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Apr 15 โ€ข 7 tweets โ€ข 3 min read โ€ข Read on X
๐—ช๐—ต๐˜† ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19 ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ธ๐—น๐˜† ?

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-arโ€ฆ
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2) In this brief report, researchers looked at 20 individuals who previously had COVID-19 but were never vaccinated. Bone marrow samples and plasma were collected to analyze antibody-producing cells. Image
3) Two specific cell populations (subsets B and D) that secrete antibodies were analyzed using ELISPOT assays for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and tetanus antigen.ย 
Subset D is thought to represent long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) responsible for durable antibody responses.
4) Fewer spike-specific cells were found in subset D compared to tetanus-specific cells.
No spike-specific cells were detected in subset D for individuals with previous severe COVID-19 infection, while tetanus-specific cells were found. Image
5) Plasma antibody levels against tetanus correlated with the percentage of tetanus-specific cells in subset D, but no correlations were found for spike antibodies.
A regression model explained variance in tetanus antibody levels based on subset B and D ... Image
6).. but not for spike antibodies, indicating a lack of LLPC contribution to spike antibodies. Model suggested competitive inhibition of LLPC expansion by short-lived B cells could explain the lack of spike-specific LLPCs, leading to more short-lived antibody protection for COVID
7) In summary, the study found deficient generation of spike-specific LLPCs in the bone marrow after COVID-19 infection, which may underlie the short-lived antibody responses compared to the long-lasting response induced by tetanus vaccination. Image

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More from @ejustin46

Apr 17
๐™€๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ข๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™š๐™›๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™ง๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™™๐™ช๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ฃ๐™ช๐™ข๐™—๐™š๐™ง ๐™ค๐™› ๐˜พ๐™Š๐™‘๐™„๐˜ฟ-19 ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ-๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™™๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™–๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ฌ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง ๐™™๐™–๐™ฉ๐™–

๐˜ˆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ฑ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜’๐˜ข๐˜จ๐˜ข๐˜ธ๐˜ข, ๐˜‘๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ
sciencedirect.com/science/articlโ€ฆ
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2) The study aims to develop a modeling framework for estimating the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection counts and viral concentrations in wastewater, using data from Takamatsu City, Japan.
Twice-weekly wastewater viral load data and daily COVID-19 case count data ... Image
3) ...from January to September 2022 were analyzed.
A shedding load distribution (SLD) function was estimated, representing the time course of viral shedding from infection to detection in wastewater. A gamma distribution with a mean of 3.46 days fit the data best. Image
Read 6 tweets
Apr 17
๐—–๐—น๐˜‚๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐—— ๐˜€๐˜†๐—บ๐—ฝ๐˜๐—ผ๐—บ๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฎ ๐˜€๐˜†๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜€ ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ด-๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—บ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ


The study aimed to identify symptom clusters in long COVID patients ... link.springer.com/article/10.100โ€ฆ
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2) ...through cluster analysis of self-reported symptoms.
2,371 individuals with persisting long COVID symptoms 4+ weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection participated.
The most common symptoms were chest pain, dizziness/vertigo, respiratory symptoms, fatigue, and brain fog.
3) Cluster analysis identified three main symptom clusters:
- Cluster A included rheumatological and neurological symptoms like pain, muscle pain, headaches, etc.
- Cluster B grouped neurological and psychological symptoms with cardiorespiratory symptoms. Image
Read 5 tweets
Apr 17
๐™€๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™จ: ๐™„๐™จ ๐™๐™ž๐™œ๐™๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™๐™ค๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™–๐™ซ๐™ž๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™ก๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฏ๐™– ๐˜ผ(๐™ƒ5๐™‰1) ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™™๐™–๐™ž๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™™๐™จ ๐™– ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™š๐™ก๐™ช๐™™๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™– ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฌ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™๐™š๐™ข๐™ž๐™˜?

sciencedirect.com/science/articlโ€ฆ
Image
2) Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 strain has been detected in multiple dairy cattle herds across several US states, which is unusual as avian influenza rarely infects cattle.
Genetic analysis shows the virus belongs to the Eurasian H5N1 goose/Guangdong lineage.
3) It is suspected to have been introduced by wild migratory birds.
Infected cows showed symptoms like decreased milk production.
Genomic analysis found some genetic variation in the HA and NA genes between avian, mammal and human viruses, but genetic distance is small
...
Read 5 tweets
Apr 16
๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฉ-2 ๐— ๐—ถ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐— ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—˜๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ด๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19

(๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต ๐˜ญ๐˜ข๐˜บ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ, ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐Ÿคทโ€โ™‚๏ธ)
sciencedirect.com/science/articlโ€ฆ
Image
2) SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria, resulting in increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This ROS stabilizes HIF-1ฮฑ and redirects cellular metabolism. Image
3) Elevated HIF-1ฮฑ induces glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and mTORC1 to generate substrates for viral replication from glycolysis and glutaminolysis intermediates. Inhibiting these pathways impairs viral growth. Image
Read 8 tweets
Apr 16
๐—–๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฑ-19-๐—”๐˜€๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐— ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—บ๐˜†๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€


Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes and can affect various parts of the body, including the sinuses... thieme-connect.de/products/ejourโ€ฆ
Image
2) ..lungs, skin, and brain.
Symptoms of mucormycosis depend on the area of the body affected but may include fever, headache, facial pain or swelling, nasal congestion, cough, chest pain, skin lesions, and vision changes. If left untreated, mucormycosis can be life-threatening. Image
3) This study describes the clinical and histopathological features of 38 cases of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 infection. The majority of cases occurred in males with a mean age of 53 years and had risk factors like diabetes (68.4%) and steroid use (84.2%). Image
Read 6 tweets
Apr 16
๐—ก๐—ฒ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—บ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ-2 ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป

sciencedirect.com/science/articlโ€ฆ
Image
2) SARS-CoV-2 causes a variety of neurological manifestations in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neuropsychiatric conditions.
The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters and spreads in the nervous Image
3) ... system are still being studied. Potential routes include direct infection of olfactory or cranial nerves followed by retrograde transport to the brain, or entry through the bloodstream by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Read 6 tweets

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