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Apr 13 โ€ข 7 tweets โ€ข 3 min read โ€ข Read on X
๐™„๐™ฃ๐™›๐™ก๐™–๐™ข๐™ข๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™‹๐˜ผ๐™Ž๐˜พ-๐˜พ๐™‘๐™Ž ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™™๐™ž๐™ซ๐™ž๐™™๐™ช๐™–๐™ก๐™จ >18 ๐™ข๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™๐™จ ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™ฉ-๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™™๐™ง๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ค๐™ซ๐™–๐™จ๐™˜๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ง ๐™จ๐™ฎ๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ข๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™œ๐™ ๐™š๐™›๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฎ๐™ค๐™˜๐™ฎ๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™›๐™ช๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ
biorxiv.org/content/10.110โ€ฆ
2) The study investigated individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome (PASC-CVS), defined as persistent chest pain and/or heart palpitations more than 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Image
3) Two independent cohorts of PASC-CVS individuals were compared to individuals who recovered from COVID-19 without long-term symptoms.
Whole blood RNA sequencing showed PASC-CVS donors had an upregulated inflammatory transcriptional signature over 500 days post-infection ... Image
4) ...with enrichment of neutrophil degranulation and interferon pathways.
Nanotechnology (immunostorm chip) detected significantly elevated trace levels of IL-12, IL-1ฮฒ, MCP-1 and IL-6 in PASC-CVS plasma compared to Recovered donors. Image
5) A cytokine cocktail mimicking PASC-CVS levels impaired cardiomyocyte function in vitro, reducing amplitude and upstroke velocity. PASC-CVS plasma also reduced cardiomyocyte relaxation velocity.
Proteomics of PASC-CVS plasma found enrichment of complement cascade and ... Image
6) ... and serum amyloid A-4.
Treatment with dexamethasone prevented the effect of PASC-CVS plasma on cardiomyocyte upstroke velocity. Image
7) The results suggest chronic low-level inflammation in PASC-CVS individuals over 18 months post-infection may drive cardiovascular symptoms through effects on cardiomyocyte function. Nanotechnology showed potential for improved PASC-CVS diagnosis and management.

Thanks ๐Ÿ™ Image

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More from @ejustin46

Apr 15
๐—ช๐—ต๐˜† ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19 ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ธ๐—น๐˜† ?

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-arโ€ฆ
Image
2) In this brief report, researchers looked at 20 individuals who previously had COVID-19 but were never vaccinated. Bone marrow samples and plasma were collected to analyze antibody-producing cells. Image
3) Two specific cell populations (subsets B and D) that secrete antibodies were analyzed using ELISPOT assays for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and tetanus antigen.ย 
Subset D is thought to represent long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) responsible for durable antibody responses.
Read 7 tweets
Apr 15
๐—•๐—˜๐—ช๐—”๐—ฅ๐—˜ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐— ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜… ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐— ๐—จ๐—ง๐—”๐—ง๐—˜ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜€ ๐—ก๐—ข๐—ง ๐——๐—œ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฃ๐—ฃ๐—˜๐—”๐—ฅ๐—˜๐——

Mpox is a dangerous virus which can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections ... Image
2) These infections may lead to complications such as cellulitis (skin infection), abscesses, or pneumonia.
It can cause eye infections, which may result in conjunctivitis (pink eye) or corneal ulcers, can lead to respiratory distress, including difficulty breathing or pneumonia Image
3) It can cause scarring. The rash caused by monkeypox may leave scars on the skin, particularly if the blisters become infected or are scratched excessively. In rare cases, monkeypox can affect the central nervous system, leading to encephalitis or meningitis. Image
Read 7 tweets
Apr 15
๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฒ ๐— ๐—”๐—–๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ฃ๐—›๐—”๐—š๐—˜๐—ฆ
(๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ธ ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ฅ๐˜บ H/t @outbreakupdates)

Macrophages encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly present in every tissue and organ.
โ–ถ๏ธ Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) are a type of macrophages that reside long-term..
2) ... in specific tissues and organs. They help maintain tissue homeostasis through specialized roles like regulating immune responses, clearing cellular debris, producing growth factors, and participating in metabolic processes.
โ–ถ๏ธ Monocyte-derived macrophages: These originate Image
3) ...from circulating monocytes that enter tissues, differentiate, and adopt more short-term roles like immune responses and repair.
โ–ถ๏ธ Inflammation-associated macrophages (iMacs): Subsets of monocyte-derived macrophages involved in acute/chronic inflammation. Image
Read 12 tweets
Apr 14
๐— ๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—บ "๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ฒ" ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19

The earliest known calendar was developed in ancient Egypt around 4236 BC. It was a lunar calendar of 12 months of 30 days each. Seasons were tracked but not named. Image
2) Ancient civilizations first divided the year into periods based on agricultural cycles ("season" in latin means the action of sowing) and weather patterns long before formal calendars existed. Image
3) In all ancient civilizations, men knew that time can be divided in this interplay between environmental conditions and human action.

Likewise a seasonal disease is an infectious illness that shows a pattern of increase and decrease in incidence over the course of a year ...
Read 7 tweets
Apr 14
๐—œ๐—ป๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฉ-2 ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜

H/t @BagaiDr @falsel_net
nature.com/articles/s4139โ€ฆ
Image
2) SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect cells in the pancreas, including both exocrine and endocrine cells. It is able to infiltrate and infect pancreatic alpha, beta, delta, and pancreatic polypeptide cells. Image
3) In adult non-human primates (NHPs), infection causes mild pancreatic phenotypic alterations and signs of insulin resistance. Damage to the pancreas is limited.ย 
In elderly NHPs, infection significantly exacerbates pancreatic pathology and damage. It causes loss of beta cells, Image
Read 7 tweets
Apr 14
๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ-2 ๐—ฅ๐—˜๐—ฃ๐—Ÿ๐—œ๐—–๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—–๐—˜๐—Ÿ๐—Ÿ๐—ฆ : ๐—š๐—ข๐—Ÿ๐—š๐—œ ๐—”๐—ฃ๐—ฃ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—”๐—ง๐—จ๐—ฆ/๐—–๐—ข๐— ๐—ฃ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ง๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง
(๐Ÿงต ๐˜”๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜ข-๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ ๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ 4 ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด)

During viral replication, SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through binding with ... Image
2) ...receptors on the cell surface. Once inside the cell, the virus releases its genetic material, which is in the form of RNA. The viral RNA then hijacks the host cell's machinery to replicate itself.
Within the Golgi apparatus, the viral RNA is translated into viral proteins.. Image
3) ... by the host cell's ribosomes. These viral proteins undergo post-translational modifications and are processed within the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus also plays a role in assembling new viral particles.
After replication and assembly, the newly formed SARS-CoV-2 .. Image
Read 10 tweets

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