In fact, some of the most groundbreaking scientific discoveries were made by Catholic clergy.
Here are the top 5 scientific breakthroughs made by priests…🧵 (thread)
5) Atomic Theory (Boscovich Model)
Roger Boscovich, a Croatian physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, was a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. His model of the atom, the “Boscovich Model,” was a forerunner to modern atomic theory.
His theory was an attempt to find a middle way between Newton’s theory of gravity and Gottfried Leibniz's metaphysical theory of monad-points (points of original substance).
In addition to physics, Boscovich made significant astronomical observations; in particular the moon.
4) Seismology
One of the pioneers in the field of seismology was Fr. Giuseppe Mercalli in the late 19th and early 20th century.
He’s famous for developing the Mercalli Intensity Scale which measures the intensity of seismic shaking caused by earthquakes.
Though the Richter scale superseded his scale for magnitude measurement, the Mercalli scale remains the method for assessing the impact of earthquakes on people and buildings.
Mercalli’s commitment to science and his faith exemplify the harmony between the two realms.
3) Genetic Theory
Gregor Mendel, “the father of modern genetics,” was a 19th-century Augustinian friar and abbot. He developed Mendelian genetic theory by observing the inherited traits in pea plants, paving the way for our modern understanding of heredity.
Mendel’s discoveries were initially ignored. Notably Charles Darwin had no idea about Mendel’s work. It’s possible had he known, genetics would have developed much earlier.
The significance of his work was only finally realized after his death.
2) The Big Bang
The Big Bang theory of the universe’s origin was first posited by Georges Lemaitre, a Belgian astronomer. physicist, and priest. His theory shocked the scientific community when it was first published in 1927, but has since been widely accepted.
Lemaitre’s model upset the millennia-old belief of an eternal cosmos. His theory implied that everything came from an ultra-dense, tiny point, and its expansion birthed time and space.
Contrary to common belief, it was anti-religious sentiment that prevented the Big Bang theory from broad acceptance early on.
Atheist scientists were repulsed by the Big Bang's creationist overtones—it seemed too similar to the creation story in the Book of Genesis.
1) Heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus was an early proponent of heliocentrism, the theory that the sun centered the solar system.
It’s possible that Copernicus, a Renaissance-era polymath dubbed the “father of modern astronomy,” was also a Catholic priest.
Copernicus held various positions within the Church, and the Catholic Encyclopedia claims he was ordained since in 1537 he was a candidate for the episcopal seat of Warmia, a seat that required ordination. Some scholars contest whether he was ever actually ordained though.
The idea that science and religion are at odds is a fairly new concept.
Despite the modern misconception, it’s historically been religious institutions, especially the Catholic Church, who have been the main drivers of scientific advancement in the West.
If you enjoyed this thread and would like to join the mission of promoting the beauty of western tradition, kindly repost the first post (linked below) and consider following: @thinkingwest
Rooted in American exceptionalism, this idea was known as "Manifest Destiny".
It inspired a people to conquer a continent — and push the boundaries of what was previously thought possible🧵 (thread)
The term “manifest destiny” first appeared in an article by newspaper editor John O'Sullivan in 1845.
O'Sullivan, described as "always full of grand and world-embracing schemes," used the phrase in the midst of the ongoing Oregon boundary dispute with Britain.
He wrote it was America’s destiny to control North America:
“And that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty…”
Art Deco needs to be the architectural style for America's upcoming golden age.
Here's why🧵
Kenneth Clarke said:
“Vigour, energy, vitality: all the civilizations—or civilizing epochs—have had a weight of energy behind them.”
Art Deco embodies this vitality.
He claimed civilization had 3 enemies:
"First of all fear — fear of war, fear of invasion, fear of plague and famine, that make it simply not worthwhile constructing things, or planting trees or even planning next year’s crops."
Why do civilizations arise in some places and not others?
Historian Arnold Toynbee claimed the usual answers—race, environment, resources—were too narrow.
Rather, something called “challenge and response” was the answer.
To build a civilization, you must make it STRUGGLE…🧵
Toynbee was an English historian who published the 12-volume masterwork “A Study of History,” which traced the life cycle of about two dozen civilizations.
Rather than simply naming events and dates, though, Toynbee built a framework for world history…
Popular in the 1940’s and 50’s, his work has largely fallen out of academic favor, but it remains a significant contribution to the philosophy of history.
Most notably, his theory of “challenge and response” provides a model for the rise of civilizations.
The ancient Greeks observed that governments often devolve into distorted versions of themselves.
The problem is the ruling party's tendency to abuse power...🧵(thread)
Precluding the explicit idea of social cycles is the concept of “dark ages” — dominated by poor leadership, war, famine, and tech/artistic stagnation — and “golden ages” — periods of peace, plenty, and social progress — across social scales, from city-states to civilizations.
The express idea of social cycles — that civilizations, governments, and movements progress in stages that often repeat — goes back to antiquity to as early as Plato.
Much of Medieval and Renaissance architecture was inspired by one man.
Artists like Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, and da Vinci learned a lot of what they knew from an obscure Roman engineer who lived more than 1000 years prior…🧵(thread)
The 16th-century architect Palladio called Roman architect Vitruvius his “master and guide,” but little is known of the figure.
We do know he was a military engineer who served under Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC, specializing in the construction of ballista siege engines
He likely campaigned in North Africa, Gaul, Hispania, and Pontus near the Black Sea.
But his dynamic military career would be overshadowed by his more creative accomplishments, namely his writings on architecture.