This is a map of repetition among all symptoms in the DSM-5.
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These findings are from a descriptive study published in Psychological Medicine which mapped the repetition among the 1419 symptoms described in 202 diagnoses of adult psychopathology in section II of the DSM-5. 2/10 cambridge.org/core/journals/…
The first stage of coding aimed to distil the constituent symptoms of the diagnoses in chapters 1–19 of section II of the DSM-5. The resulting list of symptoms was then coded for content overlap using both qualitative content coding and natural language processing. 3/10
In total, 202 diagnoses were represented, including 135 primary disorders and 76 specifiers or other specified disorders with additional symptoms. While repetition appeared to be pervasive, the majority (63.2%) of the 628 distinct symptoms were unique to a single diagnosis. 4/10
Overall, of the 202 diagnoses represented, 140 (69.3%) had at least one symptom that repeated in another diagnosis – 118 (58.4%) in a diagnosis in another chapter. 5/10
A noteworthy finding was that the symptoms in the DSM-5 that repeat most frequently, and that repeat across most chapters, are dominated by symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). 6/10
Specifically, 10 of the top 15 most non-specific symptoms in the DSM-5 appeared in the diagnostic criteria for MDD. 7/10
Perhaps MDD symptoms are psychological responses to stress, similar to how fever – a symptom that also cuts across numerous diagnostic categories – reflects an inflammatory response to cell damage or stress. 8/10
The pervasiveness of MDD symptoms throughout the DSM-5 likely hampers diagnostic accuracy through misattribution of symptoms in other diagnoses to MDD, and inflation of the rates of comorbidity due to symptom overlap with other diagnoses. 9/10
Ultimately, more empirical work on fine-grained clinical phenomena promises to improve on the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 constructs that frame much research and practice. 10/10
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Coffee preserves the main biological mechanisms of aging.
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These findings are from a review in @ElsevierConnect which explored evidence from studies in humans supporting an ability of coffee and of its main components (caffeine and chlorogenic acids) to preserve the main biological aging mechanisms. 2/9 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
The conception of coffee consumption has undergone a profound modification, evolving from a noxious habit into a safe lifestyle actually preserving human health. 3/9
There is an inverse, stepwise association between dietary creatine intake and depression.
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These findings are from a study in @transl_psych which examined the association between dietary creatine and depression in U.S. adults. 2/10 nature.com/articles/s4139…
Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid endogenous to all vertebrates, plays a critical role in brain bioenergetics and is another promising nutraceutical candidate for depression. 3/10
Psilocybin decreases cerebral blood flow to the amygdala - a brain area that controls fear.
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These findings are from a study in @SciReports which used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment with psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. 2/9 nature.com/articles/s4159…
Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. 3/9
Brain volume overgrowth is linked to the emergence and severity of autistic social deficits.
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These findings are from a study in @Nature which conducted neuroimaging on 106 infants at high familial risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 42 low-risk infants. 2/8 nature.com/articles/natur…
Brain enlargement has been observed in children with ASD, but the timing of this phenomenon, and the relationship between ASD and the appearance of behavioural symptoms, are unknown. 3/8
Our paper was just published in European Neuropsychopharmacology.
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Creatine is an extensively studied, safe and relatively inexpensive nutraceutical commonly used to improve muscle performance which can reach the central nervous system. 2/10
Oral supplementation of creatine increases the cerebral reservoir of phosphocreatine, which can cause a shift in brain creatine kinase activity to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from phosphocreatine in response to energy demand. 3/10