Thread excerpting Israel Shahak's 1993 article "Israel vs Iran".
Highlights how much has changed whilst staying the same. Shahak was a unique figure as an Israeli who opposed both the Socialist Left & Religious Right (at home & abroad), as well as the post-1967 occupation.🧵
Identical Israeli arguments 30 years ago warning of the purported horrors Iran would unleash if it got Nukes.
As early as 1992 Israel was urging Iran recieve the same treatment as Iraq, claiming its denuclearisation was only possible with (presumably American) ground troops.
Fervent Israeli hopes Iran would attempt something reckless like Saddam's invasion of Kuwait.
Open Israeli proposals to "create a situation" that would provoke Iran into war with Saudi/UAE over some Persian Gulf islands. Seems Mossad underestimated Iran's capacity for restraint.
Amusing account of deep Mossad disappointment & thinly veiled contempt meeting with the deposed Shah's son. Having escaped his mother's "beneficial" influence, he preferred partying in New York over any hare-brained plans to overthrow the Mullahs & reoccupy the Pahlavi throne.
A prediction Shahak dismissed as lurid: A Nuclear Iran deterring full Israeli retaliation against a hypothetical Palestinian state. It looks as if it's come true at first, but the 2024 strike was retalition for Iran's Syrian embassy loss. But longterm trend for Israel looks grim.
Long after Vanunu (caught by Honeytrap, imprisoned 18 years, 11 solitary) blew the whistle on Israel's nukes, Israeli journalists such as @Ran_Edelist could still recieve veiled threats from Shin-Bet (akin to the FBI or FSB) for questions about safe disposal of nuclear waste.
Funny example of Shimon Peres' famous talent for dissimulation being used. Peres would "elegantly" scuttle Middle-East regional disarmament negotiations by demanding impossible conditions for conferences: joint US/Russian chairing, attendance of mutually warring Arab states, etc.
Shahak on the hubris & paranoia (even towards allies) characterising Israeli intelligence. Attempt to turn Lebanon into a vassal. Contemplation of taking Egypt's Alexandria as a bargaining chip for Sinai. Rabin saw the 1st Intifada first as incited by Iran, then by Western media.
Shahak claims Israeli view of Arabs/Islam as identical to European imperial thinking. I actually think they're entirely correct, but I still think Israel has massively overreached. Interesting digression on Kedourie, who wanted an Israel within a continuing British Empire.
Orientalist doctrine recommending natives be ruled by "their traditional nobles but not by persons with intellectual capacity". Can't help thinking of Saudi Arabia's MBS squandering his country's entire sovereign wealth fund on "The Line".
Conclusion. Hubris, apparent ignorance that Iran is far stronger & unified than any Arab state. Sharon wanted to send paratroopers to Iran in 1979 to crush million-strong protests before Begin stopped him! 30 years later & little has changed. Doubt any denouement soon either.🧵/
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Here's my reading list on Iran by era. Limiting to 53 titles, excluding most adjacent-topic books, which cover Iran but aren't the focus, marked by *. Interests are more geared towards pre-Islamic Persia, including the ~500 years it was under foreign Macedonian/Parthian rule.🧵
Not yet read a dedicated monograph on the pre-IE Elamites of Iran, but Roux's book gives a broad overview of that civilisation in the Mesopotamian cultural world it was in. Drew's book has a vivid chapter on the static siege-based pre-chariot warfare of the Ancient Near-East.
Works on the Achaemenids. Briant's is a huge tome which bravely tries to minimise Greeks & focus on how the empire was run day-to-day. Olmstead suggests Greek written history began due to Persian supression of Ionian oral epic histories. Last illustrated army reconstructions.
Excerpt thread🧵 of Parsi's (2007) "Treacherous Alliance: Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran & the US". Book dismantles many pernicious myths, like that the Shah was ever an Israeli ally, or that the Islamic Republic is blindly driven by ideology, rather than national self-interest.
Poor US understanding of past and present Iran-Israel relations, reasons for conflict is "conveniently ignored at great cost to US national interests". You don't say!
In the 80s, Israel lobbied the US *not* to take Iranian rhetoric at its word (it was then selling Iran weapons).
Both Iran & Israel have strong PR reasons to pretend their conflict is ideological (to appeal to wider Western or Islamic worlds), but real rivalry goes much deeper. Even if the Iran had a different government, little reason to believe those underlying causes would change.
🧵Thread of excerpt Threads directory.
From books on Aborigines, Israel & Judaism, Indonesia, Ancient History, Poland, Nigeria, Oligarchs, South Africa, Hindutva, Russian literature etc.
Thread on how Sparta under Agis III led Greek resistance against Alexander the Great.
Prudently, Spartan plotting only led to war once Alexander had left for Asia. Due to clever leadership, a much-weakened Sparta could still pose a serious threat for much of Alexander's life.🧵
This thread will be excerping Ernst Badian's academic paper "Agis III". Assume my followers are familiar enough with the basics of Classical Antiquity and are reading for actual new information not commonly known. I don't bother with 'history 101' wiki type summaries.
To start, needs to be emphasised from that our popular narrative of Alexander leading a "Greek crusade against Persia" is based on Macedonian propaganda & centuries later historians who swallowed it. In Alex's life, Macedonians were hated barbarians.
A common pattern in Muslim states worldwide: strict suppression of all political speech turned Mosques into a refuge of activism & dissent. Indonesia's secular military government reflected in the secret police chief being a devout Catholic with a deep aversion to Islamism.
Giving up on open repression & hoping to avoid making more martyrs, Suharto's attempted coopt & contain political Islamic in the gov-sponsored Icmi, also backfiring. The 3 dominant figures emerged as Abdurahman Wahid (traditional syncretism), Habibie (modernist) & Rais (radical).
PPP ('United Development Party') an amalgamation of 4 Islamic parties emerged as the dominant opposition to Suharto by 1997. Even non-Muslims supported PPP as the only other anti-Suharto/Golkar party, led by Sukarno's daughter had chosen a deeply unpopular running mate.
Thread w/excerpts from Gaza: A History (2014) by Filiu. Was curious how pre-1967 Egyptian rule compared to Jordan's West-Bank (spoiler: far worse) or how it fared under Israel before the cordon sanitaire after Hamas took over. Author clearly pro-🇵🇸 but his tone is dispassionate.
Antique points of interest. Soft local soil always lent to siege tunnels. Post-Alexander Gaza was totally Hellenised, with negligible✡️, so☦️came quite late. Saint Porphyry deviously had persecution of pagans authorised by "petitioning" the tolerant Emperor Arcadius' infant son.
Skipping ☪️/🇬🇧 eras & the 1948 War (read B. Morris). Author notes Gaza became a backwater in the Ottoman period, as it became strategically redundant as last city before the Sinai desert. Unlike 🇱🇧, lacked timber so it declined as a port. Renewed importance when Turks lost Egypt.