This is a map of repetition among all symptoms in the DSM-5.
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These findings are from a descriptive study published in Psychological Medicine which mapped the repetition among the 1419 symptoms described in 202 diagnoses of adult psychopathology in section II of the DSM-5. 2/10 cambridge.org/core/journals/…
The first stage of coding aimed to distil the constituent symptoms of the diagnoses in chapters 1–19 of section II of the DSM-5. The resulting list of symptoms was then coded for content overlap using both qualitative content coding and natural language processing. 3/10
In total, 202 diagnoses were represented, including 135 primary disorders and 76 specifiers or other specified disorders with additional symptoms. While repetition appeared to be pervasive, the majority (63.2%) of the 628 distinct symptoms were unique to a single diagnosis. 4/10
Overall, of the 202 diagnoses represented, 140 (69.3%) had at least one symptom that repeated in another diagnosis – 118 (58.4%) in a diagnosis in another chapter. 5/10
A noteworthy finding was that the symptoms in the DSM-5 that repeat most frequently, and that repeat across most chapters, are dominated by symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). 6/10
Specifically, 10 of the top 15 most non-specific symptoms in the DSM-5 appeared in the diagnostic criteria for MDD. 7/10
Perhaps MDD symptoms are psychological responses to stress, similar to how fever – a symptom that also cuts across numerous diagnostic categories – reflects an inflammatory response to cell damage or stress. 8/10
The pervasiveness of MDD symptoms throughout the DSM-5 likely hampers diagnostic accuracy through misattribution of symptoms in other diagnoses to MDD, and inflation of the rates of comorbidity due to symptom overlap with other diagnoses. 9/10
Ultimately, more empirical work on fine-grained clinical phenomena promises to improve on the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 constructs that frame much research and practice. 10/10
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High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being
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These findings are from a study in @PNASNews which raised the question of whether money buys happiness, separately for two aspects of well-being (emotional well-being and life evaluation). 2/10 pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…
The question of whether “money buys happiness” comes up frequently in discussions of subjective well-being in both scholarly debates and casual conversation. 3/10
These findings are from a review in @NatMetabolism which explored the intricate communication between the brain and the periphery, highlighting the effect of obesity-induced inflammation on brain function. 2/9 nature.com/articles/s4225…
Obesity is often associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state affecting the entire body. 3/9
People with these traits are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories:
- Lower cognitive ability
- Narcissism
- Pseudoscientific beliefs
- Paranoia
- Schizotypy
- Religiosity
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These findings are from a study in @ELSpsychology which conducted a synthesis of the literature with respect to 12 personality correlates and their relationship with conspiracy beliefs. 2/10 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
These findings are from a study in @PNASNews which revealed maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. 2/12 pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…
Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. 3/12
This is the optimal amount of exercise to improve depressive symptoms.
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These findings are from a systematic review in @els_psychiatry which examined the efficacy of four major types of exercise on depression, as well as the dose-response relationship between total and specific exercise and depressive symptoms. 2/10 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Aerobic and mind-body exercise improved depressive symptoms better compared to controls, followed by mixed and resistance exercise, and the dose-response meta-analysis showed a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and depressive symptoms. 3/10
These findings are from a review in @transl_psych which proposes a novel hypothesis for understanding the antidepressant effects of exercise. 2/8 nature.com/articles/s4139…
Depression is associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity and connectivity, reward processing and motivation. 3/8