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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Apr 11, 2024 β€’ 6 tweets β€’ 2 min read β€’ Read on X
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π—–π—›π—œπ—Ÿπ——π—₯π—˜π—‘ 𝗔𝗧 π—₯π—œπ—¦π—ž !!!

𝗦𝗔π—₯𝗦-𝗖𝗼𝗩-2 π—œπ—Ίπ—Ίπ˜‚π—»π—² π—₯π—²π˜€π—½π—Όπ—»π˜€π—²π˜€: 𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗡𝗢𝗹𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻 π—Ÿπ—²π˜€π˜€ π—£π—Ώπ—Όπ˜π—²π—°π˜π—²π—±?
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
2) The study compared humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in 28 children and 28 adults approximately 7 months after mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Both children and adults had comparable levels of antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RBD Image
3) However, children had lower antibody levels against the nucleocapsid protein compared to adults.
Neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variants were similar between children and adults. Image
4) Cellular immune responses as measured by IFN-Ξ³ ELISpot were significantly lower in children compared to adults. The median response in children was approximately half that of adults.
In children, the magnitude of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 was similar to responses ... Image
5) ...against seasonal human coronaviruses that cause common colds. In contrast, adults showed a greatly enhanced response specifically to SARS-CoV-2.
T-cell responses in children showed stronger immunodominance towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ... Image
6) ...compared to other viral proteins, more so than in adults.
In summary, the study found that while humoral immunity was comparable, cellular immune memory was reduced in children relative to adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Thanks for reading πŸ™ and protect your kids.

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Mar 2
Catching COVID-19 in Buildings: Combining Wastewater, Air, and Surface Monitoring !

An amazing study in Nature.
H/t @mryoung151
nature.com/articles/s4137…Image
2) This study looked at different ways to detect COVID-19 in a building. The researchers tested air, surfaces, and wastewater to see which methods could best detect the virus.

They placed air samplers in the lobby of a dorm where students with COVID-19 were isolating. Image
3) The air samples showed higher virus levels when students with COVID-19 were present.

The researchers also collected air samples from the building's rooftop exhaust, swabbed high-touch surfaces, and tested the building's wastewater. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Feb 27
Alarming Shift in H5N1 Bird Flu: Longer Neuraminidase Stalks May Boost Transmission Risk

H/t @florian_krammer Thanks @DavidJoffe64
journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mb…Image
2) The H5N1 bird flu virus has been spreading rapidly since 2020. An important change is that the neuraminidase (NA) protein on this virus now has a longer "stalk" region.

In the past, most H5N1 viruses had a shorter NA stalk. Image
3) But the current clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses mostly have the longer NA stalk.

The longer NA stalk may make these H5N1 viruses more able to spread between mammals, including potentially between humans.
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Feb 24
What an UNFORTUNATE CHOICE of WORD it is to REFER to the term β€œVARIANT” in relation to SARS-CoV-2.

No one would think to call Prince William a "variant" or a mere variation of Queen Elizabeth; he shares the same family and lineage. That's all. Image
2) I wanted to use this analogy to highlight the significant differences in pathogenicity and transmission among the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, as demonstrated by a recent study published in Nature.
nature.com/articles/s4429…Image
3) By suggesting that the various lineages of SARS-CoV-2 consist of only minor mutations in the Spike proteinβ€”while overlooking the other proteinsβ€”and by using the term "soup of variants," which I consistently contest, we diminish the profound changes ... Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Feb 24
Can a SYNTHETIC RECEPTOR that BINDS to the SUGAR (Glycans) on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, PREVENT the VIRUS from INFECTING Human CELLS?

Amazing study πŸ™ @DavidJoffe64
…mistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb…Image
2) Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have proteins on their surface called spike proteins. These spike proteins help the virus attach to and enter human cells. The spike proteins are heavily coated with sugar molecules called glycans. Image
3) Researchers have developed a synthetic molecule called IDS060 that can bind to these glycans on the spike protein. This binding prevents the virus from attaching to human cells, blocking infection. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Feb 23
WHEN and WHERE was the H5N1 influenza A virus (genotype D1.1) DISCOVERED ?

A very interesting article from
@LouiseHMoncla @angie_rasmussen @MichaelWorobey @PeacockFlu and colleagues
virological.org/t/timing-and-m…Image
2) The H5N1 influenza A virus (genotype D1.1) was discovered in dairy cattle in Churchill County, Nevada, on January 31, 2025. The detection followed a routine surveillance program, where bulk milk samples were collected from dairy processing plant silos on January 6 and 7, 2025. Image
3) These samples tested positive for the virus on January 10.
Investigations revealed that the virus likely jumped from birds to cattle sometime between late October 2024 and early January 2025 ... Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Feb 23
What makes VIRUSES like Herpes, Epstein-Barr, Flu, H1N1, H5N1 and HIV so EFFECTIVE at INFECTING the BRAIN ?

Viruses can infect and damage the brain, leading to conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and depression
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
2) Some Viruses are able to successfully infect the brain for a few key reasons:

▢️ Direct Brain Entry: Some viruses can directly enter the brain through the nose or other pathways, allowing them to directly infect brain cells. Image
3) ▢️ Evading Immunity: Certain viruses can hide from or suppress the immune system, enabling them to persist in the brain undetected.

▢️ Breaching the Blood-Brain Barrier: Viruses can damage the protective barrier between the brain and bloodstream ...
Read 6 tweets

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