🚨NEW Report presents findings from a review of Long Covid to guide New Zealand’s Public Health response.

Report concludes that “preventative action is urgently needed”.

Let’s dive into the details as the findings are relevant for ALL countries.

🔗

/1 phcc.org.nz/briefing/long-…
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Below are some of the key findings of the report:

▪️Changes in health status following SARS-CoV-2 infection are common and can occur at any age.

▪️Symptoms are frequently experienced for months or years and can increase over time.

/2 • Several recent and well-designed cohort studies have reported central estimates ranging from 4 – 14% for ongoing symptoms per infection. • Long Covid includes a full spectrum of severity from hidden effects through mild and transient symptoms to life-changing and life-limiting conditions such as heart attacks and strokes, diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and neurological disorders. Commonly experienced symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive dysfunction have a high impact on quality of life. • Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and Long Covid are under-counted ...
▪️Future health impacts can be expected in addition to the effects that are already observed.

▪️ Some people who are currently well post-Covid are already expressing biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases & cancers.

/3 Future health impacts can be expected in addition to the effects that are already known and observed.  • Some people who are currently well post-Covid are already expressing biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, a range of autoimmune diseases, and cancers: conditions that typically have latency periods lasting years or decades. • Early-life exposure to infections can have lasting impacts on developing tissues and organ systems. Already, several adverse effects of perinatal Covid-19 exposure have been described. • Pre-pandemic evidence shows the adverse ...
▪️Society, sector & workforce effects of Long Covid are costly and disruptive, and they worsen existing inequities.

▪️ The frequency of (often undiagnosed) cognitive impairment after a mild infection indicates a need for risk assessment of impacts on occupational safety.

/4 Society, sector, and workforce effects of Long Covid are costly and disruptive, and they worsen existing inequities.  • Long Covid is associated with increased healthcare use, productivity loss, and workforce impacts, with implications for NZ workforces that experience high incidence of Covid-19 such as educators, healthcare workers, and prison workers. • The frequency of (often undiagnosed) cognitive impairment after a mild infection indicates a need for risk assessment of impacts on occupational safety and performance. Occupations of particular concern because of safety implications inclu...
▪️Because of rapid viral evolution, Covid-19 waves are not showing a consistent pattern of improvement over time.

▪️Without intervention to reduce cases, the prevalence of Long Covid is more likely to increase than to decrease.

/5 • Ongoing exposure to new, highly transmissible variants – in combination with the high incidence of Long Covid per infection and the long duration of symptoms – drives up the population prevalence. • Evolutionary biologists note that future variant scenarios include the possibility of both higher and lower disease severity with unpredictable impacts on Long Covid risk. • Lack of seasonality increases risk exposure and reduces recovery time between infections. • A high proportion of the NZ population has had Covid-19 at least once, and exposure to reinfection is continuing. Each infection i...
▪️When an infectious disease is common in the population, its long-term effects become common too.

▪️At a population level, modest-looking proportions of a post-infectious health risk readily translate into very large numbers.

/6 Image
The report concludes that:

“Our evidence summary strongly suggests that Long Covid is a major threat to individual health, societal wellbeing and economic performance.”

/7 Image
The Appendix of the report expands further on this important point:

“Choosing to ignore potential harms is indefensible when the risk can be reduced using a combination of new knowledge and well-established public-health approaches.”

/8 The size and complexity of the evidence that has accumulated after only four years of exposure to this new disease can be confronting. It appears to have had a paralysing effect on decision-makers in NZ and globally. As one global Long Covid expert observed in a landmark review: “The oncoming burden of Long Covid faced by patients, health-care providers, governments and economies is so large as to be unfathomable, which is possibly why minimal high-level planning is currently allocated to it”.17  Choosing to ignore potential harms is indefensible when the risk to New Zealanders can be reduc...
The authors recommend 3 immediate actions:

▪️Conducting a comprehensive Long Covid risk assessment.

