This quote perfectly encapsulates Putin's arguments for war on Ukraine. Show it to any Russia sympathizer, in academia or beyond, and they will say it's a great explanation of why Russia is right – or not entirely wrong – invading Ukraine.
There's a small problem, however: 👇
This quote has nothing to do with either Ukraine or Russia. We've been there, haven't we?
The quote is from Hitler's famous Wilhelmshaven speech, where he reassured that Germany "does not dream of attacking other nations," but will never "tolerate intimidation, or even a policy of encirclement."
Germany, he said, "desires to live in peace and friendship with every other state. It will, however, never again permit itself to be forced to its knees by any other state."
The problem was that Western Europe exploited Germany' weakness in the roaring 1920s: "When the allies at one time changed the map of Europe with no consideration for expediency, justice, tradition or even common sense, we did not have the power to prevent them from doing so."
Indeed: "When I came into power, Germany was torn and impotent at home, and abroad a toy of foreign will. Today we have order at home and our economy is flourishing. Abroad we are perhaps not popular, but we are respected. That is the decisive factor."
"Germans have been the victims of the greatest breach of promise of all time. Let us see to it that our people at home may never again become easy to break up, then no one will ever be able to threaten us. Then peace will be maintained or, if necessary, it will be enforced."
A 1886 city map of Bukhara, the capital of a Tsarist protectorate in Central Asia. The map was part of a secret Russian report to the General Staff that recommended capturing the city, razing its center to the ground, and abolishing the semblance of the colony's independence.🧵
The importance of Bukhara was immense, the author argued. It was the last remnant of Central Asia's bygone greatness. Worse still, it was a "hearth of Islam." The "flame," he argued, "can only be extinguished and covered in blood; the hearth itself, (...) must be scattered ... 2/
... piece by piece and destroyed so that it cannot be restored, and its priests must be eliminated in front of the Russian soldier, before the eyes of the entire people, so that they lose in their eyes their charm and greatness as much as possible." 3/
I'm writing a book on Ukraine under Russian rule, and here's what I have to say. This situation is radically different from Ukraine's Soviet or tsarist experience. This is Russia's fascist moment of the interwar type, although postponed for a century. 🧵
It originates in the discourses about national rejuvenation and degeneration, frustration over the post-imperial arrangement and the liberal order, dissatisfaction with the national borders ... 2/
… drawn in 1919. Its major challenge is an "enemy" group whose very existence is believed to be a result of a global conspiracy intended to destroy the national body – the Ukrainians. Recasting them into the inferior kind of Russians and eliminating ... 3/
In anticipation of a quick victory, Russia’s flagship news show “Vesti nedeli” gives the domestic audience two reasons of why Russia invaded Ukraine: to reshape the world and to eliminate the artificial Ukrainian nation. 1/
The Kremlin's chief propagandist Dmitry Kiselev says that Russia's primary goal is the imposition of a new world order (“novaia konstruktsiia mira”). The message “Bor'ba za mir” is intentionally ambivalent. It means both “a struggle for peace” and “a struggle for the world.” 2/
The second goal is, naturally, to abolish Ukraine as such. The existence of Ukraine creates an artificial division *within* the Russian nation based on political grounds, like in East and West Germany or in North and South Korea. 3/
Let's talk about "peace." Russia invaded Ukraine in the name of "peace." In the early phase of the war, "For peace" was its main slogan.
Few seem to remember that the *previous guy* who sent tanks to redraw the borders of Eastern Europe used exactly the same rhetoric.🧵
One may recall that while the preparations for the invasion of Poland were underway, the Nazis were busy planning a "Rally for Peace" in Nuremberg. "For Germany," as Hitler said in his famous Wilhelmshaven speech in April 1939, "does not dream of attacking other nations." 2/
"We do not dream of waging war on other nations, subject, of course, to their leaving us in peace also. The German Reich is, however, in no case prepared permanently to tolerate intimidation, or even a policy of encirclement."
Familiar, isn't it? What else did he say? 3/
Russia's Federal Archival Agency has published a collection of documents "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" to substantiate Putin's wild allegations made in his 2021 article of the same name.
A 🧵you don't want to read:
This is an extraordinary book, even by Russia's academic standards. Naturally, it opens with Putin's article, which many believe – and rightfully so – to have served as a rationale for the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 2/
As if it's not enough, the article is followed by the transcript of Putin's infamous "Address concerning the events in Ukraine" that he gave on February 21, 2022. 3/
Dmitry Medvedev has authored a "scholarly" article on the history of Poland's relations with Russia, calling it an "enemy" and threatening it with war.
It's a long (and boring) read, and we have every reason to suspect he isn't the real author. Who wrote it? I know the answer.🧵
Let's look at the footnotes. Medvedev claims to have consulted an issue of the Pravda newspaper from November 25, 1989. He quotes the Polish Prime-minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki here: 2/
A quick search on Google shows that the same quote from the same source was used in another article published in 2020. 3/