Oleksandr Polianichev Profile picture
Historian of Tsarist Russia at @sodertorn • PhD from @EUI_History • Colonial and global history • Researching Ukraine's experience of empire
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Sep 25 25 tweets 6 min read
A massive blast wave from a Ukrainian drone strike on an arms depot near Toropets in central Russia shook the grave of one of the most notorious figures in Russian imperial history. Who was he? This 🧵will take you through some of the darkest chapters of Russia's colonial past. Image On September 18, the “Ukraine war” made a sudden visit to every household in Toropets, shattering windows and knocking down doors. Standing silently before the towering mushroom cloud was a bronze monument to General Aleksei Kuropatkin, the region's most famous native. 2/ Image
Sep 9 12 tweets 3 min read
Among the reasons Crimea holds a special place in the Russian imagination is its prominence as the theater of military action during 1854–56. However, the Crimean War was also Russia's first major encounter with the peninsula, 70 years after its annexation.🧵 Image As the war erupted, a massive flow of tsarist troops surged into Crimea from the Russian provinces, while in return, letters, newspaper articles, and travel notes flowed back from the Crimean shores to the metropole. It seemed that everyone who could write was eager to share their impressions of the unfamiliar land they were encountering for the first time. 2/
Sep 3 16 tweets 6 min read
Showcasing migrants in an exhibition to emphasize the allegedly negative aspects of their impact on the urban life of a metropolis is not something we expect to see today. Yet, this is precisely what a current exhibition in Moscow is doing. Why?🧵 Image The man in the photo above is taking a selfie in front of a kebab shop. This entire scene is part of an exhibit, and the man is the chairman of the Moscow City Duma, visiting one of the largest and most ambitious exhibitions held in Russia's capital in recent years. The exhibition, titled "Moscow 2030," depicts the city as a techno-utopia come true, seemingly untouched by the realities of war. 2/Image
Aug 29 5 tweets 1 min read
In 1858, as China was losing the Second Opium War, the Russian Empire forced it to conclude an unequal treaty, seizing over 600,000 km² of Outer Manchuria under the threat of invasion. This colonial land grab was justified using the language of security concerns: 🧵 Image As the architect of the treaty, Count Nikolai Muraviev, stated: "Do not believe, gentlemen, that Russia is greedy for the expansion of her frontiers... All Russia cares for is the security of her boundaries."
Russia assured this would be its last and only advance into China. 2/
Jul 16 4 tweets 2 min read
"There is no room for goodness. Just kill! Don't pity them, don't! (...) Only total executions. (...) No humanity. No pardon. They have no right to live. Execute, execute, and execute."

Deputy Chairman of Russia's Security Council Dmitry Medvedev on what to do with Ukrainians. Image Calling for mass executions of "Ukrainian monsters," Medvedev ends his appeal with the final lines of the famous 1942 verse by Konstantin Simonov "Kill him!":

So kill at least one of them
And as soon as you can. Still
Each one you chance to see!
Kill him! Kill him! Kill!
Jun 25 13 tweets 3 min read
Russian KA-52 pilot and milblogger Aleksei Voevoda admits that a woman – a gas station operator – was kidnapped and tortured by Russian troops in a basement in Zaporizhzhia Oblast because of him simply for saying, "Good evening. Tap your card" in Ukrainian. A few thoughts: 🧵 We may safely assume that this was not a one-off episode and that punishment for speaking Ukrainian is a systematic practice in the occupied parts of Ukraine's south. Voevoda himself claims that it helped to "cleanse [Mariupol and Berdiansk] from khokhol shit." 2/
Apr 4 14 tweets 5 min read
Several Africans were injured in a Ukrainian drone attack on Tatarstan. Russia is now exploiting the attack to spark anti-Ukrainian feelings. If anything, however, this incident can elucidate a gendered and racialized reality behind Russia's charm offensive in Africa. 🧵 Image "I'm from Kenya. I'm a person of color (...) Those who attacked our hostel today are real barbarians," the person on the video says. They are one of the participants of the "Alabuga Start" program, launched in Russia after the invasion of Ukraine. 2/
Mar 26 8 tweets 2 min read
This quote perfectly encapsulates Putin's arguments for war on Ukraine. Show it to any Russia sympathizer, in academia or beyond, and they will say it's a great explanation of why Russia is right – or not entirely wrong – invading Ukraine.
There's a small problem, however: 👇 Image This quote has nothing to do with either Ukraine or Russia. We've been there, haven't we? Image
Mar 8 7 tweets 2 min read
A 1886 city map of Bukhara, the capital of a Tsarist protectorate in Central Asia. The map was part of a secret Russian report to the General Staff that recommended capturing the city, razing its center to the ground, and abolishing the semblance of the colony's independence.🧵 Image The importance of Bukhara was immense, the author argued. It was the last remnant of Central Asia's bygone greatness. Worse still, it was a "hearth of Islam." The "flame," he argued, "can only be extinguished and covered in blood; the hearth itself, (...) must be scattered ... 2/
Mar 4 7 tweets 2 min read
I'm writing a book on Ukraine under Russian rule, and here's what I have to say. This situation is radically different from Ukraine's Soviet or tsarist experience. This is Russia's fascist moment of the interwar type, although postponed for a century. 🧵 It originates in the discourses about national rejuvenation and degeneration, frustration over the post-imperial arrangement and the liberal order, dissatisfaction with the national borders ... 2/
Dec 18, 2023 5 tweets 2 min read
In anticipation of a quick victory, Russia’s flagship news show “Vesti nedeli” gives the domestic audience two reasons of why Russia invaded Ukraine: to reshape the world and to eliminate the artificial Ukrainian nation. 1/ Image The Kremlin's chief propagandist Dmitry Kiselev says that Russia's primary goal is the imposition of a new world order (“novaia konstruktsiia mira”). The message “Bor'ba za mir” is intentionally ambivalent. It means both “a struggle for peace” and “a struggle for the world.” 2/ Image
Nov 24, 2023 11 tweets 3 min read
Let's talk about "peace." Russia invaded Ukraine in the name of "peace." In the early phase of the war, "For peace" was its main slogan.