▪️Rapidly reduce infection & reinfection rates using well-established public health & social measures.

▪️Expand Covid-19 vaccine eligibility and coverage.

/9 Image
Appendix 2 provides further details of the proposed components for Covid mitigation, including:

▪️Support for self-isolation of infected cases

▪️Improve indoor air quality

▪️Maintain mask use in high-risk indoor environments eg health care

▪️High & equitable vax coverage

/10 Image
Below is a press article about this report, highlighting the fact that, in terms of occupational risk, teachers are the most vulnerable to getting Covid - and, in turn, most at risk of getting Long Covid.

🔗

/11 rnz.co.nz/news/national/…
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Below is another press article which includes comments from NZ Education Institute president Mark Potter.

Potter revealed that his union had heard from a lot of teachers who were struggling to continue in the profession due to Long Covid.

🔗

/12 rnz.co.nz/news/national/…
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The chart of Covid case rates by occupational group can be found in the chart below, showing that teachers are at significantly higher risk of Covid infection than any other occupation.

(Source: )

/13 fyi.org.nz/request/20877/…

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One of the authors, @AmandaKvalsvig, tweeted earlier that schools MUST be made safe since they’re the hubs of their communities, linking public settings & households.

The only effective way to reduce Long Covid is to reduce Covid cases.

Schools are a great place to start.

/14
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In a previous paper (March 2023) also co-authored by @AmandaKvalsvig, she helped outline 7 goals for healthy schools.

As stated in the report, “these actions are highly feasible if the government steps up with a commitment to resource healthy schools.”

/15
This report is a truly outstanding piece of work and could form the blueprint for ANY government willing to confront the enormous health & economic challenges presented by repeated Covid infections and the resulting impact of Long Covid.

🔗

/16 phcc.org.nz/briefing/long-…
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Meanwhile, in the UK 🇬🇧, a paper was recently published by @CambridgeEcon on the economic burden of Long Covid.

The report estimates that, if the UK prevalence of Long Covid increases to 4m people by 2030, there will be a £2.7 BILLION loss in GDP & 311k job losses PER YEAR.

17/
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In the US 🇺🇸 , detailed evidence on the impact of Long Covid was presented a recent Senate Committee Hearing.

The opening speech below from @BernieSanders provided a compelling summary of the latest research.

More info at this link ⬇️

🔗

/18 sanders.senate.gov/op-eds/us-is-t…
And, in Canada 🇨🇦, a recent report from @StatCan_eng revealed that 1 in 9 Canadian adults have experienced the debilitating symptoms of Long Covid.

Of these, 7 in 10 Canadian adults with long term symptoms experience them on a daily or nearly daily basis.

/19
Covid & its longer term impact on our nation’s health is not going away.

‘Living with Covid’ shouldn’t mean just ignoring it.

It should mean making environments as safe as possible so we can all live our lives with less risk… less illness… less absence from school/work.

20/ Image

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More from @_CatintheHat

Oct 17
LONDON MAYOR INVESTS £2.7M IN AIR QUALITY FILTERS FOR SCHOOLS

I’m SO excited about this! I hope there’s lots of press coverage about it over the coming weeks.

It’s not just an issue in London though.

ALL children have the right to breathe clean air.

london.gov.uk/mayor-invests-… x.com/_catinthehat/s…Image
Here are some more details about the project:

▪️At least 200 schools across London will receive HEPA air filters

▪️Filters used for this initiative will be Blast & Blast Mini devices from @SmartairUk

▪️Participating schools will receive one filter per classroom where possible
@SmartairUk I’m particularly pleased to see that the @MayorofLondon has chosen SmartAir air filters for this initiative.

I’ve done a lot of research on air filters & the Blast & BlastMini are two of the very best air filters for schools.

High CADR & low noise make them the perfect choice! x.com/_catinthehat/s…Image
Read 21 tweets
Oct 13
Why do schools need to tackle poor VENTILATION in classrooms?

