In fact, some of the most groundbreaking scientific discoveries were made by Catholic clergy.
Here are the top 5 scientific breakthroughs made by priests…🧵 (thread)
5) Atomic Theory (Boscovich Model)
Roger Boscovich, a Croatian physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, was a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. His model of the atom, the “Boscovich Model,” was a forerunner to modern atomic theory.
His theory was an attempt to find a middle way between Newton’s theory of gravity and Gottfried Leibniz's metaphysical theory of monad-points (points of original substance).
In addition to physics, Boscovich made significant astronomical observations; in particular the moon.
4) Seismology
One of the pioneers in the field of seismology was Fr. Giuseppe Mercalli in the late 19th and early 20th century.
He’s famous for developing the Mercalli Intensity Scale which measures the intensity of seismic shaking caused by earthquakes.
Though the Richter scale superseded his scale for magnitude measurement, the Mercalli scale remains the method for assessing the impact of earthquakes on people and buildings.
Mercalli’s commitment to science and his faith exemplify the harmony between the two realms.
3) Genetic Theory
Gregor Mendel, “the father of modern genetics,” was a 19th-century Augustinian friar and abbot. He developed Mendelian genetic theory by observing the inherited traits in pea plants, paving the way for our modern understanding of heredity.
Mendel’s discoveries were initially ignored. Notably Charles Darwin had no idea about Mendel’s work. It’s possible had he known, genetics would have developed much earlier.
The significance of his work was only finally realized after his death.
2) The Big Bang
The Big Bang theory of the universe’s origin was first posited by Georges Lemaitre, a Belgian astronomer. physicist, and priest. His theory shocked the scientific community when it was first published in 1927, but has since been widely accepted.
Lemaitre’s model upset the millennia-old belief of an eternal cosmos. His theory implied that everything came from an ultra-dense, tiny point, and its expansion birthed time and space.
Contrary to common belief, it was anti-religious sentiment that prevented the Big Bang theory from broad acceptance early on.
Atheist scientists were repulsed by the Big Bang's creationist overtones—it seemed too similar to the creation story in the Book of Genesis.
1) Heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus was an early proponent of heliocentrism, the theory that the sun centered the solar system.
It’s possible that Copernicus, a Renaissance-era polymath dubbed the “father of modern astronomy,” was also a Catholic priest.
Copernicus held various positions within the Church, and the Catholic Encyclopedia claims he was ordained since in 1537 he was a candidate for the episcopal seat of Warmia, a seat that required ordination. Some scholars contest whether he was ever actually ordained though.
The idea that science and religion are at odds is a fairly new concept.
Despite the modern misconception, it’s historically been religious institutions, especially the Catholic Church, who have been the main drivers of scientific advancement in the West.
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But masterpieces like the works of Raphael and Michelangelo were funded by individual egos.
Here’s why it matters…🧵
A major factor in the proliferation of art during periods like the Renaissance was a concept called patronage, where princes, popes, and other influential people provided funds for painters, sculptors, and musicians.
Patronage was how artists made their living—they didn’t receive a steady income unless they were actively creating art.
Patrons would put up the funds for a project—often Church artwork or private commissions for nobility—and the artist would see that project through.
Young Napoleon was bullied by his aristocratic peers.
He was aloof, spoke French with a funny accent, and of low nobility.
But he sought refuge in books — igniting a lifelong obsession. Reading became a “matter of power” for him.
Here’s how books guided his every move…🧵
Author Louis Sarkozy’s work “Napoleon's Library” paints a vivid picture of the emperor as an avid reader, enjoying history, philosophy, religion, and fiction.
His official portraits even reflect his love of reading — he’s often depicted in front of books and libraries.
According to Sarkozy, books were crucial to his early formation and later military acumen:
…they molded his adolescent mind and influenced his statesmanship. They made him the general he would become and accompanied him to his grave.”
Dueling in the West can be traced to pre-Christian practices like the Norse “holmgang”.
A Viking-era duel, the holmgang was a legal way to settle disputes. Whether it was for honor, a legal dispute, or revenge, it was fought regardless of the parties’ social status.
Theoretically, any offended party could challenge the other party to a holmgang, whereafter the duel would be fought a few days later. Sometimes the duel would take place on a small island, or “holm”, where the practice gets its name.
The Ancient Greeks basically invented Western philosophy. 2500 years on and we’re still studying their ideas.
Here are 10 Greek philosophers you need to know🧵
1. Thales, 7th cent. BC
Thales was part of a new generation of thinkers trying to uncover how the cosmos were constructed without relying on the gods as an explanation. An early Monist, he considered a single element to be the main building block of the cosmos.
2. Anaximander, 610 BC
A student of Thales, Anaximander saw the cosmos as ruled by laws, similar to human societies. Any action that disturbed the divine law would fail. He also explored astronomy, tracking the movements of the heavenly bodies, and developed a map of the cosmos.
Kenneth Clark lamented that civilization was a fragile thing.
He observed three “enemies” that could topple even the mightiest cultures — what are they?🧵
The first enemy is fear:
“fear of war, fear of invasion, fear of plague and famine, that make it simply not worthwhile constructing things, or planting trees or even planning next year’s crops. And fear of the supernatural, which means that you daren’t question anything.”
Fear paralyzes a people and stifles adventure, invention, and grand building projects.
The great men of history read intensively — it's how they gained an edge over their rivals.
We can do the same, today.
So here are the classics that influenced the greats, from ancient warriors to modern emperors🧵
Alexander
According to Plutarch, Alexander was given an annotated copy of the Iliad which he carried with him everywhere.
He considered it a “perfect portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge” and was especially fascinated by the character Achilles.
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius was extremely well-read. His tutor Fronto described how the emperor read works of Cato the Elder, Cicero, Lucretius, and Seneca in addition to numerous Greek tragedies.