A recent study demonstrates that certain teas inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.
Researchers demonstrate how certain teas inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in saliva—in some cases by up to 99.9%. 1/
This is important because the virus infects & replicates inside the oral cavity, passing through oropharynx before reaching lungs. Inactivating SARS-2 in the mouth & throat matters because that potentially reduces the introduction of the virus to the lower respiratory tract 2/
The researchers studied 24 different types of teas. Of those, they found 5 that significantly reduced the virus in saliva: raspberry zinger, eucalyptus mint, mint medley, green tea & black tea, w/ black tea showing the greatest reduction. 3/
The team tested the efficacy of tea both as a drink and as a gargle to provide an option for those do not want to drink tea but want a highly concentrated rinse that would provide the same benefits as drinking a cup of tea. 4/
They prepared a drinkable infusion concentration using one tea bag per cup steeped for 10 minutes, w/ no additions such as milk or sugar. All five teas reduced the virus by at least 96% within 10 seconds in the mouth. Black tea was the most effective, reducing virus by 99.9% 5/
When tested as a gargle, they brewed the tea at four times the concentration of the drinkable infusion, finding that all five varieties of tea reduced the virus by 99.9% within 10 seconds when gargled. 6/
At this stage, they are not suggesting tea as a stand-alone intervention against SARS-CoV-2, because the virus also replicates in the nose and may have already reached the lung by the time a person tests positive. 7/
But tea can be an additional layer of intervention that the patients and their families can easily adopt on a routine basis. 8/8
A new study confirms a strong association between #LongCOVID and cognitive impairment
The study found that the prevalence of longCOVID was 7.4% and cognitive impairment was 13.4% with both rates higher among women, aged 18-64 years. 1/
Researchers also find vaccine effectiveness of 3 or more doses of mRNA Covid vaccine vs <3 was 38% for longCOVID and 35% for cognitive impairment (CI). For CI, apparent vaccine effectiveness was similar for respondents with or without longCOVID 2/
However, many questions unanswered -HOW the vaccines work & if they can slow progression to Alzheimer Disease (AD)?
It is possible that a precursor protein associated with AD might be similar enough to Spike protein targeted by the vaccines to stimulate an immune response 3/
How SARS-CoV-2 replicates once it enters the cells, has made surprising discoveries that could be the foundation for future antiviral therapies. It also has important implications as replication of the SARS-CoV-2 has, so far, received less attention from researchers. 1/
The viral life cycle can be broken down into 2 main stages: the 1st where the virus enters the cell, & 2nd is replication where the virus uses the molecular machinery of the cell to replicate itself by building its parts, assembling them into new viruses that can then exit 2/
The new study focuses on how the Envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 controls late stages of viral replication. Coronaviral Envelope (E) proteins are pentameric viroporins that play essential roles in assembly, release, and pathogenesis. 3/
Protein in embryo cells might help decide!
A new study finds that gene that codes for structural protein could determine the dominant side of the human brain. 1/
During the embryonic stage of human development, the left & right brain hemispheres get wired differently, which determines innate behaviours, such as where we lean when we hug someone, on which side of our mouth we tend to chew our food & which hand is our dominant one. 2/
This turns out to be the left hand for around 10% of the human population. Because most people have a clear preference for one hand over the other, finding genes linked to handedness can provide clues for the genetic basis of the brain’s left–right asymmetry. 3/
A new study identified differential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children versus adults. This is reflected by finding a significant number of genes that were differentially expressed in lung cells derived from children as compared to adults. 1/
The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to evade antiviral immune signaling in the airway contributes to the severity of COVID-19 disease.
Additionally, COVID-19 is influenced by age and has more severe presentations in older individuals. 2/
This raises questions about innate immune signaling as a function of lung development and age.
A new study investigated the transcriptome of different cell populations of the airway epithelium using pediatric and adult lung tissue samples 3/
Mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can lead to successful escape from protective antibodies, and hence antigenic drift. 1/
Most of these spike mutations are known to occur in the RBD & N-terminal domain. In contrast, while human antibodies also target the conserved S2 domain, whether S2 mutations also contribute to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift remains largely elusive. 2/
A new study used a deep mutational scanning experiment to identify S2 mutations that weaken binding to a multidonor class of S2 antibodies. 3/
There is a coevolutionary race between the human immune system & SARS-CoV-2, mirroring the ‘Red Queen hypothesis’ of evolutionary biology. The immune system generates neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS2 spike’s RBD while virus evolves to evade antibody recognition. 1/
A new study establishes a synthetic coevolution system combining high-throughput screening of antibody and RBD variant libraries with protein mutagenesis, surface display, and deep sequencing. 2/
The researchers deployed eSHM for antibody library generation and mammalian surface display screening to identify antibody clonotypes that bind to different RBD variants. 3/