Few seem to remember that the *previous guy* who sent tanks to redraw the borders of Eastern Europe used exactly the same rhetoric.🧵 Image One may recall that while the preparations for the invasion of Poland were underway, the Nazis were busy planning a "Rally for Peace" in Nuremberg. "For Germany," as Hitler said in his famous Wilhelmshaven speech in April 1939, "does not dream of attacking other nations." 2/ Image
Nov 8, 2023 10 tweets 3 min read
Russia's Federal Archival Agency has published a collection of documents "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" to substantiate Putin's wild allegations made in his 2021 article of the same name.
A 🧵you don't want to read: Image This is an extraordinary book, even by Russia's academic standards. Naturally, it opens with Putin's article, which many believe – and rightfully so – to have served as a rationale for the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 2/ Image
Nov 7, 2023 14 tweets 5 min read
Dmitry Medvedev has authored a "scholarly" article on the history of Poland's relations with Russia, calling it an "enemy" and threatening it with war.
It's a long (and boring) read, and we have every reason to suspect he isn't the real author. Who wrote it? I know the answer.🧵 Image Let's look at the footnotes. Medvedev claims to have consulted an issue of the Pravda newspaper from November 25, 1989. He quotes the Polish Prime-minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki here: 2/
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Oct 30, 2023 8 tweets 2 min read
“Global support for the war is shrinking,” @TIME says. Indeed, now that “Ukraine fatigue” is everywhere, Russia feels emboldened to carry on with solving the Ukrainian question for good. But what happens if a peace treaty is signed? An op-ed in RIA Novosti explains it all. 🧵 Image Last June, the RIA Novosti author Viktoriia Nikiforova published an important text, which nearly everyone missed. In it, she argued that peace was in Russia's best interests. The reason? Empire building takes time. 2/
Oct 6, 2023 14 tweets 5 min read
Russia unleashed horror upon the Kharkiv region. Yesterday, it fired an Iskander missile at the village of Hroza, murdering half the villagers (52 people) in a blink of an eye. Today, it launched two missiles at downtown Kharkiv. There's one thing everyone should be aware of: 🧵 Image Kharkiv was the 5th region of Ukraine that Russia planned to annex one year ago through a sham referendum. It never happened: during the swift Ukrainian counter-offensive last September, almost the entire region was liberated in a matter of days. 2/
Aug 30, 2023 11 tweets 4 min read
Since March 2022, German academic relationships with Russian institutions have been suspended. Now the boycott begins to crack. A public German university renews collaboration with a state university in Russia, notorious for its support for the invasion. Read on.🧵 Image Media outlets in Russia's Karelia are spreading the news that run counter to everything the EU has said and done in response to the Russian invasion. Offenburg University in Germany has offered Petrozavodsk State University to restore their official partnership. 2/ Image
Aug 16, 2023 11 tweets 3 min read
One of the most resonant initiatives announced on the hills of the recent Russia-Africa Summit was the the construction of 30 settlements for African settlers across Russia. A closer look at the project, however, reveals its fundamental preoccupation with race and whiteness.🧵 Image Earlier in August, the village of Porech'e in the Tver province saw an unusual ceremony. Local authorities and some high-ranking African diplomats laid the cornerstone of what is meant to become "Afrovillage" – the first exclusively African settlement in Russia. 2/
Aug 11, 2023 7 tweets 2 min read
The Russian army has never showed up anywhere near the Ukrainian city of Zaporizhzhia, but this didn't stop Russian officials from creating a database of its buildings to proclaim them the property of Russia. Let's take a look at Russia's "paper annexation" of Zaporizhzhia. 👇 Image Russia's Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography, "Rosreestr," has included Zaporizhzhia in its real estate database. This means that the entire city, with all its streets and buildings, is listed there as belonging to Russia. Take this example: 2/
Aug 10, 2023 5 tweets 1 min read
One surprising thing about this metaphor is its longevity. In 1861, in a confidential letter to War Minister Dmitry Miliutin, which I was lucky to find in Moscow, one senior official compared Ukrainian speakers with "an ulcer on the body of the Russian Land." What was the cure?👇 His plan was to mix them with Russian speakers and to weaken the Ukrainian gentry as much as possible. The Ukrainian elites were seen as the source of all evil. Because of them, he wrote, the "spirit of hatred towards the Muscovites" reigned among ordinary people. 2/
Aug 10, 2023 6 tweets 2 min read
In Zaporizhzhia, a large urban center in Ukraine the size of Oslo, hundreds of thousands of people are living their daily lives without knowing that Russian school maps portray their hometown as an ordinary city in Russia, not unlike Kursk or Tula. Here's what these maps show: 1/ Image The Russian army has never been anywhere close to Zaporizhzhia. And yet, the Russian teaching portal YaKlass, widely used in school curricula, has updated its maps to include both Zaporizhzhia and Kherson. 2/