Because nationwide monitoring of UK classrooms shows that ventilation drops to appallingly low levels when outdoor temperatures drop & windows are closed.

Poor ventilation means airborne viruses spread like wildfire. Image
And when those airborne viruses spread like wildfire, guess what happens to pupil & teacher absence rates?

Unsurprisingly, they sky rocket! 🚀

Here’s what happened to absence rates in the 2023/24 & 2024/25 autumn terms (vs the pre-pandemic average shown by the dotted line) ⬇️ Image
Now look what’s happening to illness in 15-24 year olds right now… 👀

Covid rates have been steadily rising and are now at the highest point in over a year for this age-group.

Meanwhile, flu has seen a dramatic rise about a month earlier than usual.

(Chart from @1goodtern) Image
Read 6 tweets
Oct 13
The DfE have published guidance on reducing the spread of illness this Winter.

Much of it focusses on things like handwashing & catching sneezes which WON’T stop airborne illnesses spreading.

BUT I’m pleased to see a whole section on VENTILATION, CO2 MONITORING & AIR FILTERS. Image
Link to this newly published guidance can be found here:

educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2025/10/reduci…
The joint unions have also just released newly updated guidance:

“GOOD VENTILATION IN SCHOOLS & COLLEGES AND HOW TO ACHIEVE IT!”

This excellent guide sets out 5 simple steps which schools should be taking to monitor & improve ventilation in classrooms.

neu.org.uk/sites/default/… x.com/neunion/status…Image
Read 6 tweets
May 22
“LONG COVID IS FUELLING A MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS IN CHILDREN”

🚨Nearly 40% of children with Long COVID reported anxiety or depression; half had no prior diagnosis.

🚨Mental health impact was comparable to that of serious chronic illnesses like cancer.

neurosciencenews.com/long-covid-chi…Image
Meanwhile, more than 500 children a day in England are being referred to NHS mental health services for anxiety, more than DOUBLE the pre-pandemic rate…

…and yet, the impact of repeated COVID infections on children is never even considered as a contributing factor. Image
There are so many studies about the detrimental impact that Covid has on the brain…

…how the brain inflammation can trigger neurological symptoms such as depression & anxiety.

I don’t understand why this is just being ignored by the mainstream media.

health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/…Image
Read 4 tweets
May 15
LONG COVID IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

🚨40% of the undergrad students reported brain fog due to COVID-19.

🚨37 % of the undergraduates exhibited impaired cognition up to 17 months post-infection.

🚨Brain fog appeared to affect the distinct prefrontal haemodynamic patterns. Image
This study was conducted by scientists at the University of Otago (NZ) who were looking to investigate the cognitive effects of COVID infection in a population highly representative of young adults: undergraduate university students.

Link to full study:
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…Image
A summary article about this worrying study can also be found here:

“New neuroscience research shows COVID-19 leaves mark on young adult brains” (Feb 2025)

psypost.org/new-neuroscien…Image
Read 4 tweets
Mar 15
Today, in honour of #LongCovidAwarenessDay, I’m sharing a series of short videos from Dr Rae Duncan (@Sunny_Rae1) about the ongoing impact of Long Covid.

1. WHAT IS LONG COVID?

Long Covid is a multi-systemic inflammatory condition that can affect almost every organ of the body.
2. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPAL MECHANISMS & MANIFESTATIONS OF LONG COVID?

Dr Rae Duncan explains some of the key manifestations of Long Covid, including:

▪️immune-mediated issues

▪️abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system (the nerves which control things like our heart rate).
3. WHAT ARE THE MAIN SYMPTOMS OF LONG COVID?

Dr Rae Duncan discusses some of the most prevalent symptoms of Long Covid, such as fatigue and post-exertional malaise.

There are over 200 recognised symptoms of Long Covid though, so each patient may experience different symptoms.
Read 11 tweets

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