dengue virus activity" nature.com/articles/s4200…
Image
4) In 2021, researchers have reported their attempt to engineer TIPs that can conditionally replicate with SARS-CoV-2, inhibit viral replication 10–100 fold.
To this end, the TIPs inhibit the virus through competition for viral replication machinery. Image
5) In their work, a single dose administration of TIP ribonucleic acid (RNA) was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in continuous cultures.

"Identification of a therapeutic interfering particle—A single-dose SARS-CoV-2 antiviral intervention ... "
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Image
6) In a very interesting study just published, they explored "the therapeutic potential of defective interfering particles in reducing the replication of SARS-CoV-2"
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
6) I find this idea of ​​"parasitizing" the replication of SARS-COV-2 quite fascinating.

Let's DIG into DIPs and TIPs 🤗
maybe a therapy of the future.

Other REFERENCES :
"Evolution of naturally arising SARS-CoV-2 defective interfering particles"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 26
NIPAH VIRUS
Jumping to conclusions during outbreaks only fuels panic and misunderstanding; NOT EVERY VIRUS OUTBREAK is a PANDEMIC.

We raised the alarm about Nipah in 2023, but it’s essential not to confuse an epidemic related to this virus, ... Image
2) ...like the one in India, with a pandemic risk or a situation like COVID-19.
Nipah virus is transmitted primarily from animals, especially bats, to humans. It spreads through direct contact with infected animals, their secretions, or contaminated foods.
3) Human-to-human transmission occurs only through close contact, such as touching or caring for an infected person, as well as sharing fluids like saliva or blood.
We cannot equate a virus transmitted through fluids with a respiratory virus like SARS-CoV-2. Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 28, 2025
"70% to 90% of our CELLS are completely RENEWED in less than 5 YEARS!
So If we’re mostly "New", why are so many still struggling with SARS-CoV-2?

We will tackle this question, which is more complex than it seems, in several posts. Image
2) First, let's say a few words about cell renewal.
70% to 90% of our cells are renewed over time. This turnover occurs in various cell types, including skin, blood, and immune cells, allowing the body to replace damaged or aged cells.
sciencefocus.com/the-human-body…Image
3) For instance, red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days, while skin cells regenerate every few weeks.
Even with significant cell renewal, aging persists due to changes in our DNA.
sciencefocus.com/the-human-body…Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 26, 2025
UNRAVELING CO-INFECTION:
How SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses Interact ?
(In layman's terms)

Two groundbreaking studies exploring the complex dynamics of viral co-infection!
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
Image
2) Co-infection occurs when a person is infected by more than one virus at the same time. This can lead to interesting and sometimes complex interactions between the viruses Image
3) In one study about SARS-CoV-2, researchers found that when different versions of this virus infect the same person, they can mix their genetic material through a process called recombination. This means that the new version of the virus can have traits from both parent viruses Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 24, 2025
ENVELOPE PROTEIN and LONG COVID

For more than three years, we have been emphasizing that the envelope protein is an essential component and that we cannot limit our focus to just the spike protein. We are now uncovering its role in long COVID. Image
2) Here are some insights on the E protein and its role in long COVID, as discussed in this recent study.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12…Image
3) The Envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role for several reasons:

▶️ Virus Assembly and Release: The E protein is essential for the virus's assembly and budding from infected cells, contributing to its stability and infectivity.
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 21, 2025
"N''oubliez jamais" (Never forget - Joe Cocker)🧵

In 2022, COVID-19 was the second leading cause of death globally, with the repercussions of the virus far from over. The lasting impact of the pandemic continues to affect lives around the world.
2)
3)
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 20, 2025
LONG COVID : Sticky Microclots in the blood !

Recent research may have identified a key factor contributing to long COVID: microscopic clots intertwined with immune system debris in the blood. These unusual structures were found to be nearly 20 times more prevalent ... Image
2) ...in long COVID patients compared to healthy individuals. The clots, associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), suggest a potential biological marker for persistent symptoms. Image
3) These microclots could impede blood flow in small vessels, leading to issues like brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Image
Read 4 tweets

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